Table 6. Emergency room servicesa—Median and mean expenses per person with expense and
distribution of expenses by source of payment: United States, 2000
	Expense per person	Percent distribution of total expenses by source
	with an expense	of payment
		Percent			Total					
Population	Population	with 			expenses	Out of	Private			
characteristic	(in thousands)	expense	Median	Mean	(in millions)	pocket	insuranceb	Medicare	Medicaid	Otherc
Total	278,406	11.6 	$315	$594	$19,248	12.2 	46.1 	17.9 	8.4	15.3

Age in years
Under 65	243,624	10.9	312	557	14,781	14.6 	55.1 	3.0	10.4	16.9
  Under 6	24,126	13.3	245	454	1,461	12.0 	57.2 	*0.4 	22.9	*7.5
  6-17	48,405	9.8	253	425	2,019	9.2	53.2 	*0.4 	15.1	*22.1
  18-44	109,021	10.9	348	582	6,894	17.5 	53.6 	*1.2 	10.4	17.3
  45-64	62,072	10.8	383	654	4,407	13.3 	57.7 	7.8	4.0	17.2
65 and over	34,782	16.8	341	764	4,467	4.6	16.4 	67.3 	2.1	*9.7
Sex
Male	135,882	10.9	306	618	9,193	12.1 	43.1	15.3 	7.0	22.5
Female	142,524	12.3	328	574	10,056	12.4 	48.9	20.3	9.8	8.6
Race/ethnicity
White and other	209,401	11.7	333	602	14,777	12.0 	48.5	18.8	6.5	14.1
Black	35,049	13.0	296	575	2,608	9.4	37.4	16.5 	13.0	23.7
Hispanic	33,955	9.7	260	566	1,863	18.0 	39.6	*12.7	17.3	12.3
Health insurance statusd
Under age 65:
  Any private	182,658	10.4 	336	574	10,956	11.7	74.4	0.9	*2.4	10.7
  Public only	28,622	17.7 	218	432	2,185	5.5	*0.0	16.0	58.0	20.5
  Uninsured	32,344	7.4	349	681	1,640	45.8 	*0.0 	*0.0 	*0.0	54.2
Age 65 and over:
  Medicare only	11,515	15.2 	349	815	1,423	5.6	*0.0 	75.2	*0.0	*19.2
  Medicare and private	19,570	16.2 	328	733	2,329	5.0	31.4	60.0	*0.5	*3.1
  Medicare and other public	3,568	25.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Poverty statuse
Poor	32,053	14.8	245	566	2,686	9.7	*15.0	21.2	32.0 	22.1
Near-poor	12,196	14.4	320	568	999	*8.3	 24.8	30.5	15.8 	*20.5
Low income	37,059	14.1	301	642	3,356	15.7	26.6	23.1	8.3	26.2
Middle income	90,343	11.8	349	594	6,351	13.9	50.0	19.1	3.3	13.7
High income	106,754	9.3	344	588	5,856	10.3 	71.0	10.0 	*2.1	6.6
	Expense per person	Percent distribution of total expenses by source
	with an expense	of payment
		Percent			Total					
Population	Population	with 			expenses	Out of	Private			
characteristic	(in thousands)	expense	Median	Mean	(in millions)	pocket	insuranceb	Medicare	Medicaid	Otherc
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
MSA	226,861	11.3	$318	$613	$15,695	11.7	47.3	17.9	8.0	15.1
Non-MSA	51,545	13.2	300	523	3,553	14.7	41.0 	18.1	10.3	16.0
Census region
Northeast	52,636	12.2	285	504	3,246	9.5	47.6	21.2	9.7	12.0
Midwest	64,536	12.7	361	710	5,816	10.0	45.7	16.7	9.0	*18.6	
South	97,373	11.9	301	562	6,519	16.4 	43.8	17.1	7.3	15.4
West	63,861	9.7	317	595	3,668	10.8	49.7 	18.5	8.5	12.5
Perceived health status
Excellent	87,890	8.9	290	526	4,123	11.3	58.8	4.2	9.1	16.5
Very good	93,499	9.5	300	588	5,222	13.3	50.0	7.9	7.3	21.4
Good	67,922	12.6	349	586	4,997	13.9	48.5	19.5	8.4	9.7
Fair	20,666	20.7	341	656	2,806	11.1	34.0	38.1	8.5	8.3
Poor	7,720	34.4	373	733	1,945	9.3	23.0 	39.4	10.6 	17.8
aExpenses for visits to medical providers seen in emergency rooms (except visits resulting in an overnight hospital stay) are included. 
bPrivate insurance includes TRICARE (Armed-Forces-related coverage). 
cOther includes payments from the Department of Veterans Affairs (except TRICARE); other Federal sources (Indian Health Service, military treatment facilities, and other care provided by the Federal Government); various State and local sources (community and neighborhood clinics, State and local health departments, and State programs other than Medicaid); Workers’ Compensation; various unclassified sources (e.g., automobile, homeowner’s, or other liability insurance, and other miscellaneous or unknown sources); Medicaid payments reported for persons who were not reported as enrolled in the Medicaid program at any time during the year; and private insurance payments reported for persons without any reported private health insurance coverage during the year.
dUninsured refers to persons uninsured during the entire year. Public and private health insurance categories refer to individuals with public or private insurance at any time during the period; individuals with both public and private insurance and those with TRICARE (Armed-Forces-related coverage) are classified as having private insurance. 
ePoor—persons in families with income less than 100 percent of the poverty line, including those whose losses exceeded their earnings, resulting in negative income; near-poor—persons in families with income from 100 percent to less than 125 percent of the poverty line; low income—persons in families with income from 125 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty line; middle income—persons in families with income from 200 percent to less than 400 percent of the poverty line; high income—persons in families with income at or over 400 percent of the poverty line.
—Less than 100 sample cases.
*Relative standard error equal to or greater than 30 percent.
Note: Restricted to civilian noninstitutionalized population. Percents may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Source: Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2000.