Table 8. Dental servicesa—Median and mean expenses per person with expense and
distribution of expenses by source of payment: United States, 2000
	Expense per person	Percent distribution of total expenses by source
	with an expense	of payment
		Percent			Total					
Population	Population	with 			expenses	Out of	Private			
characteristic	(in thousands)	expense	Median	Mean	(in millions)	pocket	insuranceb	Medicare	Medicaid	Otherc
Total	278,406	40.1	$168	$498	$55,551	49.3 	42.2	0.5	4.0	3.9

Age in years
Under 65	243,624	40.2	164	492	48,209	45.2	46.3	*0.0	4.6	3.9
  Under 6	24,126	20.1	99	193	937	25.4	43.3	*0.0	25.6	*5.7
  6-17	48,405	51.1	155	654	16,172	44.0	47.6	*0.0	6.5	1.9
  18-44	109,021	36.8 	155	404	16,223	42.0 	49.1	*0.0	*4.6	4.3
  45-64	62,072	45.4	209	528	14,876	51.2	42.0	*0.0	1.1	5.6
65 and over	34,782	39.5	196	534	7,341	76.7	15.2	3.6	0.4	4.1
Sex
Male	135,882	36.9	162	464	23,274	49.8	40.3 	*0.4 	*4.6	4.9
Female	142,524	43.2	172	525	32,277	49.0	43.6 	*0.5	3.6	3.3
Race/ethnicity
White and other	209,401	45.0	178	524	49,390	49.8	42.3	0.5	3.6	3.8
Black	35,049	26.0	107	354	3,224	40.3	47.4	*0.3	7.1	4.9
Hispanic	33,955	24.4	128	354	2,936	51.7 	35.3 	*0.6	7.3	5.1
Health insurance statusd
Under age 65:
  Any private	182,658	46.1	174	515	43,411	44.1	51.4	*0.0	*1.6	2.8
  Public only	28,622	27.9	87	287	2,290	26.9	*0.0	*0.4	66.4	6.2
  Uninsured	32,344	17.5	151	444	2,508	79.8	*0.0	*0.0	*0.0	20.3
Age 65 and over:
  Medicare only	11,515	32.6	195	661	2,480	86.8	*0.0	*5.3	*0.0	*8.0
  Medicare and private	19,570	47.9	200	490	4,601	72.6	24.3	1.6	*0.0	1.5
  Medicare and other public	 3,568	16.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Poverty statuse
Poor	32,053	24.8	105	345	2,744	44.1	23.3	*2.2	22.2	*8.2
Near-poor	12,196	25.4	150	495	*1,533	*31.0	*25.1	*0.3	*36.8	*6.8
Low income	 37,059	28.6	144	392	4,157	59.5	25.1	*0.5	10.5	*4.5
Middle income	 90,343	38.6	166	490	17,093	51.1	40.5	*0.6	*3.3	4.5
High income	106,754	51.6	185	545	30,025	48.3	48.2	0.3	*0.2	3.0
	Expense per person	Percent distribution of total expenses by source
	with an expense	of payment
		Percent			Total					
Population	Population	with 			expenses	Out of	Private			
characteristic	(in thousands)	expense	Median	Mean	(in millions)	pocket	insuranceb	Medicare	Medicaid	Otherc
	Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
MSA	226,861	40.9	$170	$502	$46,597	48.1	42.9	0.6	4.4	4.1
Non-MSA	51,545	36.5	151	476	8,954	56.0	38.7	*0.1	2.2	3.1
Census region		
Northeast	52,636	45.7	185	519	12,469	51.6	39.5	*0.7	3.9	4.3
Midwest	64,536	45.0	149	449	13,024	46.7	45.7	*0.3	*3.3	4.0
South	97,373	35.4	154	472	16,278	54.1	40.3	*0.4	1.3	3.9
West	63,861	37.8	200	571	13,780	44.2	43.6	*0.7	*8.0 	3.5
Perceived health status
Excellent	87,890	42.6	160	477	17,845	45.7	48.3	*0.1	3.0	2.8
Very good	93,499	42.8	165	514	20,587	49.2	44.8	*0.5	1.9	3.6
Good	67,922	37.5	176	480	12,235	50.6	35.1	*0.7	*8.4	5.2
Fair	20,666	32.3	200	560	3,740	62.3	26.7	*0.6	3.8	6.7
Poor	7,720	26.4	185	561	1,144	53.2	26.9 	*2.6	*12.6	*4.7
aServices provided by general dentists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, dental surgeons, orthodontists, endodontists, and periodontists are included. 
bPrivate insurance includes TRICARE (Armed-Forces-related coverage). 
cOther includes payments from the Department of Veterans Affairs (except TRICARE); other Federal sources (Indian Health Service, military treatment facilities, and other care provided by the Federal Government); various State and local sources (community and neighborhood clinics, State and local health departments, and State programs other than Medicaid); Workers’ Compensation; various unclassified sources (e.g., automobile, homeowner’s, or other liability insurance, and other miscellaneous or unknown sources); Medicaid payments reported for persons who were not reported as enrolled in the Medicaid program at any time during the year; and private insurance payments reported for persons without any reported private health insurance coverage during the year.
dUninsured refers to persons uninsured during the entire year. Public and private health insurance categories refer to individuals with public or private insurance at any time during the period; individuals with both public and private insurance and those with TRICARE (Armed-Forces-related coverage) are classified as having private insurance. 
ePoor—persons in families with income less than 100 percent of the poverty line, including those whose losses exceeded their earnings, resulting in negative income; near poor—persons in families with income from 100 percent to less than 125 percent of the poverty line; low income—persons in families with income from 125 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty line; middle income—persons in families with income from 200 percent to less than 400 percent of the poverty line; high income—persons in families with income at or over 400 percent of the poverty line.
—Less than 100 sample cases.
*Relative standard error equal to or greater than 30 percent.
Note: Restricted to civilian noninstitutionalized population. Percents may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Source: Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2000.