United States

74.4%

55.9%

81.8%

87.2%

91.6%

82.9%

65.8%

86.0%

Industry group **

Agric., fish., forest.

50.6%

35.1%

80.2%

71.7%

98.8%

98.3%

42.8%

93.3%

Mining and manufacturing

82.6%

67.2%

88.9%

94.7%

92.4%

78.0%

79.2%

88.3%

Construction

75.5%

66.0%

86.9%

90.0%

89.8%

76.1%

73.7%

88.8%

Utilities and transp.

77.0%

66.7%

85.9%

95.5%

96.8%

68.4%

75.6%

78.3%

Wholesale trade

72.7%

59.6%

81.0%

89.6%

85.7%

67.4%

70.2%

77.2%

Fin. svs. and real estate

77.0%

54.1%

83.2%

90.6%

93.7%

83.5%

62.3%

86.9%

Retail trade

84.4%

55.1%

85.3%

92.1%

96.0%

93.6%

68.3%

94.0%

Professional services

67.8%

54.1%

81.0%

81.2%

90.3%

66.9%

62.5%

78.5%

Other services

72.4%

51.9%

75.0%

84.2%

89.6%

86.7%

62.0%

86.9%

Ownership

For profit, incorporated

76.4%

57.4%

84.5%

90.1%

92.7%

82.3%

68.5%

85.9%

For profit, unincorporated

70.4%

57.7%

79.7%

83.2%

89.2%

88.1%

63.3%

87.9%

Nonprofit

65.6%

38.2%

64.2%

76.2%

89.1%

80.9%

50.8%

85.1%

Age of firm

Less than 5 years

63.5%

52.2%

80.3%

83.0%

92.0%

91.1%

60.7%

87.4%

5-9 years

67.8%

57.4%

82.7%

86.9%

85.1%

93.6%

65.4%

85.5%

10-19 years

70.5%

56.7%

82.8%

87.1%

92.6%

90.7%

65.5%

91.6%

20 or more years

75.5%

55.8%

81.5%

88.1%

92.2%

79.3%

67.2%

85.5%

Unknown

85.4%

87.8%

57.9%

*

75.1%

88.9%

85.2%

77.3%

85.5%

Multi/single status

2 or more locations

86.0%

74.3%

87.7%

90.8%

92.1%

82.9%

86.2%

85.9%

1 location only

66.3%

55.7%

81.3%

85.5%

88.4%

82.4%

64.5%

86.9%

Percent full-time employees

Less than 25%

70.7%

37.8%

63.5%

79.4%

82.0%

90.6%

51.4%

86.9%

25-49 %

76.0%

37.2%

75.8%

82.5%

93.1%

92.9%

54.6%

92.3%

50-74 %

72.9%

50.0%

80.6%

84.3%

94.3%

91.7%

59.7%

91.7%

75% or more

74.8%

59.3%

83.6%

88.8%

91.6%

78.6%

68.6%

83.9%

Union presence

No union employees

74.1%

56.0%

82.4%

87.5%

91.8%

85.8%

65.9%

88.4%

Has union employees

70.6%

49.2%

69.6%

81.8%

88.7%

70.3%

61.2%

73.5%

Unknown

83.9%

67.0%

71.9%

91.3%

89.7%

84.4%

71.5%

84.9%

Percent low wage employees

50% or more low wage

78.0%

45.1%

80.6%

86.9%

93.2%

90.2%

59.6%

90.8%

Less than 50% low wage

73.2%

58.1%

82.1%

87.3%

90.8%

78.8%

67.1%

83.6%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.

Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.

* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.

United States

0.71%

1.43%

1.14%

0.87%

0.51%

1.06%

1.03%

0.63%

Industry group **

Agric., fish., forest.

5.47%

5.12%

18.30%

14.82%

18.26%

23.83%

6.74%

3.71%

Mining and manufacturing

1.24%

4.02%

1.55%

1.55%

1.35%

2.08%

1.84%

1.02%

Construction

2.36%

2.92%

3.68%

1.97%

3.71%

8.66%

2.50%

4.02%

Utilities and transp.

1.86%

4.48%

5.22%

1.35%

1.95%

3.37%

3.38%

2.53%

Wholesale trade

2.45%

5.71%

4.13%

2.93%

3.15%

4.22%

3.64%

2.67%

Fin. svs. and real estate

1.11%

2.69%

4.04%

2.16%

0.82%

1.94%

1.73%

1.42%

Retail trade

0.76%

2.41%

2.41%

1.09%

1.16%

1.04%

1.38%

0.88%

Professional services

1.48%

2.72%

2.21%

2.01%

1.01%

3.46%

1.71%

1.60%

Other services

0.83%

1.56%

2.73%

2.15%

1.43%

1.40%

1.22%

0.92%

Ownership

For profit, incorporated

0.84%

1.69%

1.23%

1.17%

0.61%

1.04%

1.26%

0.70%

For profit, unincorporated

1.14%

2.25%

3.51%

2.48%

2.22%

2.10%

1.69%

1.29%

Nonprofit

1.24%

3.18%

4.47%

2.28%

1.41%

3.23%

2.28%

1.19%

Age of firm

Less than 5 years

1.46%

2.45%

3.15%

2.83%

3.70%

2.70%

1.78%

2.62%

5-9 years

2.03%

3.01%

3.20%

2.10%

3.69%

4.65%

2.29%

2.52%

10-19 years

1.25%

1.86%

3.15%

2.25%

1.69%

3.52%

1.31%

1.42%

20 or more years

1.07%

2.10%

2.08%

0.92%

0.62%

1.57%

1.39%

1.01%

Unknown

1.32%

20.93%

18.85%

*

12.21%

1.23%

1.49%

13.73%

1.29%

Multi/single status

2 or more locations

0.66%

7.55%

1.70%

1.25%

0.57%

1.06%

1.05%

0.75%

1 location only

1.01%

1.47%

1.23%

1.07%

0.97%

3.16%

1.09%

0.76%

Percent full-time employees

Less than 25%

2.10%

6.29%

7.69%

3.95%

3.07%

1.72%

3.48%

1.68%

25-49 %

2.36%

5.18%

5.05%

3.76%

1.65%

1.62%

3.53%

1.42%

50-74 %

1.28%

2.50%

3.11%

1.78%

1.91%

1.35%

2.13%

0.92%

75% or more

0.82%

1.49%

0.95%

0.79%

0.51%

1.50%

1.06%

0.83%

Union presence

No union employees

0.68%

1.35%

1.11%

0.83%

0.55%

1.36%

0.91%

0.65%

Has union employees

2.59%

9.00%

8.49%

3.34%

3.34%

3.16%

5.82%

2.55%

Unknown

1.32%

10.06%

14.08%

3.16%

5.27%

1.42%

8.59%

1.22%

Percent low wage employees

50% or more low wage

1.16%

2.97%

2.99%

1.98%

0.63%

1.55%

2.36%

1.05%

Less than 50% low wage

0.72%

1.48%

0.93%

0.90%

0.70%

1.20%

0.99%

0.67%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.

Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.

* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.