| Characteristics | Pretax Contributions | Flexible Spending Account | Flexible Benefits Plans |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 32.2% | 20.4% | 15.2% |
| Firm size | |||
| Less than 50 employees | 13.5% | 5.2% | 3.8% |
| 50+ employees | 87.8% | 65.9% | 49.1% |
| Less than 10 employees | 7.4% | 3.2% | 2.1% |
| 10-24 employees | 28.4% | 9.9% | 7.1% |
| 25-99 employees | 56.2% | 21.5% | 18.2% |
| 100-999 employees | 83.8% | 49.9% | 40.1% |
| 1000+ employees | 93.9% | 80.3% | 58.5% |
| Industry group ** | |||
| Agric., fish., forest. | 7.3% | 3.6% | 2.7% * |
| Mining and manufacturing | 37.4% | 20.0% | 15.3% |
| Construction | 15.3% | 6.0% | 4.9% |
| Utilities and transp. | 37.4% | 23.5% | 14.7% |
| Wholesale trade | 42.1% | 23.3% | 20.5% |
| Fin. svs. and real estate | 44.2% | 34.1% | 24.8% |
| Retail trade | 38.2% | 24.4% | 20.4% |
| Professional services | 34.2% | 23.1% | 16.1% |
| Other services | 25.0% | 14.2% | 10.1% |
| Ownership | |||
| For profit, incorporated | 34.5% | 22.0% | 16.5% |
| For profit, unincorporated | 22.5% | 12.0% | 9.6% |
| Nonprofit | 39.6% | 30.8% | 19.9% |
| Age of firm | |||
| Less than 5 years | 10.8% | 4.0% | 3.4% |
| 5-9 years | 14.0% | 6.4% | 4.2% |
| 10-19 years | 19.2% | 8.3% | 7.0% |
| 20 or more years | 49.4% | 34.6% | 25.4% |
| Multi/single status | |||
| 2 or more locations | 83.2% | 62.4% | 46.6% |
| 1 location only | 14.0% | 5.4% | 4.0% |
| Percent full-time employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 12.1% | 7.4% | 5.5% |
| 25-49 % | 36.1% | 20.7% | 17.5% |
| 50-74 % | 27.9% | 16.1% | 13.0% |
| 75% or more | 37.8% | 24.8% | 17.9% |
| Union presence | |||
| No union employees | 29.9% | 17.9% | 13.5% |
| Has union employees | 69.3% | 61.1% | 41.7% |
| Percent low wage employees ** | |||
| 50% or more low-wage | 26.5% | 15.6% | 12.4% |
| Less than 50% low-wage | 34.0% | 22.0% | 16.1% |
| Percent women employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 23.5% | 13.0% | 8.9% |
| 25-49 % | 48.2% | 31.7% | 24.6% |
| 50-74 % | 38.4% | 26.2% | 19.5% |
| 75% or more | 28.5% | 18.1% | 13.8% |
| Percent age 50 or older employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 30.0% | 17.2% | 13.0% |
| 25-49 % | 54.7% | 38.8% | 28.6% |
| 50-74 % | 30.2% | 18.7% | 14.8% |
| 75% or more | 9.0% | 6.1% | 3.4% |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.
* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.
** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.
| Characteristics | Pretax Contributions | Flexible Spending Account | Flexible Benefits Plans |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 0.35% | 0.30% | 0.28% |
| Firm size | |||
| Less than 50 employees | 0.42% | 0.28% | 0.23% |
| 50+ employees | 0.46% | 0.68% | 0.78% |
| Less than 10 employees | 0.47% | 0.32% | 0.26% |
| 10-24 employees | 1.13% | 0.75% | 0.60% |
| 25-99 employees | 1.05% | 0.86% | 0.81% |
| 100-999 employees | 0.92% | 1.18% | 1.16% |
| 1000+ employees | 0.51% | 0.85% | 1.11% |
| Industry group ** | |||
| Agric., fish., forest. | 1.48% | 0.92% | 1.04% * |
| Mining and manufacturing | 2.06% | 1.31% | 1.14% |
| Construction | 1.15% | 0.84% | 0.75% |
| Utilities and transp. | 2.86% | 2.20% | 1.64% |
| Wholesale trade | 2.27% | 1.62% | 1.59% |
| Fin. svs. and real estate | 1.60% | 1.42% | 1.29% |
| Retail trade | 1.37% | 1.15% | 1.07% |
| Professional services | 0.94% | 0.78% | 0.62% |
| Other services | 0.80% | 0.62% | 0.52% |
| Ownership | |||
| For profit, incorporated | 0.49% | 0.41% | 0.37% |
| For profit, unincorporated | 0.84% | 0.61% | 0.55% |
| Nonprofit | 1.55% | 1.38% | 1.09% |
| Age of firm | |||
| Less than 5 years | 0.95% | 0.56% | 0.51% |
| 5-9 years | 0.95% | 0.78% | 0.49% |
| 10-19 years | 0.90% | 0.64% | 0.57% |
| 20 or more years | 0.64% | 0.55% | 0.51% |
| Multi/single status | |||
| 2 or more locations | 0.63% | 0.75% | 0.80% |
| 1 location only | 0.41% | 0.28% | 0.23% |
| Percent full-time employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.78% | 0.60% | 0.51% |
| 25-49 % | 1.60% | 1.30% | 1.22% |
| 50-74 % | 1.18% | 0.90% | 0.86% |
| 75% or more | 0.55% | 0.46% | 0.41% |
| Union presence | |||
| No union employees | 0.37% | 0.31% | 0.28% |
| Has union employees | 2.61% | 2.51% | 2.23% |
| Percent low wage employees ** | |||
| 50% or more low-wage | 0.82% | 0.66% | 0.62% |
| Less than 50% low-wage | 0.46% | 0.38% | 0.34% |
| Percent women employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.68% | 0.52% | 0.39% |
| 25-49 % | 1.34% | 1.15% | 1.09% |
| 50-74 % | 0.99% | 0.87% | 0.75% |
| 75% or more | 0.81% | 0.62% | 0.58% |
| Percent age 50 or older employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.61% | 0.48% | 0.41% |
| 25-49 % | 1.03% | 0.93% | 0.85% |
| 50-74 % | 1.21% | 0.93% | 0.91% |
| 75% or more | 0.81% | 0.69% | 0.53% |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.
* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.
** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.