| Characteristics | Pretax Contributions | Flexible Spending Account | Flexible Benefits Plans |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 37.5% | 25.0% | 18.5% |
| Firm size | |||
| Less than 50 employees | 14.3% | 5.6% | 3.9% |
| 50+ employees | 90.2% | 68.9% | 51.8% |
| Less than 10 employees | 7.2% | 3.3% | 2.0% |
| 10-24 employees | 29.8% | 10.1% | 6.7% |
| 25-99 employees | 58.3% | 22.7% | 20.1% |
| 100-999 employees | 85.3% | 48.5% | 42.2% |
| 1000+ employees | 96.3% | 84.8% | 60.7% |
| Industry group ** | |||
| Agric., fish., forest. | 8.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% |
| Mining and manufacturing | 40.5% | 23.1% | 18.1% |
| Construction | 18.8% | 7.5% | 6.3% |
| Utilities and transp. | 44.4% | 25.7% | 19.7% |
| Wholesale trade | 44.8% | 27.9% | 20.6% |
| Fin. svs. and real estate | 51.6% | 43.2% | 34.9% |
| Retail trade | 47.1% | 32.7% | 22.5% |
| Professional services | 38.3% | 26.9% | 18.1% |
| Other services | 29.2% | 16.2% | 13.1% |
| Ownership | |||
| For profit, incorporated | 40.1% | 26.9% | 20.1% |
| For profit, unincorporated | 25.3% | 15.0% | 12.1% |
| Nonprofit | 46.6% | 33.6% | 22.1% |
| Age of firm | |||
| Less than 5 years | 9.1% | 4.4% | 3.9% |
| 5-9 years | 14.3% | 5.6% | 4.5% |
| 10-19 years | 22.0% | 9.7% | 7.9% |
| 20 or more years | 58.0% | 42.0% | 30.6% |
| Multi/single status | |||
| 2 or more locations | 88.0% | 67.6% | 50.4% |
| 1 location only | 15.0% | 6.0% | 4.3% |
| Percent full-time employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 12.3% | 6.6% | 5.7% |
| 25-49 % | 37.0% | 23.9% | 15.7% |
| 50-74 % | 36.5% | 25.1% | 15.3% |
| 75% or more | 43.2% | 29.0% | 22.3% |
| Union presence | |||
| No union employees | 35.4% | 22.4% | 16.8% |
| Has union employees | 73.9% | 67.9% | 48.3% |
| Percent low wage employees ** | |||
| 50% or more low-wage | 28.8% | 18.5% | 14.1% |
| Less than 50% low-wage | 40.2% | 27.0% | 19.9% |
| Percent women employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 25.1% | 13.1% | 10.1% |
| 25-49 % | 54.7% | 38.8% | 29.2% |
| 50-74 % | 45.3% | 32.6% | 23.6% |
| 75% or more | 34.2% | 23.2% | 17.2% |
| Percent age 50 or older employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 33.5% | 19.4% | 14.4% |
| 25-49 % | 62.4% | 48.1% | 36.2% |
| 50-74 % | 32.8% | 20.6% | 14.2% |
| 75% or more | 10.7% | 5.9% | 4.6% |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.
** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.
| Characteristics | Pretax Contributions | Flexible Spending Account | Flexible Benefits Plans |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 0.36% | 0.33% | 0.33% |
| Firm size | |||
| Less than 50 employees | 0.44% | 0.30% | 0.24% |
| 50+ employees | 0.41% | 0.67% | 0.83% |
| Less than 10 employees | 0.49% | 0.34% | 0.26% |
| 10-24 employees | 1.16% | 0.74% | 0.61% |
| 25-99 employees | 1.14% | 0.95% | 0.91% |
| 100-999 employees | 0.93% | 1.30% | 1.31% |
| 1000+ employees | 0.38% | 0.75% | 1.14% |
| Industry group ** | |||
| Agric., fish., forest. | 1.88% | 0.53% | 0.56% |
| Mining and manufacturing | 2.19% | 1.63% | 1.35% |
| Construction | 1.31% | 0.83% | 0.85% |
| Utilities and transp. | 3.16% | 2.27% | 1.97% |
| Wholesale trade | 2.35% | 1.97% | 1.50% |
| Fin. svs. and real estate | 1.69% | 1.61% | 1.56% |
| Retail trade | 1.48% | 1.34% | 1.18% |
| Professional services | 0.98% | 0.88% | 0.74% |
| Other services | 0.93% | 0.69% | 0.63% |
| Ownership | |||
| For profit, incorporated | 0.50% | 0.45% | 0.44% |
| For profit, unincorporated | 0.96% | 0.78% | 0.76% |
| Nonprofit | 1.72% | 1.49% | 1.17% |
| Age of firm | |||
| Less than 5 years | 0.83% | 0.72% | 0.64% |
| 5-9 years | 1.06% | 0.61% | 0.55% |
| 10-19 years | 0.93% | 0.63% | 0.51% |
| 20 or more years | 0.64% | 0.61% | 0.60% |
| Multi/single status | |||
| 2 or more locations | 0.49% | 0.70% | 0.84% |
| 1 location only | 0.43% | 0.29% | 0.24% |
| Percent full-time employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.82% | 0.69% | 0.58% |
| 25-49 % | 1.71% | 1.50% | 1.22% |
| 50-74 % | 1.41% | 1.23% | 0.98% |
| 75% or more | 0.55% | 0.49% | 0.48% |
| Union presence | |||
| No union employees | 0.38% | 0.34% | 0.33% |
| Has union employees | 2.36% | 2.38% | 2.49% |
| Percent low wage employees ** | |||
| 50% or more low-wage | 0.89% | 0.80% | 0.70% |
| Less than 50% low-wage | 0.48% | 0.42% | 0.41% |
| Percent women employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.70% | 0.54% | 0.48% |
| 25-49 % | 1.31% | 1.25% | 1.19% |
| 50-74 % | 1.06% | 0.96% | 0.86% |
| 75% or more | 0.92% | 0.79% | 0.70% |
| Percent age 50 or older employees | |||
| Less than 25% | 0.67% | 0.56% | 0.50% |
| 25-49 % | 0.97% | 0.94% | 0.94% |
| 50-74 % | 1.34% | 1.13% | 0.90% |
| 75% or more | 0.90% | 0.58% | 0.55% |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Note: Definitions and descriptions of the methods used for this survey can be found in the Technical Appendix.
** Definitions of industry groups and low-wage employees changed in 2000. These data are not comparable to IC data prior to 2000. See Technical Appendix.