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MEPS HC-176: 2015 Jobs File

February 2017

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
(301) 427-1406

Table of Contents

A. Data Use Agreement
B. Background
1.0 Household Component
2.0 Medical Provider Component
3.0 Survey Management and Data Collection
C. Technical and Programming Information
1.0 General Information
2.0 Data File Information
2.1 Codebook Structure
2.2 Reserved Codes
2.3 Codebook Format
2.4 Variable Source and Naming Conventions
3.0 Longitudinal Analysis
3.1 Using MEPS Data for Trend Analysis
D. Variable-Source Crosswalk
Appendix 1. Sample SAS Program

A. Data Use Agreement

Individual identifiers have been removed from the micro-data contained in these files. Nevertheless, under sections 308 (d) and 903 (c) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242m and 42 U.S.C. 299 a-1), data collected by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and/or the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) may not be used for any purpose other than for the purpose for which they were supplied; any effort to determine the identity of any reported cases is prohibited by law.

Therefore in accordance with the above referenced Federal Statute, it is understood that:

  1. No one is to use the data in this data set in any way except for statistical reporting and analysis; and

  2. If the identity of any person or establishment should be discovered inadvertently, then (a) no use will be made of this knowledge, (b) the Director Office of Management AHRQ will be advised of this incident, (c) the information that would identify any individual or establishment will be safeguarded or destroyed, as requested by AHRQ, and (d) no one else will be informed of the discovered identity; and

  3. No one will attempt to link this data set with individually identifiable records from any data sets other than the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey or the National Health Interview Survey.

By using these data you signify your agreement to comply with the above stated statutorily based requirements with the knowledge that deliberately making a false statement in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the Federal Government violates Title 18 part 1 Chapter 47 Section 1001 and is punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or up to 5 years in prison.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality requests that users cite AHRQ and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey as the data source in any publications or research based upon these data.

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B. Background

1.0 Household Component

The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) provides nationally representative estimates of health care use, expenditures, sources of payment, and health insurance coverage for the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population. The MEPS Household Component (HC) also provides estimates of respondents’ health status, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, employment, access to care, and satisfaction with health care. Estimates can be produced for individuals, families, and selected population subgroups. The panel design of the survey, which includes 5 Rounds of interviews covering 2 full calendar years, provides data for examining person level changes in selected variables such as expenditures, health insurance coverage, and health status. Using computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) technology, information about each household member is collected, and the survey builds on this information from interview to interview. All data for a sampled household are reported by a single household respondent.

The MEPS-HC was initiated in 1996. Each year a new panel of sample households is selected. Because the data collected are comparable to those from earlier medical expenditure surveys conducted in 1977 and 1987, it is possible to analyze long-term trends. Each annual MEPS-HC sample size is about 15,000 households. Data can be analyzed at either the person or event level. Data must be weighted to produce national estimates.

The set of households selected for each panel of the MEPS HC is a subsample of households participating in the previous year’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The NHIS sampling frame provides a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population and reflects an oversample of Blacks and Hispanics. In 2006, the NHIS implemented a new sample design, which included Asian persons in addition to households with Black and Hispanic persons in the oversampling of minority populations. The linkage of the MEPS to the previous year’s NHIS provides additional data for longitudinal analytic purposes.

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2.0 Medical Provider Component

Upon completion of the household CAPI interview and obtaining permission from the household survey respondents, a sample of medical providers are contacted by telephone to obtain information that household respondents can not accurately provide. This part of the MEPS is called the Medical Provider Component (MPC) and information is collected on dates of visit, diagnosis and procedure codes, charges and payments. The Pharmacy Component (PC), a subcomponent of the MPC, does not collect charges or diagnosis and procedure codes but does collect drug detail information, including National Drug Code (NDC) and medicine name, as well as date filled and sources and amounts of payment. The MPC is not designed to yield national estimates. It is primarily used as an imputation source to supplement/replace household reported expenditure information.

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3.0 Survey Management and Data Collection

MEPS HC and MPC data are collected under the authority of the Public Health Service Act. Data are collected under contract with Westat, Inc. (MEPS HC) and Research Triangle Institute (MEPS MPC). Data sets and summary statistics are edited and published in accordance with the confidentiality provisions of the Public Health Service Act and the Privacy Act. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) provides consultation and technical assistance.

As soon as data collection and editing are completed, the MEPS survey data are released to the public in staged releases of summary reports, micro data files, and tables via the MEPS Web site: meps.ahrq.gov. Selected data can be analyzed through MEPSnet, an on-line interactive tool designed to give data users the capability to statistically analyze MEPS data in a menu-driven environment.

Additional information on MEPS is available from the MEPS project manager or the MEPS public use data manager at the Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 (301-427-1406).

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C. Technical and Programming Information

Section C of this document offers a brief overview of the data provided in MEPS public use release HC-176, as well as the content and structure of the codebook, reserved code values, and variable naming conventions. It is followed by Section D containing the Variable-Source Crosswalk, and Appendix 1 containing sample SAS program code. A copy of the survey instrument used to collect the information on this file is available on the MEPS web site: meps.ahrq.gov.

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1.0 General Information

In the Employment section, MEPS collects complete job-related information in the round in which a job is first reported. While they vary by job type (see Section 2.0), the data reported for a job in its first survey round may include earnings by type (gross salary, tips, etc.), start and stop dates, hours and weeks worked, establishment size and industry, occupation, presence of retirement and other benefits, self-employment versus other status, temporary or seasonal situations, and health insurance availability. Minimal data updates are available for later rounds in which the job continues.

Each Full-Year Jobs file contains job records from two MEPS panels. The 2015 Jobs file provided in this release, MEPS HC-176, contains job-level information collected in Rounds 3 through 5 for the nineteenth panel and Rounds 1 through 3 for the twentieth panel of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (i.e., the rounds for the MEPS panels covering calendar year 2015), as illustrated below.

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Calendar
2014 through 2016

This image illustrates that 2015 data were collected in Rounds 3, 4, and 5 of Panel 19, and Rounds 1, 2, and 3 of Panel 20.

In order to obtain complete information for a job, users must note the round in which the job is first reported. This is because MEPS collects complete Jobs information in that round only, as noted above.

For the first year panel, in this case Panel 20, data from Rounds 1, 2, and 3 are included in the 2015 Jobs file. Complete information for any Panel 20 job is available, whether that job was first reported in Round 1, 2, or 3. This is the case for any first year panel (the panel that began its first year of interviewing in the given year) in a Full-Year Jobs file.

For the second year panel (the panel that continued with its second year of interviewing in the given year), in this case Panel 19, data from Rounds 3, 4, and 5 are included in this file. If the Round 3, 4, or 5 job continued from Round 1 or Round 2, users must look back to the Jobs file from the previous year (2014) to obtain complete information for the job. Appendix 1 includes sample SAS code to assist users in obtaining this information. Users should note that, because of differences in sample composition between the current year and the previous year files (i.e., a person was included in the previous year’s delivery but not the current year or vice versa), or because more accurate information was received in Round 4 or Round 5 comments following the delivery of the Rounds 1 – 3 Jobs records in the previous year, there occasionally may not be a corresponding Round 1 or Round 2 job in the previous year file.

This file is being released as a research file and has undergone the standard quality control procedures usually performed on MEPS data files. The file includes a total of 60,674 records, with each record representing a unique job for a person by round. This file presents information about jobs starting on or before 12/31/2015 only. The 2016 Jobs file release will present information on Panel 20 jobs starting in 2016.

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2.0 Data File Information

Jobs Records

Each record in the 2015 Jobs file represents one job reported by a person in a round. The unique record identifier is the variable JOBSIDX, which comprises a person identifier (DUID + PID), a round identifier (RN), and a job number (JOBSN). A panel indicator (PANEL) is included on the file to distinguish Round 3 jobs held by Panel 19 persons from Round 3 jobs held by those in Panel 20.

All persons age 16 and older in the MEPS are asked to report on jobs held. Depending on an individual’s job history, these reported jobs may be held:

  • at the interview date,
  • in the round but prior to the interview date, or
  • prior to the round.

Only those persons reporting a job in a round will have a record on the 2015 Jobs file for that round.

Initial Reporting Round

Most persons held only one job at the first interview date – their “Current Main Job.” For persons who held more than one job at the round’s interview date (a current job), respondents were asked to identify the main job. This job was classified as the “Current Main Job” and any other simultaneously held job was classified as a “Current Miscellaneous Job.” The MEPS also obtained some information on any former job (Former Main Job or Former Miscellaneous Job) held in the reference period but not at the interview date. For those persons neither working at the interview date nor earlier in the reference period, limited information on the last job the person held was collected. Additionally, for those persons age 55 or older who were identified as having retired from a job, the MEPS obtained some job-level information (Retirement Job).

The variable SUBTYPE indicates the type of job record - current main (1), current miscellaneous (2), former main (3), former miscellaneous (4), last job outside reference period (5), or retirement job (6). When a job is initially reported, MEPS asks for detailed information about any “Current Main Job” and “Current Miscellaneous Job” and basic information about other job types. Refer to the questionnaire to see which information was asked for each job type. It is important to note that the retirement job classification in the variable SUBTYPE is independent of any retirement response in the following variables:

  • YLEFT, which relates to the question why a person left a previous job;

  • YNOBUSN, which relates to the question why a person no longer has a self-employed business;

  • WHY_LEFT, which relates to the question why a person left a job in the current round.

Job Updates and Inapplicable (-1) Values

The MEPS used dependent interviewing in Rounds 3, 4, and 5 for Panel 19 and in Rounds 2 and 3 for Panel 20 (see section RJ in the Employment section of the questionnaire). In these rounds, the MEPS asked about current main and current miscellaneous jobs held at the previous round interview date to determine whether the jobholder continued to work at these jobs. For other job types (former, last, or retirement) reported in the previous round, MEPS does not ask any follow-up questions. These jobs, by definition, are no longer held by the person and therefore are not included on the file except in the round they are first reported.

With dependent interviewing, if a person still held a Current Main Job from the previous round, the MEPS asked whether the job was still the main job. For most jobholders, it was reported that they still worked at the same job and it was still their main job. If, in a subsequent interview, a job was no longer held, it was designated as a former job for that follow-up round. It is also possible, although unusual, for a job to change from main to miscellaneous (or vice versa) in a round subsequent to the initial report.

If job status remained the same for a continuing job (either main or miscellaneous), the MEPS asked only a subset of the employment questions as a review. Because the MEPS asked only this subset of questions if job status for a person did not change in later rounds, many job-level variables on the subsequent round’s job records are coded as inapplicable (-1); the complete information is on the record for the job in the first round in which it was reported. Thus, it is important to determine whether a job in a subsequent round continues from the previous round when working with the job records. In rounds where this applies, the variables STILLAT (for jobs that were current main in the previous round) and STILLWRK (for jobs that were current miscellaneous in the previous round) indicate whether a person still holds the job at the subsequent round interview date. The variable SUBTYPE on the subsequent round record indicates whether the job is main or miscellaneous in that subsequent round. Note that if a Panel 19 job included in this 2015 file is continued from a Round 1 or 2 job, much of the information will be contained in the 2014 Jobs file (HC-166). Use that file to obtain the desired job characteristics. Appendix 1 provides a sample SAS program showing how to do this.

Any new job reported in a round following the initial interview is collected the same way as in the first interview round.

Variables that relate only to the review of a job reported in a previous round (Y_CHANGE, MAIN_JOB, OFFTAKEI, NOWTAKEI, WHY_LEFT, STILLAT, STILLWRK, DIFFWAGE, WORKSTAT, ESTBTHRU, INSESTB) were not asked in Round 1, and these variables are coded as inapplicable (-1) on a Jobs record for the round in which the job is initially reported.

Exceptions to the Inapplicable (-1) Rule

Unlike the situation explained above for most variables on the file, for certain variables a value other than inapplicable (-1) does not necessarily mean that a job is newly reported. There are two distinct situations in which this special treatment is used, due to internal processing needs.

In the first situation, questions related to the affected variables are skipped over as inapplicable (-1) during the interview in rounds subsequent to the one in which the job was initially reported, but have their originally reported response carried forward from round to round. This group includes the following 14 variables: EMPLINS, HRSPRWK, HRS35WK, JOBTYPE, JSTRTY, JSTRTM, MORELOC, NUMEMPS, OFFRDINS, PROVDINS, TYPEEMPL, JOBHASHI, HRSALBAS, and RETIRJOB.

In the other situation, there are certain questions that are asked during the review of a job in rounds following the round in which the job was initially reported. If there is no change based on the review, the value for the affected variable is copied forward from the previous round. If there is a change, the variable is updated to reflect the new information. These five variables are: JSTOPY, NOWTAKEI, OFFTAKEI, SUBTYPE, and TOTLEMP.

Variables related to earnings (such as HRLYWAGE, GROSSPAY, SALARIED) are treated similarly to the five variables just discussed. In the review section, the MEPS attempted to obtain information regarding changes in wages for the same job from round to round. If there were no wage changes (indicated by the DIFFWAGE variable), then the most recent round’s information was carried forward. If changes were recorded, then the relevant variables were updated. For every new job reported for a person, the MEPS attempted to obtain current wage information.

Top-Coding, Editing, and Confidentiality

For reasons of confidentiality, earnings variables on the file were top-coded. The earnings variables include HRLYWAGE, BONSAMT, COMMAMT, TIPSAMT, DAYWAGE, WKLYAMT, GROSSPAY, and MAKEAMT. A value of ‘-10’ for one of these variables on a record indicates that the variable had a positive value and that the hourly rate for that earnings variable for the record was greater than or equal to $80.00. Beginning in 2005, the process by which the top-code value for the Jobs file is derived incorporates the wage top-code process used in the Full-Year Use file top-coding process. The purpose of this change in top-coding procedures is to ensure confidentiality for each person across files.

Beginning with the 2004 Use file process, top-coding was changed to consider updated wages in any round – that is, in addition to using wages from the first report of a Current Main Job, updated wages from that job reported in any subsequent round are also included in deriving the top-code value. On the Use file, any person who has a wage in any round that is greater than or equal to the top-code value will have all wages top-coded, regardless of round. And any person whose wages are top-coded on the Full-Year 2015 Use file has all wages on all jobs top-coded in the 2015 Jobs file.

Moreover, because other jobs where wages are reported are included in the 2015 Jobs file but not summarized in the Full-Year 2015 Use file (i.e., newly reported former main jobs and current/former miscellaneous jobs), and these wages may exceed the current year top-code value, wages for these jobs and all jobs belonging to the same jobholder are top-coded on the 2015 Jobs file. In turn, the wages of these persons are top-coded in the Full-Year 2015 Use file as well.

Note too that there are some jobs where respondents indicate that a supplemental wage, such as a commission, tip, or bonus, is greater than or equal to the wage top-code value, but, at that same job, base wage such as the annual salary is not. For these cases, only the tips, commissions, or bonus amounts were top-coded on the job where they are greater than or equal to the wage top-code value. All other wage amounts on all jobs for these persons were left as reported.

For some persons in Panel 19, whose wages were imputed in Round 1 or Round 2 and copied forward into the Full-Year 2015 Use PUF wage variable HRWG31X, the updated Round 3 wage as reported in the 2015 Jobs file may meet or exceed the wage top-code value. For these cases, the main wage at the job is set to ‘-9’ (not ascertained) and all other wage responses remain as reported.

Some wage information was logically edited for consistency. Edits were performed under two circumstances:

  • in some cases where wages reported as less than $1.00 per hour are updated in a subsequent round to greater than $1.00, and the wage increased by a factor of 10 or 100 (for example, if a Round 4 wage is updated to $20.00, the Round 3 wage of $0.20 could logically be updated to $20.00); in some of these cases, additional comments may have also indicated an error
  • in some cases where wages changed substantially from round to round and a keying error was evident (for example, ‘the number of hours on which the salary is based’ is updated from ‘40’ to ‘4’; the ‘4’ could logically be updated to ‘40’)

In all cases that result in an edit, a complete review of wage and employment history is performed; in some cases, comparisons are made to employment at similar establishments within the MEPS as well as to data reported and summarized by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

To further improve the quality of wage reports, beginning in Panel 20 Round 3/Panel 19 Round 5, CAPI prompts the respondent to confirm wages reported in the Employment Wage section if a wage amount falls outside a specified wage range.

Ranges vary depending on the unit of pay as follows:

Unit of Pay Wage Range
PER YEAR $5,000.00 - $200,000.00
PER MONTH $375.00 - $20,000.00
PER 2-WEEK PERIOD $150.00 - $10,000.00
PER WEEK $75.00 - $5,000.00
PER DAY $10.00 - $750.00
PER HOUR $1.00 - $125.00

These changes will be fully reflected on all wage variables in the 2017 Jobs File.

To calculate the hourly rate for earnings types not reported on an hourly basis, the number of hours per week worked and in some cases the number of weeks worked were used in conjunction with the various amounts. These hours and weeks are included on the file along with the reported earnings amounts, but not the calculated hourly rates. (Earnings variables were not reconciled with income data collected elsewhere in the MEPS.)

Also for confidentiality reasons, the establishment size variables NUMEMPS (establishment size for jobs held by wage earners) and TOTLEMP (establishment size for self-employed jobs) were top-coded as ‘-10’ for establishment sizes greater than or equal to 13,000 employees.

It is important to note that the establishment size variable for the self-employed is TOTLEMP, while the establishment size for wage earners can be found in NUMEMPS and ESTMATE1. The variable ESTMATE1 is derived from a question that allowed respondents who did not know the actual establishment size (NUMEMPS) to choose from a number of size ranges.

Beginning in Panel 20 Round 3/Panel 19 Round 5, CAPI no longer accepts a value of ‘0’ at questions EM124 and RJ08B (JOBS.TOTLEMP) where respondents are asked to indicate the total number of employees working at a self-employed business. It should be noted that some persons continue to have a JOBS.TOTLEMP value of ‘0’ due to the CAPI flow and the round in which this change occurs.

Temporary and Seasonal Jobs

Two variables on the file pertain to the temporary and seasonal nature of a person’s main or miscellaneous job. The variable TEMPJOB indicates whether a main or miscellaneous job is temporary (i.e., is a current main job for a limited amount of time or until the completion of a project). The variable SESNLJOB indicates either that a main or miscellaneous job is available only during certain times of the year or that the individual is working throughout the entire year at that job. Teachers and other school personnel who work only during the school year are considered to work year round. Prior to the 2013 Jobs file, the questions related to temporary and seasonal job characteristics were asked both when a current job was initially reported as well as during a review of that job. As of Panel 17 Round 5/Panel 18 Round 3, these questions are asked of newly reported jobs only. These questions are not asked of newly reported former miscellaneous jobs, last jobs outside of reference period, and retirement jobs. These variables are set to inapplicable (-1) for all subsequent rounds.

Health Insurance Data

Questions about employment-related health insurance are asked both when any type of job is newly reported and when any continuing job is reviewed. For main jobs, either newly reported or changing from miscellaneous, the variable that indicates whether insurance is held through that establishment is EMPLINS. For all non-main jobs, the variable JOBHASHI indicates whether insurance is held through that establishment.

For a newly reported job, depending on whether employment-related insurance is held or not, there may be follow-up information gathered which is contained in the following variables:

  • OFFRDINS, which notes if insurance was not held, whether it was offered;
  • DIFFPLNS, which notes if a choice of plans is available where insurance is either offered or held;
  • ANYINS, which notes if insurance coverage is available to any other employees at the establishment in cases where the jobholder does not hold and is not offered coverage.

For a continuing job, when no insurance was held in the round in which the job was first reported but insurance was offered, OFFTAKEI is asked to determine if it is now held in this round. If not, there is no follow-up regarding insurance coverage through that job. When insurance was not previously held nor offered, the follow-up questions in the RJ section relate to the following variables:

  • NOWTAKEI indicates if insurance is now held through the establishment. If not, the jobholder is asked if health insurance was offered (ESTBTHRU).
  • If insurance was not offered, a follow-up question is asked regarding insurance availability to any employees as noted in the variable INSESTB.
  • If insurance was held for a portion of the previous round or the respondent disavows coverage in the Health Insurance section that was previously indicated in the Employment section of the interview, only NOWTAKEI is asked in subsequent rounds.

Skip Patterns

Due to many skip patterns, it is recommended that users of the 2015 Jobs file become familiar with the Employment section in the MEPS questionnaire. To aid users, a crosswalk between variables and MEPS questionnaire numbers is provided in this release. The following examples of variables involved in skip patterns are presented to be illustrative; these examples do not represent the full range of variables affected by questionnaire skip patterns.

In one example of a skip pattern, the MEPS did not obtain job-related benefits such as vacation, sick leave, and pension information for self-employed jobs, so those variables are coded as inapplicable (-1) for those types of jobs. Nor did the MEPS attempt to obtain wage, salary, and information regarding whether the job was in the private sector, federal or local government (TYPEEMPL) for the self-employed. So again, due to the skip pattern, TYPEEMPL is coded as inapplicable (-1) for self-employed jobs.

Conversely, the questions relating to business organization type (BUSINC, PROPRIET) were asked only of the self-employed, so the skip pattern results in those variables being coded inapplicable (-1) for jobs performed by wage earners.

Industry and Occupation Coding

Industry and occupation codes were assigned by professional coders at the Census Bureau based on verbatim descriptions provided by respondents during the survey interview. The codes are determined at a detailed 4-digit level and then collapsed into broader groups on the file to ensure the confidentiality of the records. INDCODEX contains industry information and OCCCODEX contains occupation information. The page on the MEPS website describing the 2015 Jobs file contains a crosswalk between the detailed and collapsed codes for both industry and occupation.

With the 2010 file, the Census Bureau began using 2007 Industry and 2010 Occupation codes, which were developed for the Bureau’s Current Population Survey and American Community Survey. These updated coding schemes incorporate minor changes from the 2003 industry and occupation codes used for the 2002-2009 files; therefore, INDCODEX and OCCCODEX for 2010 and later files will be comparable to those variables on the 2002-2009 files. (Industry and occupation variables for pre-2002 files are not comparable to those for later files.)

This 2015 Jobs file does not include any weights necessary to extrapolate this data to the U.S. population. To make person-level estimates, link to any of the 2015 MEPS files and use the person-level weight for the appropriate panel. The link should be made through the variable DUPERSID. Note that not all persons in the MEPS have positive weights and job records; only those persons who have either a positive person-level or family-level weight in the 2015 Full-Year Person-Level file are included in the 2015 Jobs file.

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2.1 Codebook Structure

For each variable on the 2015 Jobs file, an unweighted frequency is provided in the accompanying codebook file.

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2.2 Reserved Codes

The following reserved code values are used:

Value Definition
-1 INAPPLICABLE Question was not asked due to skip pattern
-7 REFUSED Question was asked and respondent refused to answer question
-8 DK Question was asked and respondent did not know answer
-9 NOT ASCERTAINED Interviewer did not record the data
-10 TOP-CODED VALUE Variable was top-coded for confidentiality, as described above

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2.3 Codebook Format

This codebook describes an ASCII dataset (with related SAS, SPSS, and STATA programming statements and data user information), although the data are also provided in a SAS transport file. The file contains 77 variables and has a logical record length of 227 with an additional 2-byte carriage return/line feed at the end of each record. The following codebook items are provided for each variable:

Identifier Description
Name Variable name (maximum of 8 characters)
Description Variable descriptor (maximum 40 characters)
Format Number of bytes
Type Type of data: numeric (indicated by NUM) or character (indicated by CHAR)
Start Beginning column position of variable in record
End Ending column position of variable in record

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2.4 Variable Source and Naming Conventions

In general, variable names reflect the content of the variable, with an 8-character limitation. Variables contained on this file were derived from the questionnaire itself or from the CAPI. The source of each variable is identified in Section D. Variable-Source Crosswalk. Sources for each variable are indicated in one of two ways:

  1. Variables derived from CAPI or assigned in sampling are so indicated as “CAPI Derived” or “Assigned in Sampling,” respectively;

  2. Variables that come from one or more specific questions have those questionnaire sections and/or question numbers listed in the “Source” column.

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3.0 Longitudinal Analysis

Panel-specific longitudinal files are available for downloading in the data section of the MEPS Web site. For each panel, the longitudinal file comprises MEPS survey data obtained in Rounds 1 through 5 of the panel and can be used to analyze changes over a two-year period. Variables in the file pertaining to survey administration, demographics, employment, health status, disability days, quality of care, health insurance, and medical care use and expenditures were obtained from the MEPS full-year Consolidated files from the two years covered by that panel. For more details or to download the data files, please see Longitudinal Weight Files at meps.ahrq.gov/data_stats/more_info_download_data_files.jsp.

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3.1 Using MEPS Data for Trend Analysis

MEPS began in 1996, and the utility of the survey for analyzing health care trends expands with each additional year of data; however, it is important to consider a variety of factors when examining trends over time using MEPS. Statistical significance tests should be conducted to assess the likelihood that observed trends are not attributable to sampling variation. The length of time being analyzed should also be considered. In particular, large shifts in survey estimates over short periods of time (e.g., from one year to the next) that are statistically significant should be interpreted with caution unless they are attributable to known factors such as changes in public policy, economic conditions, or MEPS survey methodology.

For example, as a result of improved methods for collecting priority conditions data implemented in 2007, prevalence measures prior to 2007 are not comparable to those from 2007 and beyond for many conditions. Users should refer to the documentation for the conditions file (HC-180) for details.

With respect to methodological considerations, in 2013 MEPS introduced an effort to obtain more complete information about health care utilization from MEPS respondents with full implementation in 2014. This effort likely resulted in improved data quality and a reduction in underreporting in FY 2014 and could have some modest impact on analyses involving trends in utilization across years.

There are also statistical factors to consider in interpreting trend analyses. Looking at changes over longer periods of time can provide a more complete picture of underlying trends. Analysts may wish to consider using techniques to smooth or stabilize analyses of trends using MEPS data such as comparing pooled time periods (e.g., 1996-97 versus 2011-2013), working with moving averages or using modeling techniques with several consecutive years of MEPS data to test the fit of specified patterns over time. Finally, researchers should be aware of the impact of multiple comparisons on Type I error. Without making appropriate allowance for multiple comparisons, undertaking numerous statistical significance tests of trends increases the likelihood of concluding that a change has taken place when one has not.

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D. Variable-Source Crosswalk


SURVEY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES - PUBLIC USE

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION SOURCE
JOBSIDX JOBS ID Number CAPI Derived
DUPERSID Sample Person ID (DUID + PID) Assigned in Sampling
DUID Dwelling Unit ID Assigned in Sampling
PID Person Number Assigned in Sampling
RN Round CAPI Derived
JOBSN JOBS Number CAPI Derived
PANEL Panel to which Jobholder Belongs Assigned in Sampling

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EMPLOYMENT VARIABLES - PUBLIC USE

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION SOURCE
JOBTYPE Self-Employed or Work for Someone Else EM05, EM08, EM09, EM11, EM14, EM15, EM18, EM22, EM23, EM24, EM27, EM31, EM32, EM33, EM40, EM44, EM46, EM53, EM57, EM58, EM70, EM74, EM76, EM82, EM85A, EM86, EM87, EM88
JSTRTM Job Start Date – Month EM10OV1-2, EM16OV1-2, EM25OV1-2, EM34OV1-2, EM47OV1-2, EM60OV1-2
JSTRTY Job Start Date – Year EM10, EM16, EM25, EM34, EM47, EM60
JSTOPM Job Stop Date – Month EM35OV1-2, EM48OV1-2, EM61OV1-2, EM66OV1-2, EM89OV1-2, RJ09
JSTOPY Job Stop Date – Year EM35, EM48, EM61, EM66, EM89, RJ09
RETIRJOB Person Retired from This Job EM08, EM09, EM14, EM15, EM22, EM23, EM24, EM31, EM32, EM33, EM44, EM46, EM57, EM58, EM74, EM75, EM76, EM80, EM85A, EM86, EM87, EM88
SUBTYPE Job Sub Type EM and RJ Sections
MAIN_JOB Still Main Job or Business RJ01A
DIFFWAGE Any Change in Wage Amount RJ02
WORKSTAT Full or Part Time RJ04
Y_CHANGE Why Change in Full/Part Time Status RJ05
STILLWRK Still Work at Establishment/Miscellaneous Job RJ06
OFFTAKEI Offered Insurance and Now Take RJ07
NOWTAKEI Now Offered and Take Insurance RJ08, RJ08A
ANYINS Is Insurance Offered To Any Employees? EM115A
WHY_LEFT Reason Why Not at Job Now RJ10
NUMEMPS Establishment Size-Non-Self-Employed Job EM91
ESTMATE1 Categorical Approximate Establishment Size EM92
MORELOC More Than One Location EM93
BUSINC Business Incorporated EM94
PROPRIET Proprietorship or Partnership EM95
TYPEEMPL Employee Type EM96
YLEFT No Job Reason EM101
YNOBUSN Why No Business EM102
HRSPRWK Number of Hours Worked Per Week EM104, EM111
HRS35WK Work at least 35 Hours Per Week EM105
APXHRDAY Approximate # of Hours Worked Per Day EM106
SICKPAY Does Person Have Paid Sick Leave EM107
PAYDRVST Is There Paid Sick Leave for Dr’s Visits EM108
PAYVACTN Does Person Get Paid Vacation EM109
RETIRPLN Does Person Have Pension/Retirement Plan EM110
WKLYAMT Usual Weekly Gross Income EM112
EMPLINS Have Health Insurance through This Job EM113
OFFRDINS Offered Insurance But Chose Not to Take EM114
DIFFPLNS Choice of Different Health Insurance Plans EM115
INUNION Belong to Labor Union at Job EM116
PROVDINS Who Provides Health Insurance EM117
HHMEMBER Any Other HH Member Work at This Business EM122
TOTLEMP Establishment Size-Self-Employed Job EM124, RJ08B
SALARIED Is Person Salaried, Paid by the Hour, etc. EW01
HOWPAID How Is Person Paid EW02
DAYWAGE Person’s Daily Wage Rate EW03
HRSPRDY Number of Hours Person Worked in One Day EW04
MAKEAMT How Much Money Does Person Make EW05
PERUNIT Period for which Person Is Paid EW05OV1
MORE10 Person Makes More or Less than $10/Hour EW08, EW14, EW20
MORE15 Person Makes More or Less than $15/Hour EW09, EW15, EW21
MOREMINM Person Makes More or Less than Minimum Wage EW10, EW16, EW22
GROSSPAY Person’s Salary Before Taxes (Gross) EW11
GROSSPER Period in which Gross Salary Was Earned EW11OV1
SALRYWKS Number of Weeks Per Year on which Salary is Based EW12
EARNTIPS Does Person Earn Tips EW23_01
EARNBONS Does Person Earn Bonuses EW23_02
EARNCOMM Does Person Earn Commission EW23_03
TIPSUNIT Period on which Tip Earnings are Based EW24AOV1
TIPSAMT How Much Are Person’s Tips EW24A
BONSUNIT Period on which Bonuses are Based EW24BOV1
BONSAMT How Much Are Person’s Bonuses EW24B
COMMUNIT Period on which Commissions Are Based EW24COV1
COMMAMT How Much Are Person’s Commissions EW24C
HRLYWAGE How Much Person Makes Per Hour EW07, EW13, EW18
JOBHASHI Does Person Have Health Insurance at This Job EM17, EM26, EM39, EM52, EM69, EM81
STILLAT Still Work at Establishment/Main Job RJ01
ESTBTHRU Offered Insurance, Did Not Take (Review) RJ08AA
SESNLJOB Is Job Seasonal? EM105D, EM111D
TEMPJOB Is Job Temporary? EM105C, EM111C
INSESTB Insur Offered Any Employees (Review)? RJ08AAA
HRSALBAS Hours on which Salary Is Based EW17
INDCODEX Condensed Industry Code EM98
OCCCODEX Condensed Occupation Code EM99, EM100

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Appendix 1: Sample SAS Program (opens a separate file)


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