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MEPS HC-047: 1997 Person Round Plan Public Use File
March 2003
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Center for Cost and Financing Studies

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Data Use Agreement
B. Background
1.0 Household Component
2.0 Medical Provider Component
3.0 Insurance Component
4.0 Survey Management
C. Technical and Programming Information
1.0 General Information
2.0 Data File Description
2.1 Complex File Structure
2.2 Identifiers
2.3 Adding the Characteristics of Covered Persons
2.4 Adding the Policyholder's Characteristics
2.5 Choosing PRPL Records for Your Research Question
3.0 Data File Contents
3.1 ID Variables
3.2 Person Variables
3.3 Policyholder Variables
3.4 Establishment Variables
3.4.1 Employers and Other Establishments
3.4.2 Types of Coverage through the Establishment
3.4.3 Out-of-Pocket Premiums
3.5 Plan Variables
3.5.1 Household Reports of Managed Care
3.5.2 Family Satisfaction with Plan
3.5.3 Change in Plan Name
3.6 Links to Job Providing Insurance
References
D. Variable Source Crosswalk

A. Data Use Agreement

Individual identifiers have been removed from the micro-data contained in the files that are part of this Public Use Release. Nevertheless, under sections 308 (d) and 903 (c) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242m and 42 U.S.C. 299 a-1), data collected by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and /or the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) may not be used for any purpose other than for the purpose for which they were supplied; any effort to determine the identity of any reported cases, is prohibited by law.

Therefore in accordance with the above referenced Federal Statute, it is understood that:

No one is to use the data in this data set in any way except for statistical reporting and analysis; and

If the identity of any person or establishment should be discovered inadvertently, then (a) no use will be made of this knowledge, (b) The Director Office of Management AHRQ will be advised of this incident, (c) the information that would identify any individual or establishment will be safeguarded or destroyed, as requested by AHRQ, and (d) no one else will be informed of the discovered identity.

No one will attempt to link this data set with individually identifiable records from any data sets other than the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey or the National Health Interview Survey.

By using this data you signify your agreement to comply with the above stated statutorily based requirements with the knowledge that deliberately making a false statement in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the Federal Government violates Title 18 Part 1 Chapter 47 Section 1001 and is punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or up to 5 years in prison.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality requests that users cite AHRQ and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey as the data source in any publications or research based upon these data.

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B.Background

This documentation describes one in a series of public use files from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The survey provides a new and extensive data set on the use of health services and health care in the United States.

MEPS is conducted to provide nationally representative estimates of health care use, expenditures, sources of payment, and insurance coverage for the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population. MEPS is cosponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (formerly the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).

MEPS comprises three component surveys: the Household Component (HC), the Medical Provider Component (MPC), and the Insurance Component (IC). The HC is the core survey, and it forms the basis for the MPC sample and part of the IC sample. Together these surveys yield comprehensive data that provide national estimates of the level and distribution of health care use and expenditures, support health services research, and can be used to assess health care policy implications.

MEPS is the third in a series of national probability surveys conducted by AHRQ on the financing and use of medical care in the United States. The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES, also known as NMES-1) was conducted in 1977, the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES-2) in 1987. Beginning in 1996, MEPS continues this series with design enhancements and efficiencies that provide a more current data resource to capture the changing dynamics of the health care delivery and insurance system.

The design efficiencies incorporated into MEPS are in accordance with the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Survey Integration Plan of June 1995, which focused on consolidating DHHS surveys, achieving cost efficiencies, reducing respondent burden, and enhancing analytical capacities. To accommodate these goals, new MEPS design features include linkage with the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), from which the sampled households for the MEPS HC are drawn, and continuous longitudinal data collection for core survey components. The MEPS HC augments NHIS by selecting a sample of NHIS respondents, collecting additional data on their health care expenditures, and linking these data with additional information collected from the respondents’ medical providers, employers, and insurance providers.

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1.0 Household Component

The MEPS HC, a nationally representative survey of the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population, collects medical expenditure data at both the person and household levels. The HC collects detailed data on demographic characteristics, health conditions, health status, use of medical care services, charges and payments, access to care, satisfaction with care, health insurance coverage, income, and employment.

The HC uses an overlapping panel design in which data are collected through a preliminary contact followed by a series of five rounds of interviews over a 2½ - year period. Using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) technology, data on medical expenditures and use for two calendar years are collected from each household. This series of data collection rounds is launched each year on a new sample of households to provide overlapping panels of survey data and, when combined with other ongoing panels, will provide continuous and current estimates of health care expenditures.

The sample of households selected for the MEPS HC is drawn from among respondents to the NHIS, conducted by NCHS. The NHIS provides a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population, with oversampling of Hispanics and blacks.

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2.0 Medical Provider Component

The MEPS MPC supplements and/or replaces information on medical care events reported in the MEPS HC by contacting medical providers and pharmacies identified by household respondents. The MPC sample includes all home health agencies and pharmacies reported by HC respondents. Office-based physicians, hospitals, and hospital physicians are also included in the MPC but may be subsampled at various rates, depending on burden and resources, in certain years.

Data are collected on medical and financial characteristics of medical and pharmacy events reported by HC respondents. The MPC is conducted through telephone interviews and record abstraction.

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3.0 Insurance Component

The MEPS IC collects data on health insurance plans obtained through employers, unions, and other sources of private health insurance. Data obtained in the IC include the number and types of private insurance plans offered, benefits associated with these plans, premiums, contributions by employers and employees, eligibility requirements, and employer characteristics.

Establishments participating in the MEPS IC are selected through four sampling frames:

  • A list of employers or other insurance providers identified by MEPS HC respondents who report having private health insurance at the Round 1 interview.
  • A Bureau of the Census list frame of private sector business establishments.
  • The Census of Governments from Bureau of the Census.
  • An Internal Revenue Service list of the self-employed.

To provide an integrated picture of health insurance, data collected from the first sampling frame (employers and insurance providers) are linked back to data provided by the MEPS HC respondents. Data from the other three sampling frames are collected to provide annual national and State estimates of the supply of private health insurance available to American workers and to evaluate policy issues pertaining to health insurance.

The MEPS IC is an annual panel survey. Data are collected from the selected organizations through a prescreening telephone interview, a mailed questionnaire, and a telephone followup for nonrespondents.

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4.0 Survey Management

MEPS data are collected under the authority of the Public Health Service Act. They are edited and published in accordance with the confidentiality provisions of this act and the Privacy Act. NCHS provides consultation and technical assistance.

As soon as data collection and editing are completed, the MEPS survey data are released to the public in staged releases of summary reports and microdata files. Summary reports are released as printed documents and/or electronic files on the MEPS web site (www.meps.ahrq.gov). All microdata files are available for download from the MEPS web site in compressed formats (zip and self-extracting executable files.) Selected data files are available on CD-ROM from the MEPS Clearinghouse.

For printed documents and CD-ROMs that are available through the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse, write or call:

AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse
Attn: (publication number)
P.O. Box 8547
Silver Spring, MD 20907
800/358-9295
410/381-3150 (callers outside the United States only)
888/586-6340 (toll-free TDD service; hearing impaired only)

Be sure to specify the AHRQ number of the document or CD-ROM you are requesting.

Additional information on MEPS is available from the MEPS web site (www.meps.ahrq.gov)

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C. Technical and Programming Information

1.0 General Information

This public use data file contains data for each person with private health insurance reported in rounds 3, 4, and 5 of Panel 1 and rounds 1, 2, and 3 of Panel 2 (i.e., the rounds for the survey panels covering calendar year 1997) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS HC). Released as an ASCII file with SAS format statements and in SAS transport format, this public use file provides information collected on a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States during the calendar year 1997. The HC-047 file contains records for persons insured through establishments providing hospital/physician, medigap, dental, vision, prescription medication, or long-term care coverage and includes variables pertaining to managed care and satisfaction with plan coverage.

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2.0 Data File Description

The Person-Round-Plan (PRPL) file for 1997 is a complex file of privately insured persons and their private health insurance plans and links to the jobs providing insurance. The PRPL file is designed to facilitate research on the sometimes complex and dynamic relationships between consumers and their private insurance. It is not a person-level file, and linking the PRPL file to a person-level file (such as HC-005 and HC-020) requires users making analytic decisions based on understanding the complexity of the PRPL file.

Records contain the following types of information (Figure 1):

  • Covered person
    • Flags for whether the person is the policyholder or a dependent
    • Whether enrolled at time of interview
    • Months enrolled during the reference period for the interview
  • Interview Round
  • Policyholder
  • Establishment providing insurance
    • Type of establishment (employer, union, insurance agent, etc.)
    • Types of coverage (hospital/physician, medigap, dental, vision, prescription medication, long-term care, COBRA, single or family)1
    • Out-of-pocket premium (only for Panel 2 round 1 and only when either the plan is not through a current employer or union, or the plan is from a previous employer)
  • Plan (for hospital/physician and Medicare supplemental insurance coverage only)
    • Household reports of managed care
    • Family satisfaction with plan (collected for Panel 2, round 2 only)
  • Links to the job providing insurance (for employment-based insurance only, HC-019)

On the records for dependents, variables link to the policyholder= s job providing insurance, rather than the dependent's job.

"Establishment" refers to the organization through which the policyholder obtains private insurance. The establishment may be an employer, a union, an insurance agent, an insurance company, a professional association, or another type of organization. Many questions in the MEPS HC instrument are asked in reference to the establishment providing insurance to the policyholder. For example, the MEPS HC asks about the "types of health insurance" or covered services, such as hospital/physician and dental coverage, the policyholder gets through the establishment.

For each establishment, a "plan" is "the insurance company or Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)" or self-insured company "from which (POLICYHOLDER) receives" hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental (Medigap) coverage. For some focused analyses, it may be important to recognize that information collected at the establishment level does not necessarily pertain to the plan level. For example, if a policyholder obtains from the establishment two separate plans, a hospital/physician plan and a dental plan, then the dental plan may not have the same managed care characteristics as the hospital/physician plan.


1 No effort has been made to validate variables representing type of coverage with external sources.

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2.1 Complex File Structure

The PRPL file is designed to reflect the sometimes complex and dynamic relationships between people and their private insurance. It allows maximum flexibility for researchers, but it also requires that they make analytical decisions in their research.

The PRPL file is a person-round-policyholder-establishment-level file. There is one unique record for each unique combination of establishment (source of private insurance), policyholder, interview round, and covered person (policyholder or dependent). Thus, the PRPL file contains at least one record for each person in each round with private health insurance, or 73,475 total records. The PRPL file contains records for persons insured through establishments providing hospital/physician, medigap, dental, vision, prescription medication, or long-term care coverage.

In most cases in this file, one person in the family has insurance from his or her employer, and this insurance covers everyone in the family. In this case, there is one record for each family member in each round, and each record flags the policyholder= s current main job and links to the one job record in HC-019. However, other cases are more complex, and some hypothetical examples follow.

Multiple Establishments

  • Juan and Maria are both employed parents, both have health insurance through their employers, and both parents choose family coverage. In this case, there are two PRPL records for each family member in each round.
  • John and Jane are both employed parents. John has single coverage from his employer. Jane has family coverage from her employer. In this case, Jane and the children each have one PRPL record for each round. John has two records for each round.
  • Jamie has Medicare and Medicare supplemental insurance. In this case, Jamie has one PRPL record in each round for the Medicare supplemental insurance. There is no record for Medicare, because it is public insurance.
  • Arlene is a child living with her mother. Both have Medicaid. Arlene= s father, who does not live with them, has private insurance that covers Arlene. Arlene has one PRPL record in each round for the private insurance. There is no record for Medicaid, because it is public insurance.

No Private Insurance

  • Paul is uninsured. In this case, Paul does not have any PRPL records.
  • Mary has Medicaid instead of private coverage. In this case, Mary does not have any PRPL records.

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Sources of Insurance: Employers and Other Establishments

  • Dexter is an employed parent with family coverage through his current main job. In this case, each family member= s PRPL record flags Dexter= s current main job as the source of insurance, and each family member= s PRPL record links to that job record in Public Use File (PUF) HC-019.
  • Claire is employed, but she does not have insurance through her job. Instead she buys a plan directly from an HMO. In this case, Claire= s PRPL records do not flag her current main job, nor do they link to any job records in PUF HC-019.
  • Fred has hospital/physician insurance through his employer, and he buys long-term care insurance through an insurance agent. In this case, Fred has two PRPL records, and only the employment-based insurance flags his current main job and links to a job record in PUF HC-019.

Policyholders Not in the Household

  • Edith is a widow and has retiree insurance from her former husband= s former job. In this case, Edith= s PRPL record does not link to any employment information in the MEPS. There is also a PRPL record for Edith= s former husband, where he is flagged as the policyholder and flagged as deceased, but this record does not link to any records on any PUFs.
  • Matilda= s parents are divorced. She lives with her father, but her insurance is through her mother= s job. In this case, Matilda= s PRPL record does not link to any employment information in the MEPS. There is also a PRPL record for Matilda= s mother, where she is flagged as the policyholder and not residing in the Respondent Unit (RU), but this PRPL record does not link to any records on any PUFs.

Changes in Insurance

  • Bob changes jobs between January 1st, 1997 and the date of his MEPS interview, and both jobs provided health insurance. In this case, Bob has two PRPL records for the round. EVALCOVR shows whether one or both plans covered Bob on the interview date.
  • Julie quits her job in round 1 (Panel 2) but pays her previous employer to continue her health insurance while she looks for another job in round 2. In this case, Jane= s round 1 PRPL record flags her current main job as the source of his insurance and links to a job record in PUF HC-019. Julie= s round 2 PRPL record does not flag her current main job as the source of her insurance, but it links to the same job record from round 1. Thus, the jobs variables from round 1 are no longer current in round 2, but the link exists for users.

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2.2 Identifiers

Each record contains the following ID variables:

DUPERSID is the person identifier (either a dependent or a policyholder).

RN is the round of the interview in which the enrollment data were collected.

PHLDRIDX is the person identifier of the policyholder.

ESTBIDX is an ID number for the establishmentB employer, union, insurance company or otherB that is the source of insurance coverage on the record.

EPRSIDX is a combination of ESTBIDX and the PHLDRIDX, and it uniquely identifies the insurance coverage that a policyholder obtains from an individual establishment.

EPCPIDX is a combination of DUPERSID, RN, and EPRSIDX, and it uniquely identifies each record.

JOBSIDX is a combination of the PHLDRIDX a round identifier (RN) and a job number (JOBSN), and it uniquely identifies the policyholder= s job at the establishment that provided insurance (for employment-based coverage).

For each person covered by a policyholder-establishment combination, the PHLDRIDX, ESTBIDX, and EPRSIDX appear on each plan record for that coverage.

A person (DUPERSID) can be listed more than once on this file (1) if they are covered (as a policyholder or a dependent) by insurance policies from more than one establishment, or (2) if they are covered in more than one round. Establishment-policyholder pairs (EPRSIDXs) can be listed more than once (1) if the health plan a policyholder obtains from a given establishment also covers his/her dependents, or (2) if the health plan a policyholder obtains from a given establishment provides coverage in more than one interview round. As noted above, there is a PRPL record for each unique combination of establishment (source of insurance), round, and covered person (policyholder or dependent). The following table presents a hypothetical example that illustrates the relationship between the ID variables on this file.

ESTBIDX

DUPERSID

PHLDRIDX

EPRSIDX

RN

EPCPIDX

JOBSIDX

11

42

42

1142

1

1142142

42101

11

42

42

1142

2

1142242

42201

11

42

42

1142

3

1142342

42301

22

53

53

2253

1

2253153

53101

33

53

53

3353

1

3353153

-1

44

61

61

4461

1

4461161

61101

44

62

61

4461

1

4461162

61101

44

63

61

4461

1

4461163

61101

55

71

71

5571

1

5571171

71102

55

71

71

5571

2

5571271

71102

The first three rows of the table represent a situation where a person (DUPERSID=42) is listed thrice in the PRPL file because she obtains insurance from the same establishment in all three rounds. Since the person is the policyholder, her DUPERSIDX is the same as the PHLDRIDX, which is repeated in the EPRSIDX, EPCPIDX, and JOBSIDX.

The fourth and fifth rows of the table represent a situation where a person (DUPERSID=53) is listed twice in the PRPL file because she obtains insurance from more than one establishment. In this example, the second establishment is not an employer or union, so JOBSIDX is inapplicable (-1).

The sixth, seventh, and eighth rows of the table represent a situation where a policyholder and two dependents obtain coverage through the policyholder= s employer (a unique establishment-policyholder pair, EPRSIDX=4461). The policyholder= s PHLDRIDX appears in the EPRSIDX and the JOBSIDX for all three covered persons.

The last two rows of the table represent a situation where a person is retired and has retiree insurance through a job that ended prior to 1997. In Panel 2, round 1, the respondent reported the job from which the sample member retired, and MEPS does not ask about that job again. However, in each round we ask about the health insurance. So in round 2 the JOBSIDX contains round number 1, when the jobs data were last collected.

Finally, note that EPCPIDX uniquely identifies each record on the file.

In order to conduct person-level analyses, it is necessary to identify all policies that cover each individual either as a policyholder or as a dependent. Since each person in the PRPL file is uniquely identified by the variable DUPERSID, person-level analyses can be conducted by examining all PRPL records containing each DUPERSID.

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2.3 Adding the Characteristics of Covered Persons

The DUPERSID allows you to link on the age, sex, race, health status, or other person-level variables from the other HC files. However, this will result in multiple records per person, and estimates will not be nationally representative unless you use one PRPL record per person or summarize PRPL records to the person level (and use weights)

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2.4 Adding the Policyholder's Characteristics

The PHLDRIDX allows you to link characteristics of the policyholder onto the records of every person covered by the plan. For example, suppose you wanted to study persons whose private employment-based insurance is through an employee working full time at a current main job as of the first interview of 1997 (Panel 2 round 1 or Panel 1 round 3). Then you would select PRPL records matching HC-005 (PUF5FLG=1) where the insurance is through a current main job (CMJINS=1) and [(PANEL97=2 and RN=1) or (PANEL97=1 and RN=3)]. From HC-005, select the DUPERSID and HOUR13 variables and rename DUPERSID to PHLDRIDX. Merge HOUR13 onto the PRPL file by PHLDRIDX.

Some policyholders do not have records on HC-005 or HC-020. These include deceased policyholders and policyholders residing outside the RU. For these policyholders, PUF5FLG and PUF20FLG may be equal to 2, depending on when the policyholder left the RU. All of the covered person records for these establishment-policyholder pairs are flagged with DECPHLDR, OUTPHLDR, or NOPUFLG equal to 1. Deceased policyholders complicate the estimation of nationally representative statistics on active policies. For these establishment-policyholder pairs, users must choose a covered person with a positive weight. However, establishment-policyholder pairs where the policyholder resides outside the RU should not be included in estimates, because this will result in double counting, as RU members covering those outside the RU are already included.

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2.5 Choosing PRPL Records for Your Research Question

In order to produce estimates from the data in this file, researchers must use the person (or family) level weights released in either of two previously released PUFs, HC-005 or HC-020. Researchers must consult the documentation for these PUFs for guidance on creating nationally representative estimates for different time periods.

Note that if there are multiple records per person (DUPERSID) when you merge on weights, you will double count some people, and your estimates will not be nationally representative. There are two solutions: select only one record per person, or aggregate information across PRPL records.

How you develop your analytical file depends on your research question. The PRPL file is designed to help answer a wide variety of research questions. AHRQ cannot anticipate all these questions, so this section provides examples of how to use the PRPL file for three research questions.

How many people were covered by two or more private hospital/physician insurance plans at the end of 1997?

Select the Panel 2 round 3 and Panel 1 round 5 records with PRIVCAT>0 and MSUPINS ne 1 and EVALCOVR=1. Count the number of records for each person (DUPERSID). Create one person-level record for each DUPERSID that has the number of plans (PRPL records). Merge the count variable onto PUF HC-020 and use weights, strata, and PSUs to create nationally representative estimates.

How many people reported private dental coverage from an employer at the end of 1997?

Select the Panel 2 round 3 and Panel 1 round 5 records with DNTLINS=1 and PRIVCAT in (1,4,5) and EVALCOVR=1. Among these records, select one record for each person (DUPERSID). Merge each record onto PUF HC-020 and use weights, strata, and PSUs to create nationally representative estimates.

At the time of the first interview, how many private insurance policies for hospital/physician were not employment-based?

Select the Panel 2 round 1 and Panel 1 round 3 records with PRIVCAT in (2, 3, 99) and EVALCOVR=1. Select one record for each policyholder-establishment pair (EPRSIDX). To have a positive weight for the final count, we recommend choosing the covered person record of the policyholder (PHOLDER=1), unless the policyholder is deceased (DECPHLDR=1), in which case then the researcher should choose a different covered person= s record. Merge each record onto PUF HC-005 and use weights, strata, and PSUs to create nationally representative estimates.

How many people who had private health insurance for hospitals/physicians in January 1996 also had health insurance in December 1997 from the same source?

From the 1997 Person Round Plan file (HC-047), select all the panel 1 round 1 records with PRIVCAT>0 and MSUPINS ≠ 1 and STATUS1=1. Select the DUPERSID and EPRSIDX variables. Then select all the round 5 records with STATUS24=1, and select the EPRSIDX and DUPERSID variables. A successful match between the round 1 and round 5 records is coverage from the same source in both times. A person might, however, have coverage from more than one source in both January and December, so to avoid double counting persons, eliminate any duplicate DUPERSIDs before merging the round 1 and round 5 records. Merge the matches onto PUF HC-023 and use longitudinal weights, strata, and PSUs to create nationally representative estimates.

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3.0 Data File Contents

3.1 ID Variables

In the MEPS Household Component, the definitions of Dwelling Units (DUs) and Group Quarters are generally consistent with the definitions employed for the National Health Interview Survey. The dwelling unit ID (DUID) is a five-digit random ID number assigned after the case was sampled for MEPS. The person number (PID) uniquely identifies all persons within the dwelling unit. The variable DUPERSID is the combination of the variables DUID and PID. The MEPS - HC - PRPL file can be linked to other person-level public use files such as MEPS HC-005: Combined Panel 1, Round 3/Panel 2, Round 1 1997 Population Characteristics by using the DUPERSID.

PHLDRIDX is the person identifier (DUID + PID) of the policyholder of the private health insurance plan. Generally, the characteristics of the policyholder can be linked from other person-level public use files by using the PHLDRIDX to match the DUPERSID on the other files. However, when the policyholder is deceased or resides outside the RU, then there are no person-level variables on public use files (unless the policyholder was alive and resided in the household at some point during the time periods covered by the interviews).

ESTIBIDX is an ID number assigned to place of employment and to sources of insurance.

EPRSIDX is a combination of ESTBIDX and PHLDRIDX. In a few cases, more than one EPRSIDX may identify a policyholder-source of coverage pair, because when an RU splits, for example, through divorce or because a child goes to college, each new RU separately reports insurance information, and hence MEPS cannot determine with certainty whether members in both RUs have the same policy. Although both RUs may report coverage through the same policyholder, the RUs will have different EPRSIDXs and ESTBIDXs. (The RU letter is embedded in the ESTBIDX and EPRSIDX.) For each RU (EPRSIDX), there is a PRPL record for the policyholder as a covered person, but for only one of the EPRSIDX’s (the one in which the policyholder resides) is the policyholder coded as having coverage in the STATUS or EVALCOVR variables.

JOBSIDX is a combination of the PHLDRIDX, a round identifier (RN), and a job number (JOBSN), and it uniquely identifies the policyholder= s job at the establishment that provided insurance (for employment-based coverage). The round identifier imbedded in JOBSIDX is the round in which the job was last reported, which is not necessarily the round in which the insurance was last reported (for example, when the job ended but the insurance continued). JOBSIDX can be used to link on characteristics of the policyholder= s job providing insurance from the Jobs public use file (HC-019).

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3.2 Person Variables

There are four person-level variables. Binary variables indicate whether the person is the policy holder (PHOLDER) or a dependent (DEPNDNT) on the coverage through the establishment. The variable PUF5FLG indicates whether the person has a record on HC-005, and PUF20FLG indicates whether the person has a record on HC-020.

There are 25 person-round-level variables. EVALCOVR is a binary variable indicating whether the person was covered by insurance from the establishment at the time of interview (rounds 4, and 5 of Panel 1 and rounds 1, and 2 of Panel 2) or on December 31 (round 3 of Panel 2 and round 5 of Panel 1). The variables STATUS1-STATUS24 indicate whether the respondent reported the person was covered by insurance from the establishment for at least one day during the month. For Panel 2, STATUS1-STATUS12 represent coverage from January 1997 through December 1997, and STATUS13-24 are inapplicable, because this information is in the 1998 Person Round Plan File. For Panel 1, STATUS13-STATUS24 represent coverage from January 1997 through December 1997, and STATUS1-STATUS12 are inapplicable, because this information is in the 1996 Person Round Plan File (HC-024). Coverage is reported only for the interview reference period. For example, if a person from Panel 2 was first interviewed in February and reported she was covered in January and February, and then in the second interview in August she reported she was covered from March through August, then the PRPL record for the first round will have STATUS1 and STATUS2 set to 1 and the rest set to inapplicable, and the PRPL for the second round will have STATUS3 through STATUS8 set to 1 and the rest set to inapplicable.

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3.3 Policyholder Variables

The values of two variables describing the policyholder do not vary across the records of the persons covered by the plan, regardless of whether the covered person is the policyholder. The variable DECPHLDR indicates the policyholder is deceased. The variable OUTHLDR indicates the policyholder resides outside the RU. In each case, there are no person-level records on the PUFs, even though the PRPL file has a record for the policyholder as a covered-person (that is, a record where PHOLDER=1). The purpose of these flags is to explain any difficulty users may have linking policyholder information onto the PRPL file. These variables do not, however, measure mortality or policyholders= leaving household, which should instead be obtained from the PSTATUS variables on the person-level files. (For example, policyholders who die between rounds 1 (Panel 2) or 3 (Panel 1) and the end of 1997 will have records on HC-005 and HC-020, and PUF5FLG and PUF20FLG will be set to 1.)

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3.4 Establishment Variables

The values of establishment-level variables do not vary across the records of the persons insured through the policyholder-establishment pair.

3.4.1 Employers and Other Establishments

The type of establishment providing coverage (TYPEFLAG) is on the record. For employment-based coverage through both an employer and a union (such as insurance through a labor-management committee), information about only one of the establishments, usually the employer, is on the record. (These cases are identifiable through the PROVDINS variable on the JOBS file.)

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3.4.2 Types of Coverage through the Establishment

The establishments in the PRPL file provide private health insurance covering hospital/physician, Medicare supplemental insurance, dental, vision, prescription medication, or long-term care insurance. The variable PRIVCAT identifies the type of source for hospital and physician or Medicare supplemental insurance. HOSPINSX and MSUPINSX are edited establishment-policyholder flags for whether the policyholder has physician/hospital and medigap coverage, respectively, through the establishment. However, even when PRIVCAT indicates there is either hospital/physician or medigap coverage, both HOSPINSX and MSUPINSX may have missing values. Note also that both HOSPINSX and MSUPINSX may be coded "yes" on the same record. DENTLINS, VISIONIN, PMEDINS, and LTCINS flags indicate the establishment provides coverage for dental care, vision care, prescription medications, and long-term care, respectively. Below are examples of how to use these variables to identify types of insurance:

Identifying Types of Insurance

Variable and Values

Hospital and physician or Medicare supplemental insurance

PRIVCAT in (1,2,3,4,5,99)

Medicare supplemental insurance

MSUPINSX = 1

Hospital and physician insurance

PRIVCAT in (1,2,3,4,5,99) & MSUPINSX ne 1

Dental insurance

DNTLINS = 1

The variable COBRA is a flag for whether the respondent reported the coverage was obtained through the requirements of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1986. This act requires that certain employers allow some former employees to continue their employment-based coverage by paying the employer the premium (U.S. Department of Labor 1999). This flag does not, however, indicate all the coverage through former employers, which can be determined using TYPEFLAG and links to former jobs in the JOBS file. COBRA is set to "yes" if any of the three following conditions are met:

    1. The respondent said insurance from a previous job is the source of coverage and the respondent answered yes to either HP14 or OE14 (depending on when the job ended):
    2. Some employer insurance can be continued after leaving the company by continuing to pay the premium. This is sometimes referred to as a COBRA plan.

      Is (POLICYHOLDER)'s (ESTABLISHMENT) insurance like that?
      Or
      Did that health insurance continue through COBRA?

    3. The respondent said COBRA is the source of insurance through a self-insured firm with firm-size one (HX03)
    4. The respondent said COBRA is the source of insurance not elsewhere reported (HX23)2

COBRA is set to "no" when the insurance was not COBRA coverage. COBRA is set to inapplicable when the coverage was not employment-based, and when the coverage was through a current job. COBRA is set to "not ascertained" for retirement jobs first reported in the employment section in round 1 (EM80), retirement jobs first reported in the employment section for new RU members (EM80), and insurance through unions reported in the insurance section (HX23). In a few cases, self-employed persons with firm size = 1 reported buying coverage through a previous job, and these cases are coded as yes or no, while other insurance through self-employment with firm size = 1 is coded  " inapplicable."

The variable COVTYPIN flags whether coverage was single or family, based on the number of persons covered in the RU, whether the establishment's insurance covers someone outside the household, and whether the policyholder is outside the household. For Panel 2 rounds 1 and 2, and Panel 1 rounds 3 and 4, the number of covered persons was measured at the time of the interview (or end of the reference period). For Panel 2 round 3 and Panel 1 round 5 the number is as of December 31st.


2 In these three cases, the survey was not designed to ascertain whether the coverage was COBRA or not, but the variable is coded as "not ascertained" to help analysts.

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3.4.3 Out-of-Pocket Premiums

The variable OOPPREM is the edited monthly out-of-pocket premium paid by the policyholder for coverage through the establishment for Panel 2 as of round 1 (out-of-pocket premiums for Panel 1 round 1 appear on HC-024), when the establishment was not a current employer or union, coverage was through a self-employed job with firm size 1, or COBRA coverage. OOPELIG flags these covered-person-policyholder-establishment triples. OOPPREM was created using the out-of-pocket amount reported and the frequency of payments (HX61, HX62, and HX620V1):

For the coverage through (ESTABLISHMENT), does anyone in the family pay all of the premium or cost, some of the premium or cost, or none of the premium or cost?

[Do not include the cost of any co-payments, coinsurance or deductibles anyone in the family may have had to pay.]

How much {(do/does)/did} (POLICYHOLDER) pay for the (ESTABLISHMENT) coverage?

PROBE: {Is/Was} that per year, per month, per week, or what?

OOPPREM is coded as zero for those who reported paying none of their premium, which often happened with out-of-household coverage. OOPPREM is coded "inapplicable" when the establishment was a current employer or union, coverage was not through a self-employed job with firm size 1, and not COBRA coverage. Premiums were reported only in round 1 for any given Panel, and in all other rounds OOPPREM is coded "inapplicable." Because information about out-of-pocket premiums was collected only in Panel 2, nationally representative estimates of premiums for this population in 1997 cannot be made using the weights (nor, of course, without the weights).

PREMLEVX shows whether OOPPREM was the full premium or part of it. When the respondent reported they paid some or none of the premium, the variables BYFED BYSTATE BYLOCAL BYSOMGOV BYEMPL BYUNION BYOTHER indicate who paid the rest of the premium.

For all nine variables (PREMLEVX OOPPREM BYFED BYSTATE BYLOCAL BYSOMGOV BYEMPL BYUNION BYOTHER), the same values are reported on the records of each person covered through the establishment, but the policyholder paid only once per establishment-policyholder.

Users should note that a few respondents reported zero, very low, or very high premiums, and some respondents said they paid all or some of their premium but reported an amount of zero. There was no attempt to resolve these inconsistencies, because it is not clear what could be done.

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3.5 Plan Variables

The values of plan-level variables do not vary across the records of the persons insured through the policyholder-establishment pair. The PRPL file contains managed care and satisfaction variables for hospital/physician and Medicare supplemental plans. For all other plans, these variables are set to "inapplicable."

3.5.1 Household Reports of Managed Care

The variable UPRHMO identifies records for HMO coverage when the household respondent reported that the insurance was purchased through an HMO, reported the insurance company was an HMO, or described the plan as an HMO. In all cases the respondent answered a question using the term "HMO." UPRHMO is set to "yes " if any of the three following conditions are met:

  1. If the respondent reported purchasing the insurance directly through an HMO (HX03, HX23)
  2. If the respondent identified the type of insurance company as an HMO (HX49, HX51, HX54)
  3. If the respondent answered yes to the following question (MC01):

Now I will ask you a few questions about how (POLICYHOLDER)'s health insurance through (ESTABLISHMENT) works for non-emergency care.

We are interested in knowing if (POLICYHOLDER)'s (ESTABLISHMENT) plan is an HMO, that is, a Health Maintenance Organization. With an HMO, you must generally receive care from HMO physicians. For other doctors, the expense is not covered unless you were referred by the HMO or there was a medical emergency. Is (POLICYHOLDER)'s (INSURER NAME) an HMO?

UPRHMO is set to "no" when the plan was not an HMO. UPRHMO is set to inapplicable when the plan was not hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental coverage.

The variable UPRMNC identifies records for gatekeeper plans. The household respondent has not identified the plan as an HMO but has identified a characteristic of the plan that requires plan members to sign up with a gatekeeper for all routine care (the exact question is given below). In 1997, this gatekeeper feature was associated with HMO plans and with some Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) plans. Users of the data can decide how to classify these persons. UPRMNC is set to "yes" if the following condition is met:

If the respondent answered "no" to the HMO question (MC01) and "yes" to the following question (MC02):

(Do/Does) (POLICYHOLDER)' s insurance plan require (POLICYHOLDER) to sign up with a certain primary care doctor, group of doctors, or a certain clinic which (POLICYHOLDER) must go to for all of (POLICYHOLDER)'s routine care?

Probe: Do not include emergency care or care from a specialist you were referred to.

UPRMNC is set to "no" when the plan does not require a gatekeeper and when the plan is an HMO. UPRMNC is set to "inapplicable " when the plan is not hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental coverage.

For plans other than HMOs and those with gatekeepers, the variable DRLIST identifies records for plans that the household respondent said had a book or list of doctors. The household respondent has not identified the plan as a PPO but has identified a plan characteristic associated with PPO plans. The respondent was asked MC03:

Is there a book or list of doctors associated with the plan?

If both the following conditions were met:

  1. If the person did not say the plan is an HMO (HX03, HX23, HX49, HX51, HX54, MC01)
  2. If the respondent answered " no" to the gatekeeper question (MC02)

DRLIST is set to "inapplicable" when the plan is not hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental coverage, when the plan is an HMO, or when the plan requires a gatekeeper.

With gatekeepers and lists of doctors, the variable VISTPAYX identifies records for plans that the household respondent said paid for out-of-network visits. The household respondent has not identified the plan as an PPO or a Point of Service (POS) plan but has identified a plan characteristic associated with PPO and POS plans. VISTPAYX has the responses to MC04:

Will (POLICYHOLDER)' s plan pay for any of the costs of visits to doctors who are not associated with (POLICYHOLDER)'s plan, even if (POLICYHOLDER) (do/does) not have a referral?

When both the following conditions are met:

  1. If the person did not say the plan is an HMO (HX03, HX23, HX49, HX51, HX54, MC01)

If the respondent answered "yes" to the gatekeeper question (MC02) or answered "yes" to the list of doctors question (MC03)

VISTPAYX is set to "inapplicable" when the plan is not hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental coverage, when the plan is an HMO, or when the plan does not require a gatekeeper and does not have a list of doctors.

An additional managed care question (MC05) was asked to differentiate between HMOs and POS plans, but due to an error in the skip logic of the questionnaire, the data were not collected for all relevant plans, and this variable will not be publicly released.

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3.5.2 Family Satisfaction with Plan

Satisfaction with Plan questions were asked at round 2 (Panel 2) for families where at least one member was covered by the plan at the time of the round 2 interview. The variable SATELIG indicates whether the policyholder-establishment was eligible for the round 2 Satisfaction with Plan questions. Respondents were eligible for the Satisfaction with Plan questions if someone in the RU was covered by the plan on the date of the interview and the insurance was hospital/physician or Medicare supplemental coverage.

Note that the 1997 Satisfaction with Plan data is limited to Panel 2 round 2, whereas in subsequent years Satisfaction with Plan data were collected from rounds 2 and 4 within the data reference year. The 1997 Satisfaction with Plan variables can not be used to make full-year estimates, but can be useful in longitudinal and trend analyses, or for enhancing subgroup analyses. These variables may be of particular interest because of the 1997 over sample of populations (such as poverty, and people predicted to have high medical expenditures, etc.) where satisfaction issues may be particularly relevant.

The Satisfaction with Plan variables are APPT, CHANPROV, COSTQUAL, CUSTSRV, DIFFREF, PAIDLESS, PLANREF, PLANSAT, RECPLAN, SATAMT, SATCHOIC, SATCOVH, SATCOVMH, SATCOVP, SATCOVPM, SATCS, SATPAPER.

When multiple RU members were covered by the same private plan, the respondent answered the questions once and described satisfaction for the policyholder and family members. These family-level responses are on each round 2 covered person-policyholder-establishment record for the policyholder-establishment and do not vary across covered persons.

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3.5.3 Change in Plan Name

The variable NAMECHNG indicates whether the name of the plan obtained through the establishment changed from the prior round. For Panel 2 rounds 2 and 3 and Panel 1 rounds 3, 4 and 5, NAMECHNG is set to "yes" if someone in the RU had coverage through the establishment in the prior round and still had coverage at the time of the interview, and the respondent answered yes to the following question (OE09, OE23, OE35):

Since (START DATE), has there been any change in the plan name of the health insurance (POLICYHOLDER) has through (ESTABLISHMENT)?

If the respondent answered no, then NAMECHNG is coded no. If no one in the RU had coverage through the establishment in the prior round, no one had coverage at the time of the interview, or it is a round 1 record, then NAMECHNG is set to "inapplicable."

When the respondent answered yes, then MEPS HC asked about types of benefits and managed care, which are updated on the PRPL file.

There are two important caveats to this variable. First, changes in plan name do not necessarily imply the plan itself changed. For example, the plan may have merely changed its name for marketing purposes. Second, the variable NAMECHNG pertains only to changes in plan names at the same establishment; a policyholder may switch plans if she or he switches the establishment (including employer) through which he or she obtains insurance. Switches in EPRSIDs and ESTBIDs between rounds indicate those other types of changes.

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3.6 Links to Job Providing Insurance

For employment-based insurance, there are two variables linking the insurance to details about the jobs through which the insurance was obtained, CMJINS and JOBSIDX.

Most people with employment-based insurance have it through current main jobs. The variable CMJINS indicates whether the insurance is through a current main job. When the insurance is not employment-based, then CMJINS is set to "inapplicable." Generally, many edited and imputed variables describing policyholder's current main jobs are available on HC-005 and HC-020. If CMJINS =1 and the policyholder has a PUF record (PUF5FLG or PUF20FLG), then edited and imputed current main jobs variables are available on the indicated PUF.

For other types of jobs (for example, former jobs), the JOBS files (HC-019 and HC-007) contain edited variables describing the job. JOBSFILE indicates which jobs file contains information about the source of coverage. In most cases, information about the job is in HC-019, but for Panel 1, if the job ended before 1997, information about the job is contained in HC-007. JOBSIDX is the link to the record for the job in the JOBS file that is the source of coverage. This link is slightly complicated, because the variable JOBSINFR indicates links that were inferred, rather than obtained directly from the respondent. Links were inferred because when persons reported employment-based health insurance at the end of the insurance section (HX23), the plan is not always easily linked to a specific job. Most of these cases were directly linked by establishment IDs, but others required inferences based on whether the insurance was through a current or former job (EMPLSTAT), and some could not be linked at all.

The variable EMPLSTAT contains the answers to question HP12, which is asked only about the policyholders of employment-related insurance first mentioned at the end of the insurance section of the interview (HX23), and it is asked only in the interview round where the insurance was first reported. Thus, it is useful only for the cases where links to jobs could not be inferred. Because it does not contain updated information about the policyholder’s employment at each interview, the value is set to -2 in subsequent rounds, and users can link back to the PRPL record from the prior rounds, using the DUPERSID and EPRSIDX, to get the original information.

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References

U.S. Department of Labor. Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration. 1999. Health Benefits under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA). Washington, DC. [Available on-line at: http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/pdf/cobra99.pdf]

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D. Variable Source Crosswalk

VARIABLE TO SOURCE CROSSWALK 
FOR MEPS PUBLIC USE FILE HC-047: 1997 FILE

HEALTH INSURANCE VARIABLES - SOURCE

Variable

Label

Source

PHOLDER

POLICY HOLDER

HP 9, 11

DEPENDNT

DEPENDENT OF POLICY HOLDER

PRIVCAT, PHOLDER

CMJINS

CMJ AS THE SOURCE OF PLAN: 1 YES, 2 NO

PRIVCAT, RJ01A, RJ0189A, EM08, EM14

EVALCOVR

COVERED @ INTERVIEW OR 12/31

HQ1, 2

STATUS1 – STATUS24

STATUS -MONTH 1 through 
STATUS -MONTH 24

HQ1, 2, 3, 4, 5

TYPEFLAG

TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT

HX 3, 23; EM 6, 8, 12, 14, 19, 22, 23, 28, 31, 32, 41, 44, 45, 54, 57, 58, 71, 74, 75, 83, 86, 87, 118, 120

PRIVCAT

CATEGORY OF PRIVATE COVERAGE

HX 2, 3, 23, 48, 61, 63; HP 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16; EM 17, 18, 26, 27, 39, 40, 52, 53, 69, 70, 81, 82, 91, 92, 117

HOSPINSX

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: HOSPITAL/HMO (EDITED)

HX48

MSUPINSX

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: MEDIGAP (EDITED)

HX48

DENTLINS

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: DENTAL

HX48

VISIONIN

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: VISION

HX48

LTCINS

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: LTC-NURSING HOME

HX48

PMEDINS

TYPE OF HI GOTTEN: PRESCRIPTION DRUG

HX48

COBRA

COBRA COVERAGE: 1=YES, 2=NO

HX 3, 23; HP12, 14 ; OE14; EM 8, 9, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 44, 46, 57, 58, 74, 75, 76, 80, 85A, 86, 87, 88; RJ 1A, 189A; PRIVCAT

COVTYPIN

COVERAGE @INTVW: 1=SINGLE, 2=FAMILY

HP 15, 16, 17

OOPELIG

FLAG: POLICYHOLDER ESTB HAS PREMIUM

RN; TYPEFLAG; HX 3, 23; HP14

OOPPREM

MONTHLY OUT-OF-POCKET PREMIUM, R1 (ED)

HX 61, 62

PREMLEVX

HOW MUCH OF PREMIUM PAID BY FAM (ED)

HX 61, 62

BYFED

FEDERAL GOVT PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYSTATE

STATE GOVT PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYLOCAL

LOCAL GOVT PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYSOMGOV

SOME GOVT PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYEMPL

EMPLOYER PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYUNION

UNION PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

BYOTHER

OTHER PAID FOR PRIV PLAN PREMIUM

HX63

UPRHMO

HMO COVERAGE (FROM PRPL)

HX 3, 23, 49_02.TYPE, 50_02.TYPE, 54_02.TYPE; MC 1

UPRMNC

PLAN REQRD COVRD PERS USE GATEKEEPER

MC 2

DRLIST

DOES PLAN HAVE A BOOK/LIST OF DOCTORS?

MC 3

VISITPYX

PLAN PAY FOR NON-HMO, NON-REFER DR VISIT (ED)

MC 4

NAMECHNG

HAS THERE BEEN A CHANGE IN PLAN NAME

OE 9, 23, 35

SATELIG

ELIG. FOR SATIS. PLAN QUEST: 1=YES, 2=NO

PRIVCAT, RN, EVALCOVR

APPT

HOW DIFFICULT TO GET SPECIALIST APPT?

SP 7

CHANPROV

DID HAVE TO CHANGE PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER

SP 5

COSTQUAL

IMPORTANCE COST/QUALITY IN CHOOSING PLAN

SP 15

CUSTSRV

HAS CALLED CUSTOMER SERVICE/ADMIN OFFICE

SP 11

DIFFREF

HOW DIFFICULT TO GET SPECIALIST REFERRAL

SP 6

PAIDLESS

HAS PLAN PAID LESS THAN EXPECTED?

SP 10

PLANREF

PLAN REFUSED TO PAY FOR OR APPROVE CARE

SP 9

PLANSAT

SATISFACTION WITH INSURANCE PLAN

SP 2

RECPLAN

LIKELY TO RECOMMEND PLAN?

SP 3

SATAMT

SATISFIED WITH AMOUNT PAID

SP 14

SATCHOIC

HOW SATISFIED WITH CHOICE OF PROVIDER

SP 4

SATCOVH

HOW SATISFIED WITH HOSPITALIZATION?

SP 8_02

SATCOVMH

HOW SATISFIED WITH MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE

SP 8_04

SATCOVP

HOW SATISFIED W/ PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE?

SP 8_01

SATCOVPM

HOW SATISFIED WITH PRESCRIPTION MEDS?

SP 8_03

SATCS

HAS CALLED CUSTOMER SERVICE/ADMIN OFFICE

SP 12

SATPAPER

SATISFIED W/ AMOUNT/DIFFICULTY PAPERWORK

SP 13

EMPLSTAT

POLICYHOLDER EMPLOYMENT STATUS

HP 12


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