Research Findings #38: Dental Services: Use, Expenses, Source of Payment, Coverage and Procedure Type, 1996-2015
Richard J. Manski, DDS, MBA, PhD and Frederick Rohde, MA, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
This report presents data from the 1996 through 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) describing dental use, expenses, source of payments, coverage and procedure
type for the U.S civilian noninstitutionalized (community) population. MEPS is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Estimates are presented
for the total population as well as for specific population groups categorized in terms of sex, race/ethnicity, age, income, dental insurance coverage, employment, and education.
This report is presented as part of a series of updates to Chartbook 17:
Dental Use, Expenses, Dental Coverage, and Changes, 1996 and 2004. Only differences that are statistically significant at the 0.05 level are discussed in the text.
Suggested
Citation:
Manski RJ and Rohde F. Dental Services: Use, Expenses, Source of Payment, Coverage and Procedure Type, 1996–2015:
Research Findings No. 38. November 2017. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. https://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/rf38/rf38.pdf.
* * *
The estimates in this report are based on the most
recent data available at the time the report was written. However, selected
elements of MEPS data may be revised on the basis of additional analyses,
which could result in slightly different estimates from those shown here.
Please check the MEPS Web site for the most current file releases.
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
5600 Fishers Lane, Mailstop 07W41A
Rockville, MD 20857
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov
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The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
The Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is conducted to provide nationally
representative estimates of health care use, expenditures, sources of payment,
and insurance coverage for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. MEPS is co-sponsored by the Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
MEPS comprises
three component surveys: the Household Component (HC), Medical Provider
Component (MPC), and Insurance Component (IC). Together these surveys yield
comprehensive data that provide national estimates of the level and
distribution of health care use and expenditures, support health services
research, and can be used to assess health care policy implications.
MEPS is the third
in a series of national probability surveys conducted by AHRQ on the financing
and use of medical care in the United States. The National Medical Care
Expenditure Survey (NMCES) was conducted in 1977, the National Medical
Expenditure Survey (NMES) in 1987. Beginning in 1996, MEPS continues this
series with design enhancements and efficiencies that provide a more current
data resource to capture the changing dynamics of the health care delivery and
insurance system.
The design efficiencies incorporated into MEPS are in accordance with the Department of
Health and Human Services (DHHS) Survey Integration Plan of June 1995, which
focused on consolidating DHHS surveys, achieving cost efficiencies, reducing
respondent burden, and enhancing analytical capacities. To accommodate these
goals, MEPS design features include linkage with the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS), from which the sample for the MEPS-HC is drawn, and thereby
enabling enhanced longitudinal data collection.
Household
Component
The MEPS-HC, a
nationally representative survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized
population, collects medical expenditure data at both the person and household
levels. The HC collects detailed data on demographic characteristics, health
conditions, health status, use of medical care services, charges and payments,
access to care, satisfaction with care, health insurance coverage, income, and
employment.
The HC uses an overlapping
panel design in which data are collected through a preliminary contact followed
by a series of five rounds of interviews over a two-and-a-half year period.
Using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) technology, data on
medical expenditures and use for two calendar years are collected from each
household. This series of data collection rounds is launched each subsequent
year on a new sample of households to provide overlapping panels of survey data
and, when combined with other ongoing panels, will provide continuous and
current estimates of health care expenditures.
The sampling frame
for the MEPS-HC is drawn from respondents to NHIS, conducted by NCHS. NHIS
provides a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian
noninstitutionalized population, with oversampling of Hispanics, blacks, and
additionally Asians starting in 2006.
Medical
Provider Component
The MEPS-MPC
supplements and validates information on medical care events reported in the
MEPS-HC by contacting medical providers and pharmacies identified by household
respondents. The MPC sample includes all hospitals, hospital physicians, home
health agencies, and pharmacies reported in the HC. Also included in the MPC
are all office-based physicians:
- Providing care for HC respondents receiving Medicaid.
- Associated with a 75 percent sample of households receiving care through an HMO (health maintenance organization) or managed care plan.
- Associated with a variable sample of the remaining households. Data are collected on medical and financial characteristics of medical and pharmacy events reported by HC respondents, including:
- - Diagnoses coded
according to ICD-9 (9th Revision, International Classification of Diseases) and
DSMIV (Fourth Edition, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).
- - Physician
procedure codes classified by CPT-4 (Current Procedural Terminology, Version
4). Inpatient stay codes classified by DRG (diagnosis related group).
- - Prescriptions
coded by national drug code (NDC), medication names, strength, and quantity
dispensed.
- - Charges, payments, and the reasons for any difference between charges and payments. The
MPC is conducted through telephone interviews and records provided by the
medical provider.
Insurance Component
The MEPS-IC
collects data on health insurance plans obtained through private and public
sector employers. Data obtained in the IC include the number and types of
private insurance plans offered, benefits associated with these plans,
premiums, contributions by employers and employees, and employer
characteristics.
Establishments
participating in the MEPS-IC are selected through two sampling frames:
- A Bureau of the Census list frame of private sector business establishments
- The Census of Governments from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Data from these sampling frames are collected to provide annual national and state estimates of
the supply of private health insurance available to American workers and to
evaluate policy issues pertaining to health insurance. Since 2000, the Bureau
of Economic Analysis has used national estimates of employer contributions to
group health insurance from the MEPS-IC in the computation of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP).
The MEPS-IC is an annual panel survey. Data are collected from the selected organizations through
a prescreening telephone interview, a mailed questionnaire, and a telephone
follow-up for non-respondents.
Survey
Management
MEPS data are
collected under the authority of the Public Health Service Act. They are edited
and published in accordance with the confidentiality provisions of this act and
the Privacy Act. NCHS provides consultation and technical assistance.
As soon as data
collection and editing are completed, the MEPS survey data are released to the
public in staged releases of summary reports and microdata files. Summary
reports and microdata files are available through the Internet on the MEPS Web
site: http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/.
For more
information, visit the MEPS Web site or e-mail MEPSProjectDirector@ahrq.hhs.gov.
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This report presents data from the 1996 through 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) describing dental use, expenses, source of payments, coverage and
procedure type for the U.S civilian noninstitutionalized (community) population. MEPS is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Estimates are presented for the total population as well as for specific population groups categorized in terms of sex, race/ethnicity, age, income, dental insurance coverage,
employment, and education. This report is presented as part of a series of updates to
Chartbook 17: Dental Use, Expenses, Dental Coverage, and Changes, 1996 and 2004. Only differences that are statistically significant at the 0.05 level are discussed in the text.
The estimates in this report are based on the most recent data available from MEPS at the time the report was written. However, selected elements of MEPS data
may be revised on the basis of additional analyses, which could result in slightly different estimates from those shown here. Please check the MEPS Web site
(http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/) for the most current file releases.
See the Technical Appendix for information and definitions of the categories used throughout this report. This Research Findings report and other MEPS publications are available
electronically on the MEPS Web site at http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/.
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- Seventy-one percent of the community population had private or public dental coverage in 2015, increasing from 64 percent in 1996.
- Fifty-two percent of the community population had private dental coverage in 2015.
- Slightly more than 19 percent of the community population had public dental coverage in 2015, increasing from slightly more than 11 percent in 1996.
- Approximately 29 percent of the community population did not have dental coverage in 2015, decreasing from slightly more than 36 percent in 1996.
- Forty-three percent of the community population had a dental visit in 2015.
- While 56 percent of those with private dental coverage had a visit during 2015, only 33 percent with public dental coverage, and 26 percent with
no dental coverage had a visit. The impact of having public dental coverage on the likelihood of having a dental visit increased from 27 percent in 1996 to 33 percent in 2015.
However, the impact of having no dental coverage on the likelihood of having a dental visit decreased from 29 percent in 1996 to 26 percent in 2015.
- The mean annual expense for persons with a visit was $696 in 2015 increasing from $374 ($564 adjusted for inflation) in 1996.
- The average annual number of visits per person for persons with a visit decreased from 2.55 in 1996 to 2.22 in 2015.
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The report covers a twenty-year period from 1996 to and including 2015. This period included the enactment of the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in 1997,
which provided dental coverage to eligible children not otherwise eligible for Medicaid. This period also included the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 extending
dental coverage to eligible children not otherwise eligible for Medicaid or CHIP. Child dental benefits were also included as an essential health benefit—requiring that they be
offered within health exchanges. The period was also witness to the Great Recession, which began in December 2007 and lasted until June 2009. It is likely that each of these events
had some impact on the provision of dental care. The purpose of this report is to present detailed estimates providing a better understanding of oral health and dental care in the
United States during a time when access-to-care-altering events and policy changes occurred.
Dental Insurance Coverage
Overall, 71 percent of the community population had dental coverage in 2015, increasing from 64 percent in 1996 (Table 2). The mean annual rate of dental coverage among the community
population during the 1996 to 2015 period was 67 percent. In 2015, dental coverage varied by age, family income, race/ethnicity, and education. About 72 percent of adults (ages 21—64) and
38 percent of older adults (age 65 and over) had dental coverage during 2015. Approximately 88 percent of children (birth to age 20) had dental coverage in 2015, increasing from 73 percent in 1996.
Hispanics were more likely to have dental coverage in 2015 than in 1996 (69 vs. 59 percent). Persons with less than a high school education were less likely to have dental coverage in 2015 and in 1996
than persons with at least some college. However, this education gap in having dental coverage decreased during this twenty-year period. During this twenty-year period, public dental coverage increased.
Specifically, 19 percent of the community population had public dental coverage in 2015, an increase from 11 percent in 1996 (Table 4). Overall, 29 percent of the community population did not have
any dental coverage in 2015 (Table 5), which was a decrease from 36.4 percent in 1996.
Use of Dental Care
Overall, 43 percent of the community population had a dental visit in 2015 (Table 6). The mean annual rate of having a dental visit among the community population during the 1996 to 2015 period was 43 percent.
In 2015, dental use varied by age, family income, race/ethnicity, dental insurance, employment and education. About 47 percent of older adults (age 65 and over) and 48 percent of children (birth to age 20)
had a dental visit in 2015, increasing from 40 percent among older adults and 42 percent among children in 1996. Slightly less than 40 percent of adults (ages 21 to 64) had a dental visit in 2015, decreasing
from 44 percent in 1996. Persons from lower income families were less likely to have a dental visit in 2015 and in 1996 than persons from a family with higher income. Hispanics were more likely to have a
dental visit in 2015 than in 1996 (33 vs. 29 percent). Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to have a dental visit in 2015 than non-Hispanic whites. Persons with private dental coverage were
more likely to have a dental visit (56 percent) than persons with public coverage (33 percent) or persons without dental coverage (26 percent). The access-to-oral-health gap among persons with public
dental coverage narrowed (27 percent in 1996 vs. 33 percent in 2015) during this twenty-year period. The employed were more likely to have a dental visit than persons who were not employed. Persons with
less education were less likely to have a dental visit than persons with more education. Overall, the conditional mean number of dental visits decreased from 2.55 visits per person for those with a visit
in 1996 to 2.22 visits per person in 2015 (Table 7).
Expenditures and Source of Payment
Overall, total expenditures for dental care increased from $43 billion ($65 billion adjusted for inflation) in 1996 to $96 billion in 2015 (Tables 9 and 10). The mean expense per person with an expense
was $696 in 2015, increasing from $374 ($565 adjusted for inflation) in 1996 (Tables 11 and 12). The mean annual expense per person was $570 ($674 adjusted for inflation) during this twenty-year period.
The mean out-of-pocket expense per person with an expense was $307 in 2015, increasing from $192 ($291 adjusted for inflation—no significant change observed in real terms) in 1996 (Tables 13 and 14).
The mean private dental coverage expense per person with an expense was $299 in 2015, increasing from $159 ($240 adjusted for inflation) in 1996 (Tables 15 and 16). The mean public dental coverage expense
per person with an expense was $58 in 2015, increasing from $11 ($16 adjusted for inflation) in 1996 (Tables 17 and 18). The percent of total expense paid out of pocket was 44 percent in 2015, decreasing
from 51 percent in 1996 (Table 21). The percentage of total expense paid by private dental insurance was 43 percent in 2015 (Table 22). The percentage of total expense paid by public dental coverage
was 8.4 percent in 2015, increasing from 2.8 percent in 1996 (Table 23).
Dental Procedure Type and Distribution
In 2015, approximately 138 million people with at least one dental visit (data not shown) received about 589 million dental procedures in the United States increasing from 496 million in 1996 (Table 25).
Together, approximately 77 percent of all procedures were diagnostic (43.3 percent) or preventive (34.0 percent) during 2015, increasing from 69 percent (40.2 percent diagnostic and 29.0 percent preventive)
in 1996 (Tables 26 and 27). As a percentage of all procedures, diagnostic and preventive procedures increased while restorative, prosthetic, surgical, and orthodontic procedures decreased from 1996 to 2015
(Tables 26 to 31).
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This report presents data from the 1996 through 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) describing dental use, expenses, sources of payment, coverage, and procedure types for the U.S. civilian
noninstitutionalized (community) population. MEPS is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). This report is presented as part of a series of updates to
Chartbook 17: Dental Use, Expenses, Dental Coverage, and Changes, 1996 and 2004. Estimates are presented for the total population
as well as for specific population groups categorized in terms of sex, race/ethnicity, age, income, dental insurance coverage, employment, and education. This report presents detailed estimates providing
a better understanding of oral health and the delivery of dental care in the United States during a time when significant access-to-dental-care-altering events and policy changes occurred. Overall,
this twenty-year period was witness to many improvements in dental care delivery across a number of metrics and population subgroups.
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Brown E, Manski R. Dental services: use, expenses, and sources of payment, 1996–2000. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2004. MEPS Research Findings No. 20. AHRQ Pub. No. 04-0018.
Cohen J. Design and Methods of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component. MEPS Methodology Report No. 1. AHCPR Pub. No. 97-0026. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1997.
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/mr1/mr1.shtml (Accessed July 17, 2012.)
Cohen S. Design Strategies and Innovations in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Medical Care, July 2003: 41(7) Supplement: III-5–III-12.
Ezzati-Rice TM, Rohde F, Greenblatt J. Sample Design of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 1998‒2007. Methodology Report No. 22. March 2008. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/mr22/mr22.pdf
Manski RJ, Brown E. Dental Use, Expenses, Private Dental Coverage, and Changes, 1996 and 2004. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2007. MEPS Chartbook No.17. https://meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/publications/cb17/cb17.pdf
Monheit AC, Wilson R, Arnett RH. Informing American health care policy: the dynamics of medical expenditure and insurance surveys, 1977–1996. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999.
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Table 1. Total population (thousands); 1996—2015
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
268,905
(13,731) |
271,279
(9,435) |
273,534
(16,008) |
276,411
(14,339) |
278,406
(22,543) |
284,247
(13,110) |
288,182
(13,549) |
290,604
(13,575) |
293,527
(13,721) |
296,185
(13,998) |
| Sex |
| Male |
131,527
(6,718) |
132,605
(4,685) |
133,614
(7,900) |
134,603
(7,115) |
135,882
(11,105) |
138,631
(6,443) |
140,802
(6,663) |
142,265
(6,707) |
143,869
(6,807) |
145,116
(6,890) |
| Female |
137,379
(7,113) |
138,673
(4,884) |
139,919
(8,216) |
141,808
(7,329) |
142,524
(11,522) |
145,616
(6,754) |
147,380
(6,965) |
148,340
(6,954) |
149,658
(7,007) |
151,069
(7,207) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
29,979
(2,473) |
31,111
(1,590) |
32,058
(2,635) |
33,031
(2,225) |
33,955
(3,506) |
37,685
(2,375) |
39,665
(2,809) |
40,696
(2,854) |
42,212
(2,925) |
43,576
(3,094) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
193,708
(10,604) |
195,030
(7,890) |
196,359
(12,672) |
197,468
(11,263) |
198,164
(17,887) |
198,174
(10,291) |
195,463
(10,135) |
196,304
(10,152) |
196,305
(10,226) |
196,514
(10,327) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
33,668
(3,020) |
34,086
(1,858) |
34,458
(3,214) |
34,781
(3,062) |
35,049
(4,083) |
34,987
(2,155) |
34,875
(2,925) |
35,278
(2,848) |
35,548
(2,947) |
35,880
(2,961) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
11,550
(1,232) |
11,052
(982) |
10,658
(1,184) |
11,131
(1,212) |
11,237
(1,392) |
13,402
(1,339) |
18,179
(1,384) |
18,327
(1,440) |
19,461
(1,448) |
20,214
(1,514) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
82,485
(4,493) |
82,942
(3,178) |
83,641
(5,024) |
84,146
(4,539) |
84,983
(6,911) |
85,149
(4,114) |
84,989
(4,152) |
85,276
(4,119) |
85,554
(4,123) |
85,720
(4,216) |
| 21-64 |
152,370
(7,856) |
154,151
(5,339) |
155,583
(9,357) |
157,589
(8,329) |
158,641
(13,123) |
163,263
(7,658) |
166,937
(7,912) |
168,629
(7,969) |
170,931
(8,071) |
172,987
(8,246) |
| > 64 |
34,050
(1,953) |
34,185
(1,470) |
34,309
(2,136) |
34,676
(2,007) |
34,782
(2,966) |
35,835
(1,824) |
36,256
(1,979) |
36,699
(2,062) |
37,042
(2,074) |
37,477
(2,036) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
38,298
(2,423) |
36,415
(1,798) |
35,303
(2,512) |
32,795
(2,114) |
32,053
(2,923) |
33,713
(1,771) |
35,618
(2,048) |
36,827
(2,067) |
37,707
(2,160) |
37,915
(2,218) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
53,406
(3,068) |
50,957
(2,110) |
48,436
(3,001) |
51,250
(2,809) |
49,255
(3,972) |
52,465
(2,623) |
52,639
(2,745) |
53,950
(2,793) |
53,964
(2,777) |
54,033
(2,948) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
88,262
(5,060) |
89,981
(3,619) |
88,324
(5,458) |
86,182
(5,002) |
90,343
(7,638) |
89,901
(4,453) |
91,063
(4,575) |
90,163
(4,604) |
93,355
(4,757) |
92,693
(4,800) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
88,939
(5,095) |
93,926
(3,981) |
101,470
(6,811) |
106,184
(6,261) |
106,754
(9,532) |
108,168
(5,882) |
108,862
(5,651) |
109,664
(5,659) |
108,500
(5,759) |
111,543
(5,809) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
140,410
(7,791) |
142,494
(5,458) |
145,479
(9,398) |
152,049
(8,810) |
153,314
(13,671) |
157,386
(8,025) |
156,878
(7,794) |
155,533
(7,783) |
158,252
(7,859) |
158,728
(7,896) |
| Only public |
30,598
(2,062) |
30,546
(1,523) |
32,354
(2,223) |
30,157
(1,945) |
30,781
(2,784) |
33,305
(1,789) |
37,234
(2,231) |
39,116
(2,197) |
40,515
(2,302) |
42,213
(2,366) |
| Neither |
97,897
(5,219) |
98,239
(3,760) |
95,701
(5,577) |
94,205
(4,862) |
94,310
(7,250) |
93,557
(4,368) |
94,070
(4,534) |
95,955
(4,595) |
94,759
(4,639) |
95,243
(4,736) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
204,710
(10,726) |
206,534
(7,413) |
208,492
(12,610) |
212,918
(11,488) |
214,397
(17,666) |
217,619
(10,224) |
217,448
(10,394) |
219,344
(10,446) |
220,732
(10,500) |
221,939
(10,662) |
| Not employed |
64,021
(3,351) |
64,632
(2,434) |
64,915
(3,750) |
63,294
(3,266) |
63,882
(5,194) |
66,570
(3,188) |
70,571
(3,467) |
71,176
(3,485) |
72,631
(3,556) |
74,031
(3,656) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
48,796
(3,068) |
45,015
(1,994) |
45,726
(2,893) |
51,310
(2,794) |
51,010
(4,201) |
52,057
(2,498) |
54,253
(2,860) |
51,868
(2,754) |
49,811
(2,564) |
50,710
(2,713) |
| 12 yrs |
89,439
(4,857) |
86,578
(3,437) |
87,553
(5,323) |
89,541
(4,942) |
88,649
(7,453) |
92,377
(4,365) |
92,402
(4,725) |
91,714
(4,663) |
92,177
(4,684) |
91,858
(4,645) |
| > 12 yrs |
130,422
(7,201) |
139,342
(5,345) |
139,606
(8,886) |
133,398
(7,702) |
136,957
(11,727) |
138,294
(7,084) |
140,084
(6,873) |
145,470
(7,213) |
149,925
(7,506) |
152,082
(7,695) |
Table 1. Total population (thousands); 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
299,267
(14,298) |
301,309
(9,072) |
304,376
(6,957) |
306,661
(6,802) |
308,574
(6,723) |
311,126
(6,766) |
313,490
(6,846) |
315,722
(6,924) |
318,440
(7,444) |
321,423
(7,594) |
| Sex |
| Male |
146,942
(7,047) |
147,629
(4,524) |
149,362
(3,549) |
150,587
(3,442) |
151,577
(3,404) |
152,053
(3,407) |
153,191
(3,469) |
154,100
(3,659) |
155,866
(3,764) |
157,168
(3,752) |
| Female |
152,325
(7,323) |
153,680
(4,672) |
155,014
(3,609) |
156,073
(3,552) |
156,997
(3,538) |
159,073
(3,585) |
160,299
(3,548) |
161,622
(3,531) |
162,574
(3,882) |
164,255
(4,034) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
45,161
(3,138) |
46,390
(2,473) |
47,858
(3,111) |
49,136
(3,225) |
50,322
(3,192) |
52,717
(3,276) |
53,517
(3,410) |
54,536
(3,253) |
55,840
(3,266) |
57,063
(3,385) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
197,070
(10,477) |
197,611
(6,896) |
198,750
(5,704) |
198,961
(5,433) |
198,723
(5,472) |
198,127
(5,715) |
197,943
(5,753) |
196,560
(5,696) |
194,571
(5,965) |
194,013
(6,082) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
36,285
(2,990) |
36,704
(2,118) |
37,012
(2,176) |
36,888
(2,064) |
37,444
(2,222) |
37,322
(2,115) |
37,888
(1,968) |
37,967
(2,174) |
38,926
(2,165) |
39,533
(1,951) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
20,751
(1,631) |
20,605
(1,300) |
20,755
(1,657) |
21,675
(1,548) |
22,084
(1,763) |
22,961
(1,927) |
24,143
(1,778) |
26,659
(1,711) |
29,103
(2,237) |
30,814
(2,405) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
86,246
(4,298) |
86,138
(2,894) |
87,600
(2,781) |
88,293
(2,556) |
87,581
(2,516) |
87,086
(2,626) |
87,145
(2,632) |
87,119
(2,604) |
87,481
(2,811) |
87,393
(2,752) |
| 21-64 |
175,041
(8,373) |
176,477
(5,421) |
177,034
(3,902) |
178,030
(4,027) |
179,836
(4,083) |
180,473
(3,960) |
181,074
(3,992) |
182,140
(3,968) |
182,999
(4,319) |
184,437
(4,542) |
| > 64 |
37,980
(2,104) |
38,694
(1,497) |
39,742
(1,574) |
40,338
(1,354) |
41,158
(1,319) |
43,566
(1,563) |
45,271
(1,629) |
46,463
(1,563) |
47,961
(1,639) |
49,593
(1,653) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
37,365
(2,084) |
38,158
(1,621) |
40,592
(1,661) |
43,995
(1,830) |
46,824
(1,826) |
46,825
(1,858) |
46,993
(1,905) |
46,312
(1,784) |
47,182
(1,986) |
43,503
(1,873) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
54,305
(2,947) |
53,772
(1,927) |
56,430
(1,875) |
57,544
(1,907) |
57,103
(1,836) |
60,020
(1,906) |
60,454
(1,911) |
60,788
(1,927) |
59,328
(1,961) |
58,560
(1,848) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
93,404
(4,871) |
93,234
(3,297) |
94,931
(2,782) |
94,122
(2,763) |
92,977
(2,496) |
94,385
(2,707) |
94,168
(2,569) |
93,399
(2,808) |
92,119
(2,850) |
91,925
(2,878) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
114,194
(6,028) |
116,145
(4,380) |
112,422
(3,588) |
111,000
(3,660) |
111,669
(3,628) |
109,895
(3,576) |
111,875
(3,820) |
115,223
(3,706) |
119,811
(3,912) |
127,436
(4,383) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
159,405
(7,913) |
156,813
(5,215) |
156,352
(4,152) |
155,558
(4,203) |
153,005
(4,291) |
155,416
(4,351) |
155,918
(4,490) |
158,395
(4,515) |
163,537
(5,180) |
167,330
(5,273) |
| Only public |
42,259
(2,411) |
43,592
(1,798) |
44,403
(1,808) |
46,371
(1,783) |
50,392
(1,977) |
52,426
(2,008) |
53,534
(2,089) |
55,231
(2,189) |
59,836
(2,334) |
62,029
(2,219) |
| Neither |
97,603
(4,932) |
100,904
(3,365) |
103,621
(3,013) |
104,732
(2,928) |
105,177
(2,824) |
103,284
(2,783) |
104,038
(2,905) |
102,096
(2,750) |
95,067
(2,494) |
92,065
(2,567) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
227,140
(11,068) |
227,359
(7,052) |
227,512
(5,289) |
223,833
(5,111) |
223,229
(5,296) |
224,344
(5,433) |
223,519
(5,354) |
227,589
(5,349) |
232,403
(5,907) |
236,313
(6,212) |
| Not employed |
71,997
(3,599) |
73,710
(2,444) |
76,579
(2,433) |
82,673
(2,405) |
85,033
(2,321) |
86,491
(2,456) |
89,794
(2,523) |
87,959
(2,430) |
85,799
(2,262) |
84,883
(2,369) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
49,720
(2,724) |
48,583
(1,959) |
45,996
(1,701) |
46,684
(1,675) |
43,414
(1,727) |
37,621
(1,565) |
39,494
(1,494) |
40,352
(1,596) |
39,014
(1,476) |
35,239
(1,210) |
| 12 yrs |
90,131
(4,665) |
90,355
(3,147) |
92,693
(2,775) |
91,495
(2,411) |
83,378
(2,179) |
87,598
(2,325) |
83,543
(2,341) |
79,004
(2,135) |
78,322
(2,080) |
88,503
(2,576) |
| > 12 yrs |
157,657
(7,920) |
160,284
(5,321) |
163,654
(4,529) |
166,579
(4,320) |
179,847
(4,382) |
184,218
(4,913) |
188,737
(4,880) |
194,590
(4,997) |
199,876
(5,705) |
196,226
(5,631) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 2. Percent population with any dental coverage; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
66.86
(0.30) |
63.59
(0.76) |
63.79
(0.59) |
65.01
(0.77) |
65.92
(0.70) |
66.12
(0.90) |
67.09
(0.59) |
67.36
(0.52) |
66.98
(0.56) |
67.72
(0.55) |
67.84
(0.53) |
| Sex |
| Male |
65.36
(0.33) |
62.10
(0.85) |
62.27
(0.68) |
63.66
(0.85) |
64.72
(0.78) |
64.82
(0.99) |
66.00
(0.68) |
66.08
(0.58) |
65.28
(0.62) |
65.94
(0.64) |
66.13
(0.62) |
| Female |
68.30
(0.30) |
65.02
(0.79) |
65.24
(0.62) |
66.30
(0.82) |
67.06
(0.77) |
67.37
(0.92) |
68.12
(0.61) |
68.58
(0.57) |
68.61
(0.61) |
69.43
(0.57) |
69.49
(0.57) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
62.29
(0.56) |
59.38
(1.37) |
58.13
(1.21) |
59.40
(1.50) |
58.71
(1.36) |
59.29
(1.33) |
59.18
(1.14) |
60.78
(1.14) |
62.17
(1.08) |
61.97
(1.04) |
62.53
(1.12) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
66.24
(0.36) |
62.96
(0.84) |
63.47
(0.70) |
64.89
(0.98) |
65.71
(0.83) |
66.00
(1.04) |
66.68
(0.71) |
66.96
(0.63) |
66.43
(0.74) |
67.17
(0.67) |
67.59
(0.67) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
72.77
(0.38) |
69.13
(1.56) |
69.16
(1.18) |
69.35
(1.54) |
72.47
(1.50) |
70.92
(1.38) |
74.66
(0.97) |
74.01
(1.00) |
73.15
(1.05) |
75.16
(1.14) |
73.96
(0.90) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
72.49
(0.61) |
69.02
(2.93) |
68.72
(2.71) |
70.06
(3.20) |
70.56
(2.35) |
73.95
(3.10) |
75.62
(1.65) |
73.19
(1.68) |
71.64
(1.65) |
72.07
(1.57) |
70.95
(1.77) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
80.84
(0.30) |
73.17
(1.02) |
72.62
(0.79) |
75.02
(0.99) |
76.48
(0.86) |
77.09
(1.10) |
79.17
(0.70) |
79.80
(0.62) |
80.93
(0.65) |
81.50
(0.64) |
81.66
(0.63) |
| 21-64 |
67.26
(0.36) |
64.94
(0.79) |
65.64
(0.66) |
66.51
(0.83) |
67.91
(0.75) |
67.72
(0.97) |
68.17
(0.68) |
68.22
(0.58) |
67.38
(0.63) |
68.09
(0.62) |
67.91
(0.63) |
| > 64 |
34.58
(0.46) |
34.39
(1.32) |
33.99
(1.19) |
33.85
(1.37) |
31.23
(1.19) |
32.06
(1.22) |
33.42
(1.02) |
34.23
(1.06) |
32.74
(1.23) |
34.17
(1.14) |
35.95
(1.18) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
66.53
(0.48) |
63.58
(1.46) |
65.51
(1.30) |
64.94
(1.51) |
65.42
(1.55) |
64.22
(1.62) |
64.93
(1.15) |
65.69
(1.15) |
65.63
(0.99) |
65.58
(1.10) |
67.09
(1.07) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
56.51
(0.38) |
49.94
(1.27) |
51.19
(1.20) |
54.71
(1.48) |
53.82
(1.34) |
55.90
(1.25) |
53.88
(1.13) |
55.51
(0.99) |
55.92
(1.04) |
58.07
(1.02) |
57.93
(1.01) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
64.72
(0.34) |
64.04
(0.99) |
61.33
(0.98) |
61.83
(1.13) |
64.43
(0.99) |
63.04
(1.22) |
66.70
(0.90) |
66.19
(0.83) |
64.82
(0.93) |
65.13
(0.89) |
65.40
(0.81) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
73.95
(0.36) |
71.35
(1.04) |
72.31
(0.85) |
72.73
(1.08) |
73.12
(0.94) |
74.03
(1.15) |
74.49
(0.80) |
74.61
(0.73) |
74.65
(0.83) |
75.48
(0.77) |
74.93
(0.77) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
72.03
(0.30) |
67.64
(0.83) |
67.77
(0.63) |
69.49
(0.81) |
71.14
(0.71) |
71.34
(0.90) |
72.11
(0.60) |
72.38
(0.51) |
72.10
(0.58) |
73.08
(0.57) |
72.91
(0.56) |
| Not employed |
51.75
(0.39) |
50.66
(1.04) |
51.09
(0.97) |
50.68
(1.07) |
48.37
(1.04) |
48.66
(1.13) |
50.69
(0.85) |
51.94
(0.83) |
51.24
(0.92) |
51.48
(0.88) |
52.70
(0.91) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
54.83
(0.45) |
49.42
(1.29) |
49.39
(1.18) |
49.85
(1.19) |
53.22
(1.22) |
52.94
(1.17) |
53.62
(0.91) |
54.72
(1.00) |
54.20
(0.98) |
55.67
(0.94) |
57.45
(0.98) |
| 12 yrs |
63.11
(0.34) |
61.32
(0.89) |
60.98
(0.86) |
62.04
(1.02) |
63.68
(0.97) |
63.77
(1.00) |
65.01
(0.80) |
65.17
(0.74) |
65.18
(0.75) |
65.39
(0.77) |
65.08
(0.71) |
| > 12 yrs |
72.62
(0.33) |
70.49
(0.91) |
70.24
(0.71) |
71.92
(0.97) |
72.61
(0.86) |
72.76
(1.07) |
73.74
(0.69) |
73.92
(0.63) |
72.86
(0.72) |
73.38
(0.68) |
73.16
(0.67) |
Table 2. Percent population with any dental coverage; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
67.39
(0.52) |
66.51
(0.52) |
65.96
(0.57) |
65.85
(0.58) |
65.92
(0.61) |
66.80
(0.59) |
66.81
(0.62) |
67.66
(0.56) |
70.15
(0.60) |
71.36
(0.56) |
| Sex |
| Male |
65.73
(0.62) |
65.09
(0.62) |
64.32
(0.64) |
64.10
(0.69) |
64.16
(0.72) |
65.71
(0.65) |
65.11
(0.72) |
66.02
(0.64) |
68.76
(0.65) |
69.87
(0.57) |
| Female |
68.98
(0.56) |
67.88
(0.57) |
67.53
(0.64) |
67.54
(0.62) |
67.61
(0.65) |
67.85
(0.64) |
68.44
(0.65) |
69.23
(0.62) |
71.47
(0.67) |
72.78
(0.68) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
62.56
(1.08) |
61.12
(1.17) |
60.70
(1.23) |
61.11
(1.33) |
61.32
(1.25) |
63.54
(1.12) |
63.88
(0.96) |
63.81
(0.95) |
67.75
(1.05) |
69.31
(1.07) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
66.83
(0.73) |
65.71
(0.71) |
65.49
(0.76) |
65.27
(0.74) |
65.20
(0.76) |
66.15
(0.76) |
66.03
(0.84) |
66.87
(0.77) |
69.16
(0.79) |
70.25
(0.81) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
74.46
(0.89) |
73.69
(0.97) |
72.19
(0.96) |
72.16
(0.84) |
73.11
(0.94) |
72.74
(0.89) |
71.74
(0.77) |
72.86
(0.71) |
74.16
(0.79) |
75.39
(0.86) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
70.81
(2.01) |
73.53
(1.51) |
71.47
(1.65) |
71.14
(1.43) |
70.65
(1.32) |
70.28
(1.38) |
72.05
(1.40) |
73.96
(1.42) |
76.01
(1.34) |
76.93
(1.37) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
82.18
(0.64) |
80.79
(0.72) |
81.05
(0.75) |
81.96
(0.74) |
82.14
(0.73) |
83.91
(0.76) |
85.07
(0.72) |
86.01
(0.66) |
86.96
(0.69) |
87.94
(0.64) |
| 21-64 |
67.29
(0.61) |
66.93
(0.60) |
65.97
(0.64) |
65.49
(0.70) |
65.42
(0.77) |
66.03
(0.68) |
65.70
(0.72) |
66.42
(0.73) |
70.54
(0.72) |
72.35
(0.63) |
| > 64 |
34.24
(1.09) |
32.82
(1.05) |
32.62
(1.09) |
32.15
(1.04) |
33.57
(1.10) |
35.82
(1.09) |
36.13
(1.06) |
38.12
(1.12) |
37.96
(1.16) |
38.44
(1.17) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
65.80
(1.12) |
65.49
(1.15) |
63.29
(1.21) |
64.17
(1.14) |
65.60
(1.25) |
68.12
(1.00) |
67.95
(0.95) |
67.72
(1.09) |
71.50
(1.07) |
74.81
(1.04) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
57.78
(1.00) |
56.00
(1.06) |
56.58
(1.07) |
55.17
(0.96) |
57.70
(1.01) |
58.21
(1.00) |
56.82
(0.97) |
58.91
(1.10) |
60.47
(1.17) |
63.38
(0.97) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
65.44
(0.86) |
63.83
(0.87) |
64.36
(0.94) |
64.12
(0.87) |
62.88
(0.96) |
64.63
(0.94) |
65.02
(0.95) |
65.22
(0.91) |
67.96
(0.94) |
67.87
(0.85) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
74.07
(0.80) |
73.87
(0.80) |
72.97
(0.85) |
73.51
(0.86) |
72.77
(0.93) |
72.81
(0.95) |
73.24
(0.91) |
74.24
(0.91) |
76.08
(1.00) |
76.36
(0.91) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
72.51
(0.55) |
71.85
(0.55) |
71.69
(0.59) |
71.52
(0.64) |
71.29
(0.68) |
72.32
(0.64) |
72.18
(0.67) |
72.96
(0.65) |
75.68
(0.62) |
77.26
(0.55) |
| Not employed |
51.27
(0.91) |
50.21
(0.86) |
49.10
(0.87) |
50.58
(0.81) |
51.93
(0.82) |
52.61
(0.89) |
53.54
(0.84) |
54.06
(0.97) |
55.26
(0.98) |
55.51
(0.96) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
56.13
(1.01) |
56.23
(1.03) |
53.81
(1.08) |
53.46
(1.03) |
56.40
(1.10) |
56.49
(1.12) |
57.49
(1.01) |
58.26
(1.03) |
59.88
(1.22) |
61.60
(1.22) |
| 12 yrs |
63.74
(0.72) |
62.34
(0.80) |
61.54
(0.87) |
60.68
(0.88) |
59.94
(0.99) |
61.76
(0.88) |
62.69
(0.80) |
61.11
(0.86) |
63.24
(0.91) |
66.70
(0.84) |
| > 12 yrs |
73.23
(0.66) |
72.17
(0.66) |
72.08
(0.77) |
72.34
(0.68) |
71.14
(0.66) |
71.56
(0.71) |
70.86
(0.79) |
72.54
(0.69) |
75.02
(0.67) |
75.61
(0.65) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 3. Percent population with private dental coverage; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
52.39
(0.44) |
52.22
(0.88) |
52.53
(0.73) |
53.18
(0.94) |
55.01
(0.86) |
55.07
(1.03) |
55.37
(0.74) |
54.44
(0.68) |
53.52
(0.71) |
53.91
(0.73) |
53.59
(0.70) |
| Sex |
| Male |
52.51
(0.45) |
52.32
(0.94) |
52.52
(0.81) |
53.35
(1.01) |
55.33
(0.96) |
55.11
(1.05) |
55.67
(0.82) |
54.82
(0.72) |
53.60
(0.76) |
53.79
(0.82) |
53.92
(0.77) |
| Female |
52.28
(0.44) |
52.11
(0.92) |
52.53
(0.76) |
53.02
(0.99) |
54.71
(0.89) |
55.03
(1.11) |
55.08
(0.77) |
54.07
(0.74) |
53.45
(0.77) |
54.03
(0.76) |
53.28
(0.73) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
34.46
(0.74) |
34.68
(1.89) |
35.87
(1.70) |
36.69
(1.73) |
37.98
(1.46) |
38.46
(1.59) |
37.55
(1.54) |
36.53
(1.39) |
36.48
(1.30) |
35.33
(1.39) |
35.02
(1.39) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
57.46
(0.45) |
56.33
(0.97) |
56.65
(0.82) |
57.67
(1.09) |
58.98
(0.97) |
58.75
(1.16) |
59.28
(0.81) |
59.06
(0.78) |
58.34
(0.87) |
58.72
(0.81) |
59.06
(0.80) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
44.99
(0.72) |
43.78
(1.83) |
44.14
(1.56) |
42.83
(2.01) |
49.09
(2.06) |
49.67
(2.36) |
50.27
(1.82) |
47.22
(1.54) |
45.70
(1.64) |
48.62
(1.77) |
46.15
(1.34) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
55.27
(0.88) |
53.35
(3.48) |
52.48
(3.12) |
53.59
(4.17) |
53.58
(3.16) |
57.18
(3.75) |
61.02
(2.65) |
57.69
(2.30) |
54.80
(2.22) |
55.42
(2.14) |
53.66
(2.30) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
52.07
(0.58) |
53.24
(1.29) |
52.72
(1.05) |
54.36
(1.32) |
56.29
(1.17) |
56.36
(1.35) |
56.10
(1.05) |
54.15
(1.01) |
54.01
(1.00) |
53.93
(1.07) |
53.00
(1.02) |
| 21-64 |
58.99
(0.42) |
58.15
(0.86) |
58.83
(0.75) |
59.54
(0.93) |
61.78
(0.86) |
61.40
(1.05) |
61.83
(0.75) |
61.09
(0.66) |
59.90
(0.71) |
60.44
(0.72) |
60.19
(0.72) |
| > 64 |
24.38
(0.41) |
23.19
(1.20) |
23.63
(1.10) |
21.48
(1.22) |
21.13
(1.09) |
23.04
(1.10) |
24.22
(0.97) |
24.50
(1.00) |
23.08
(1.12) |
23.77
(1.03) |
24.46
(1.11) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
14.78
(0.34) |
16.01
(1.08) |
17.37
(1.13) |
17.81
(1.51) |
18.95
(1.23) |
18.09
(1.43) |
17.99
(1.08) |
16.22
(0.88) |
15.83
(0.97) |
14.80
(0.89) |
15.49
(0.89) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
31.19
(0.41) |
34.35
(1.35) |
34.49
(1.23) |
34.32
(1.52) |
33.92
(1.44) |
35.21
(1.35) |
32.61
(1.09) |
32.11
(0.99) |
31.04
(1.09) |
32.59
(1.11) |
31.98
(1.10) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
57.40
(0.40) |
60.82
(1.05) |
57.46
(1.04) |
57.07
(1.19) |
60.22
(1.05) |
57.74
(1.25) |
60.92
(0.94) |
59.61
(0.95) |
58.33
(0.99) |
58.18
(0.97) |
57.90
(0.96) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
72.43
(0.37) |
70.00
(1.03) |
71.21
(0.86) |
71.11
(1.10) |
72.09
(0.95) |
73.08
(1.17) |
73.44
(0.82) |
73.41
(0.75) |
73.28
(0.83) |
74.44
(0.78) |
73.43
(0.77) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
60.71
(0.42) |
60.12
(0.95) |
60.13
(0.76) |
61.28
(0.94) |
63.24
(0.82) |
63.06
(1.03) |
62.99
(0.76) |
62.18
(0.67) |
61.56
(0.72) |
62.32
(0.76) |
61.64
(0.72) |
| Not employed |
28.02
(0.37) |
26.95
(1.00) |
28.30
(0.88) |
27.28
(1.10) |
27.43
(0.94) |
28.34
(0.99) |
30.51
(0.78) |
30.67
(0.82) |
28.82
(0.85) |
28.44
(0.82) |
29.55
(0.87) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
22.52
(0.42) |
21.04
(1.05) |
20.64
(0.86) |
20.97
(1.05) |
25.48
(1.21) |
26.25
(1.09) |
26.87
(0.87) |
26.90
(0.93) |
24.74
(0.84) |
24.78
(0.93) |
25.41
(1.04) |
| 12 yrs |
45.81
(0.46) |
48.71
(1.00) |
47.88
(0.95) |
48.11
(1.14) |
52.43
(1.11) |
51.57
(1.19) |
52.00
(0.87) |
50.32
(0.84) |
49.46
(0.86) |
48.52
(0.93) |
48.42
(0.83) |
| > 12 yrs |
64.98
(0.40) |
66.37
(0.95) |
65.80
(0.77) |
67.11
(1.09) |
68.54
(0.87) |
68.34
(1.02) |
68.58
(0.81) |
68.10
(0.73) |
66.67
(0.80) |
67.22
(0.78) |
66.42
(0.77) |
Table 3. Percent population with private dental coverage; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
53.27
(0.70) |
52.04
(0.62) |
51.37
(0.71) |
50.73
(0.74) |
49.58
(0.78) |
49.95
(0.74) |
49.74
(0.85) |
50.17
(0.82) |
51.36
(0.81) |
52.06
(0.78) |
| Sex |
| Male |
53.42
(0.76) |
52.25
(0.70) |
51.36
(0.79) |
50.53
(0.84) |
49.70
(0.85) |
50.40
(0.78) |
49.48
(0.91) |
50.19
(0.88) |
51.45
(0.81) |
52.31
(0.77) |
| Female |
53.12
(0.75) |
51.85
(0.66) |
51.37
(0.77) |
50.92
(0.76) |
49.47
(0.82) |
49.52
(0.79) |
49.98
(0.88) |
50.15
(0.88) |
51.27
(0.92) |
51.82
(0.87) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
34.86
(1.26) |
33.16
(1.32) |
32.97
(1.53) |
31.94
(1.53) |
29.81
(1.53) |
31.47
(1.51) |
32.45
(1.42) |
32.65
(1.37) |
34.97
(1.27) |
36.07
(1.43) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
58.37
(0.85) |
56.89
(0.78) |
56.40
(0.86) |
56.09
(0.87) |
55.79
(0.89) |
56.10
(0.84) |
55.41
(0.96) |
56.12
(0.97) |
57.29
(0.98) |
57.96
(0.94) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
47.47
(1.21) |
46.76
(1.29) |
44.73
(1.44) |
43.95
(1.23) |
41.90
(1.25) |
41.90
(1.24) |
41.30
(1.32) |
41.08
(1.17) |
42.17
(1.12) |
42.45
(1.38) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
54.98
(2.39) |
57.52
(1.88) |
57.41
(2.12) |
55.57
(1.79) |
51.83
(1.70) |
52.39
(1.70) |
54.81
(1.74) |
55.11
(1.84) |
55.39
(2.15) |
56.82
(2.11) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
52.88
(1.07) |
50.24
(1.00) |
50.55
(1.12) |
50.08
(1.18) |
47.50
(1.14) |
48.27
(1.14) |
49.08
(1.29) |
49.38
(1.29) |
49.37
(1.30) |
50.54
(1.30) |
| 21-64 |
59.81
(0.68) |
59.47
(0.62) |
58.07
(0.69) |
57.40
(0.74) |
56.49
(0.83) |
56.53
(0.76) |
56.01
(0.81) |
56.36
(0.86) |
58.46
(0.80) |
59.26
(0.75) |
| > 64 |
23.96
(0.99) |
22.22
(0.95) |
23.31
(0.98) |
22.69
(0.92) |
23.85
(1.00) |
26.09
(1.06) |
25.89
(0.97) |
27.39
(1.01) |
27.89
(1.14) |
27.96
(1.02) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
15.07
(0.88) |
13.55
(0.88) |
12.74
(0.89) |
13.01
(0.86) |
11.74
(0.75) |
14.16
(1.09) |
13.28
(0.87) |
11.88
(0.89) |
13.23
(0.93) |
13.20
(1.02) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
31.00
(1.04) |
28.92
(1.05) |
31.03
(1.04) |
29.82
(1.14) |
30.50
(1.20) |
29.29
(1.08) |
28.31
(1.10) |
29.06
(1.19) |
27.65
(1.25) |
28.18
(1.12) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
57.50
(0.98) |
55.66
(0.95) |
56.12
(1.04) |
56.22
(0.98) |
54.68
(1.11) |
56.38
(1.00) |
55.64
(1.15) |
55.59
(1.04) |
57.02
(1.19) |
55.51
(1.10) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
72.89
(0.83) |
72.49
(0.83) |
71.52
(0.88) |
71.86
(0.90) |
70.97
(0.97) |
70.97
(0.99) |
71.65
(0.95) |
72.30
(0.95) |
73.75
(1.01) |
73.81
(0.94) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
61.03
(0.72) |
60.01
(0.66) |
59.86
(0.75) |
59.61
(0.80) |
58.48
(0.85) |
58.81
(0.77) |
58.64
(0.87) |
58.82
(0.90) |
59.93
(0.86) |
60.93
(0.81) |
| Not employed |
28.83
(0.82) |
27.59
(0.79) |
26.32
(0.78) |
26.76
(0.80) |
26.33
(0.82) |
27.12
(0.96) |
27.67
(0.83) |
27.89
(0.78) |
28.22
(0.87) |
28.21
(0.75) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
24.20
(0.95) |
22.98
(0.88) |
21.32
(0.91) |
20.09
(0.95) |
19.32
(1.01) |
17.74
(0.95) |
18.39
(1.00) |
18.92
(0.98) |
19.07
(0.92) |
19.08
(0.90) |
| 12 yrs |
47.07
(0.86) |
45.50
(0.89) |
43.67
(0.99) |
41.65
(1.01) |
39.44
(1.05) |
40.14
(0.87) |
40.07
(1.00) |
37.87
(1.05) |
39.04
(1.16) |
41.31
(1.02) |
| > 12 yrs |
66.30
(0.77) |
64.81
(0.71) |
64.45
(0.85) |
64.54
(0.77) |
61.84
(0.77) |
61.48
(0.79) |
60.89
(0.93) |
61.90
(0.86) |
62.64
(0.83) |
63.76
(0.75) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 4. Percent population with public dental coverage; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
14.47
(0.29) |
11.38
(0.53) |
11.26
(0.44) |
11.83
(0.49) |
10.91
(0.51) |
11.06
(0.57) |
11.72
(0.44) |
12.92
(0.49) |
13.46
(0.45) |
13.80
(0.49) |
14.25
(0.47) |
| Sex |
| Male |
12.85
(0.27) |
9.78
(0.53) |
9.75
(0.45) |
10.31
(0.51) |
9.40
(0.54) |
9.70
(0.63) |
10.32
(0.44) |
11.26
(0.48) |
11.69
(0.44) |
12.15
(0.47) |
12.22
(0.45) |
| Female |
16.02
(0.31) |
12.91
(0.61) |
12.70
(0.50) |
13.28
(0.55) |
12.35
(0.58) |
12.34
(0.65) |
13.05
(0.50) |
14.51
(0.55) |
15.16
(0.54) |
15.39
(0.57) |
16.21
(0.56) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
27.83
(0.61) |
24.70
(1.57) |
22.26
(1.10) |
22.71
(1.40) |
20.73
(1.04) |
20.83
(1.39) |
21.63
(1.11) |
24.25
(1.04) |
25.68
(0.94) |
26.63
(1.11) |
27.51
(1.18) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
8.78
(0.21) |
6.63
(0.46) |
6.82
(0.40) |
7.22
(0.43) |
6.73
(0.45) |
7.25
(0.59) |
7.40
(0.38) |
7.91
(0.41) |
8.10
(0.44) |
8.45
(0.44) |
8.52
(0.43) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
27.78
(0.65) |
25.34
(1.69) |
25.03
(1.36) |
26.52
(1.52) |
23.38
(1.88) |
21.25
(1.76) |
24.40
(1.62) |
26.79
(1.54) |
27.46
(1.33) |
26.55
(1.44) |
27.81
(1.14) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
17.22
(0.68) |
15.66
(3.23) |
16.24
(3.04) |
16.47
(3.40) |
16.98
(2.93) |
16.77
(3.09) |
14.59
(2.47) |
15.50
(1.83) |
16.84
(1.94) |
16.64
(1.41) |
17.29
(1.33) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
28.78
(0.56) |
19.93
(0.98) |
19.89
(0.87) |
20.65
(1.00) |
20.19
(0.99) |
20.73
(1.13) |
23.07
(0.88) |
25.65
(0.98) |
26.92
(0.93) |
27.56
(1.01) |
28.66
(0.97) |
| 21-64 |
8.27
(0.20) |
6.79
(0.40) |
6.81
(0.32) |
6.96
(0.36) |
6.13
(0.36) |
6.32
(0.39) |
6.34
(0.30) |
7.13
(0.32) |
7.48
(0.33) |
7.65
(0.35) |
7.71
(0.34) |
| > 64 |
10.20
(0.31) |
11.20
(0.77) |
10.36
(0.68) |
12.37
(0.87) |
10.10
(0.76) |
9.02
(0.69) |
9.20
(0.61) |
9.74
(0.71) |
9.66
(0.64) |
10.39
(0.69) |
11.49
(0.73) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
51.74
(0.57) |
47.58
(1.62) |
48.14
(1.43) |
47.13
(1.72) |
46.47
(1.89) |
46.13
(2.13) |
46.94
(1.46) |
49.47
(1.30) |
49.79
(1.19) |
50.78
(1.12) |
51.60
(1.15) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
25.33
(0.37) |
15.59
(0.96) |
16.69
(0.78) |
20.39
(1.10) |
19.90
(1.10) |
20.69
(1.21) |
21.27
(0.87) |
23.39
(0.90) |
24.88
(0.92) |
25.48
(0.92) |
25.95
(0.97) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
7.33
(0.16) |
3.22
(0.31) |
3.86
(0.30) |
4.76
(0.39) |
4.22
(0.34) |
5.30
(0.52) |
5.77
(0.39) |
6.59
(0.38) |
6.49
(0.44) |
6.95
(0.46) |
7.49
(0.44) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
1.51
(0.05) |
1.36
(0.22) |
1.10
(0.17) |
1.61
(0.22) |
1.02
(0.15) |
0.95
(0.16) |
1.04
(0.12) |
1.20
(0.14) |
1.37
(0.19) |
1.04
(0.15) |
1.51
(0.17) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
11.31
(0.24) |
7.52
(0.45) |
7.64
(0.37) |
8.21
(0.45) |
7.90
(0.43) |
8.28
(0.48) |
9.13
(0.40) |
10.21
(0.45) |
10.54
(0.40) |
10.76
(0.43) |
11.27
(0.43) |
| Not employed |
23.73
(0.47) |
23.71
(1.06) |
22.79
(0.93) |
23.39
(0.98) |
20.94
(1.07) |
20.32
(1.13) |
20.18
(0.81) |
21.27
(0.89) |
22.42
(0.85) |
23.04
(0.89) |
23.15
(0.83) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
32.31
(0.52) |
28.38
(1.31) |
28.75
(1.15) |
28.88
(1.12) |
27.74
(1.36) |
26.69
(1.30) |
26.75
(0.98) |
27.82
(1.06) |
29.46
(0.92) |
30.89
(0.92) |
32.04
(1.08) |
| 12 yrs |
17.30
(0.34) |
12.61
(0.78) |
13.10
(0.63) |
13.93
(0.71) |
11.25
(0.68) |
12.20
(0.73) |
13.02
(0.57) |
14.85
(0.63) |
15.72
(0.65) |
16.86
(0.72) |
16.66
(0.64) |
| > 12 yrs |
7.64
(0.19) |
4.13
(0.35) |
4.44
(0.32) |
4.81
(0.39) |
4.07
(0.36) |
4.43
(0.44) |
5.16
(0.35) |
5.82
(0.38) |
6.20
(0.36) |
6.16
(0.35) |
6.74
(0.36) |
Table 4. Percent population with public dental coverage; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
14.12
(0.45) |
14.47
(0.44) |
14.59
(0.50) |
15.12
(0.49) |
16.33
(0.55) |
16.85
(0.57) |
17.08
(0.57) |
17.49
(0.60) |
18.79
(0.63) |
19.30
(0.62) |
| Sex |
| Male |
12.32
(0.46) |
12.84
(0.45) |
12.96
(0.54) |
13.57
(0.49) |
14.46
(0.50) |
15.31
(0.56) |
15.63
(0.56) |
15.83
(0.58) |
17.31
(0.62) |
17.56
(0.58) |
| Female |
15.86
(0.52) |
16.03
(0.51) |
16.16
(0.56) |
16.62
(0.57) |
18.14
(0.64) |
18.33
(0.63) |
18.46
(0.63) |
19.08
(0.67) |
20.21
(0.71) |
20.96
(0.74) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
27.71
(1.09) |
27.97
(0.95) |
27.72
(1.05) |
29.17
(1.18) |
31.51
(1.15) |
32.07
(1.13) |
31.43
(1.18) |
31.16
(1.19) |
32.78
(1.14) |
33.24
(1.14) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
8.46
(0.42) |
8.82
(0.47) |
9.08
(0.54) |
9.18
(0.44) |
9.41
(0.47) |
10.05
(0.51) |
10.62
(0.52) |
10.76
(0.50) |
11.86
(0.57) |
12.29
(0.62) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
26.99
(1.10) |
26.93
(1.18) |
27.46
(1.25) |
28.21
(1.05) |
31.20
(1.24) |
30.84
(1.25) |
30.44
(1.18) |
31.79
(1.17) |
31.99
(1.06) |
32.94
(1.27) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
15.83
(1.30) |
16.01
(1.39) |
14.06
(1.21) |
15.58
(1.11) |
18.81
(1.37) |
17.89
(1.25) |
17.25
(1.38) |
18.84
(1.37) |
20.62
(1.54) |
20.11
(1.38) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
29.30
(0.97) |
30.55
(0.98) |
30.50
(1.09) |
31.88
(1.14) |
34.64
(1.11) |
35.64
(1.13) |
35.99
(1.25) |
36.63
(1.21) |
37.59
(1.27) |
37.40
(1.31) |
| 21-64 |
7.48
(0.31) |
7.46
(0.31) |
7.90
(0.36) |
8.09
(0.33) |
8.93
(0.41) |
9.50
(0.43) |
9.68
(0.37) |
10.07
(0.42) |
12.09
(0.58) |
13.09
(0.54) |
| > 64 |
10.29
(0.67) |
10.60
(0.70) |
9.31
(0.80) |
9.46
(0.65) |
9.72
(0.70) |
9.73
(0.77) |
10.24
(0.75) |
10.73
(0.75) |
10.07
(0.68) |
10.48
(0.65) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
50.73
(1.27) |
51.93
(1.34) |
50.56
(1.31) |
51.17
(1.22) |
53.87
(1.38) |
53.96
(1.30) |
54.67
(1.05) |
55.84
(1.19) |
58.27
(1.38) |
61.61
(1.33) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
26.78
(0.95) |
27.08
(0.99) |
25.55
(0.94) |
25.35
(0.87) |
27.20
(1.08) |
28.92
(0.87) |
28.51
(0.90) |
29.85
(0.96) |
32.82
(1.08) |
35.20
(1.10) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
7.94
(0.47) |
8.17
(0.48) |
8.24
(0.52) |
7.90
(0.45) |
8.20
(0.52) |
8.25
(0.52) |
9.38
(0.58) |
9.63
(0.52) |
10.94
(0.58) |
12.36
(0.68) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
1.18
(0.14) |
1.38
(0.17) |
1.46
(0.16) |
1.65
(0.20) |
1.80
(0.21) |
1.83
(0.22) |
1.59
(0.19) |
1.94
(0.19) |
2.33
(0.23) |
2.55
(0.22) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
11.48
(0.43) |
11.83
(0.46) |
11.83
(0.49) |
11.91
(0.45) |
12.80
(0.49) |
13.51
(0.49) |
13.54
(0.53) |
14.14
(0.56) |
15.75
(0.58) |
16.33
(0.59) |
| Not employed |
22.43
(0.84) |
22.62
(0.75) |
22.78
(0.87) |
23.81
(0.90) |
25.60
(0.92) |
25.50
(1.03) |
25.87
(0.90) |
26.18
(0.98) |
27.04
(0.98) |
27.31
(0.99) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
31.92
(1.00) |
33.24
(0.92) |
32.49
(0.94) |
33.37
(0.96) |
37.08
(1.12) |
38.75
(1.16) |
39.10
(1.06) |
39.34
(1.12) |
40.80
(1.33) |
42.52
(1.35) |
| 12 yrs |
16.68
(0.68) |
16.84
(0.77) |
17.87
(0.91) |
19.03
(0.77) |
20.51
(0.85) |
21.62
(0.83) |
22.62
(0.86) |
23.24
(0.95) |
24.20
(0.98) |
25.40
(0.88) |
| > 12 yrs |
6.92
(0.36) |
7.36
(0.42) |
7.63
(0.40) |
7.80
(0.37) |
9.30
(0.45) |
10.08
(0.43) |
9.97
(0.46) |
10.63
(0.48) |
12.38
(0.54) |
11.85
(0.52) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 5. Percent population with no dental coverage; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
33.14
(0.30) |
36.41
(0.76) |
36.21
(0.59) |
34.99
(0.77) |
34.08
(0.70) |
33.88
(0.90) |
32.91
(0.59) |
32.64
(0.52) |
33.02
(0.56) |
32.28
(0.55) |
32.16
(0.53) |
| Sex |
| Male |
34.64
(0.33) |
37.90
(0.85) |
37.73
(0.68) |
36.34
(0.85) |
35.28
(0.78) |
35.18
(0.99) |
34.00
(0.68) |
33.92
(0.58) |
34.72
(0.62) |
34.06
(0.64) |
33.87
(0.62) |
| Female |
31.70
(0.30) |
34.98
(0.79) |
34.76
(0.62) |
33.70
(0.82) |
32.94
(0.77) |
32.63
(0.92) |
31.88
(0.61) |
31.42
(0.57) |
31.39
(0.61) |
30.57
(0.57) |
30.51
(0.57) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
37.71
(0.56) |
40.62
(1.37) |
41.87
(1.21) |
40.60
(1.50) |
41.29
(1.36) |
40.71
(1.33) |
40.82
(1.14) |
39.22
(1.14) |
37.83
(1.08) |
38.03
(1.04) |
37.47
(1.12) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
33.76
(0.36) |
37.04
(0.84) |
36.53
(0.70) |
35.11
(0.98) |
34.29
(0.83) |
34.00
(1.04) |
33.32
(0.71) |
33.04
(0.63) |
33.57
(0.74) |
32.83
(0.67) |
32.41
(0.67) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
27.23
(0.38) |
30.87
(1.56) |
30.84
(1.18) |
30.65
(1.54) |
27.53
(1.50) |
29.08
(1.38) |
25.34
(0.97) |
25.99
(1.00) |
26.85
(1.05) |
24.84
(1.14) |
26.04
(0.90) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
27.51
(0.61) |
30.98
(2.93) |
31.28
(2.71) |
29.94
(3.20) |
29.44
(2.35) |
26.05
(3.10) |
24.38
(1.65) |
26.81
(1.68) |
28.36
(1.65) |
27.93
(1.57) |
29.05
(1.77) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
19.16
(0.30) |
26.83
(1.02) |
27.38
(0.79) |
24.98
(0.99) |
23.52
(0.86) |
22.91
(1.10) |
20.83
(0.70) |
20.20
(0.62) |
19.07
(0.65) |
18.50
(0.64) |
18.34
(0.63) |
| 21-64 |
32.74
(0.36) |
35.06
(0.79) |
34.36
(0.66) |
33.49
(0.83) |
32.09
(0.75) |
32.28
(0.97) |
31.83
(0.68) |
31.78
(0.58) |
32.62
(0.63) |
31.91
(0.62) |
32.09
(0.63) |
| > 64 |
65.42
(0.46) |
65.61
(1.32) |
66.01
(1.19) |
66.15
(1.37) |
68.77
(1.19) |
67.94
(1.22) |
66.58
(1.02) |
65.77
(1.06) |
67.26
(1.23) |
65.83
(1.14) |
64.05
(1.18) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
33.47
(0.48) |
36.42
(1.46) |
34.49
(1.30) |
35.06
(1.51) |
34.58
(1.55) |
35.78
(1.62) |
35.07
(1.15) |
34.31
(1.15) |
34.37
(0.99) |
34.42
(1.10) |
32.91
(1.07) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
43.49
(0.38) |
50.06
(1.27) |
48.81
(1.20) |
45.29
(1.48) |
46.18
(1.34) |
44.10
(1.25) |
46.12
(1.13) |
44.49
(0.99) |
44.08
(1.04) |
41.93
(1.02) |
42.07
(1.01) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
35.28
(0.34) |
35.96
(0.99) |
38.67
(0.98) |
38.17
(1.13) |
35.57
(0.99) |
36.96
(1.22) |
33.30
(0.90) |
33.81
(0.83) |
35.18
(0.93) |
34.87
(0.89) |
34.60
(0.81) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
26.05
(0.36) |
28.65
(1.04) |
27.69
(0.85) |
27.27
(1.08) |
26.88
(0.94) |
25.97
(1.15) |
25.51
(0.80) |
25.39
(0.73) |
25.35
(0.83) |
24.52
(0.77) |
25.07
(0.77) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
27.97
(0.30) |
32.36
(0.83) |
32.23
(0.63) |
30.51
(0.81) |
28.86
(0.71) |
28.66
(0.90) |
27.89
(0.60) |
27.62
(0.51) |
27.90
(0.58) |
26.92
(0.57) |
27.09
(0.56) |
| Not employed |
48.25
(0.39) |
49.34
(1.04) |
48.91
(0.97) |
49.32
(1.07) |
51.63
(1.04) |
51.34
(1.13) |
49.31
(0.85) |
48.06
(0.83) |
48.76
(0.92) |
48.52
(0.88) |
47.30
(0.91) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
45.17
(0.45) |
50.58
(1.29) |
50.61
(1.18) |
50.15
(1.19) |
46.78
(1.22) |
47.06
(1.17) |
46.38
(0.91) |
45.28
(1.00) |
45.80
(0.98) |
44.33
(0.94) |
42.55
(0.98) |
| 12 yrs |
36.89
(0.34) |
38.68
(0.89) |
39.02
(0.86) |
37.96
(1.02) |
36.32
(0.97) |
36.23
(1.00) |
34.99
(0.80) |
34.83
(0.74) |
34.82
(0.75) |
34.61
(0.77) |
34.92
(0.71) |
| > 12 yrs |
27.38
(0.33) |
29.51
(0.91) |
29.76
(0.71) |
28.08
(0.97) |
27.39
(0.86) |
27.24
(1.07) |
26.26
(0.69) |
26.08
(0.63) |
27.14
(0.72) |
26.62
(0.68) |
26.84
(0.67) |
Table 5. Percent population with no dental coverage; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
32.61
(0.52) |
33.49
(0.52) |
34.04
(0.57) |
34.15
(0.58) |
34.08
(0.61) |
33.20
(0.59) |
33.19
(0.62) |
32.34
(0.56) |
29.85
(0.60) |
28.64
(0.56) |
| Sex |
| Male |
34.27
(0.62) |
34.91
(0.62) |
35.68
(0.64) |
35.90
(0.69) |
35.84
(0.72) |
34.29
(0.65) |
34.89
(0.72) |
33.98
(0.64) |
31.24
(0.65) |
30.13
(0.57) |
| Female |
31.02
(0.56) |
32.12
(0.57) |
32.47
(0.64) |
32.46
(0.62) |
32.39
(0.65) |
32.15
(0.64) |
31.56
(0.65) |
30.77
(0.62) |
28.53
(0.67) |
27.22
(0.68) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
37.44
(1.08) |
38.88
(1.17) |
39.30
(1.23) |
38.89
(1.33) |
38.68
(1.25) |
36.46
(1.12) |
36.12
(0.96) |
36.19
(0.95) |
32.25
(1.05) |
30.69
(1.07) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
33.17
(0.73) |
34.29
(0.71) |
34.51
(0.76) |
34.73
(0.74) |
34.80
(0.76) |
33.85
(0.76) |
33.97
(0.84) |
33.13
(0.77) |
30.84
(0.79) |
29.75
(0.81) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
25.54
(0.89) |
26.31
(0.97) |
27.81
(0.96) |
27.84
(0.84) |
26.89
(0.94) |
27.26
(0.89) |
28.26
(0.77) |
27.14
(0.71) |
25.84
(0.79) |
24.61
(0.86) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
29.19
(2.01) |
26.47
(1.51) |
28.53
(1.65) |
28.86
(1.43) |
29.35
(1.32) |
29.72
(1.38) |
27.95
(1.40) |
26.04
(1.42) |
23.99
(1.34) |
23.07
(1.37) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
17.82
(0.64) |
19.21
(0.72) |
18.95
(0.75) |
18.04
(0.74) |
17.86
(0.73) |
16.09
(0.76) |
14.93
(0.72) |
13.99
(0.66) |
13.04
(0.69) |
12.06
(0.64) |
| 21-64 |
32.71
(0.61) |
33.07
(0.60) |
34.03
(0.64) |
34.51
(0.70) |
34.58
(0.77) |
33.97
(0.68) |
34.30
(0.72) |
33.58
(0.73) |
29.46
(0.72) |
27.65
(0.63) |
| > 64 |
65.76
(1.09) |
67.18
(1.05) |
67.38
(1.09) |
67.85
(1.04) |
66.43
(1.10) |
64.18
(1.09) |
63.87
(1.06) |
61.88
(1.12) |
62.04
(1.16) |
61.56
(1.17) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
34.20
(1.12) |
34.51
(1.15) |
36.71
(1.21) |
35.83
(1.14) |
34.40
(1.25) |
31.88
(1.00) |
32.05
(0.95) |
32.28
(1.09) |
28.50
(1.07) |
25.19
(1.04) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
42.22
(1.00) |
44.00
(1.06) |
43.42
(1.07) |
44.83
(0.96) |
42.30
(1.01) |
41.79
(1.00) |
43.18
(0.97) |
41.09
(1.10) |
39.53
(1.17) |
36.62
(0.97) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
34.56
(0.86) |
36.17
(0.87) |
35.64
(0.94) |
35.88
(0.87) |
37.12
(0.96) |
35.37
(0.94) |
34.98
(0.95) |
34.78
(0.91) |
32.04
(0.94) |
32.13
(0.85) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
25.93
(0.80) |
26.13
(0.80) |
27.03
(0.85) |
26.49
(0.86) |
27.23
(0.93) |
27.19
(0.95) |
26.76
(0.91) |
25.76
(0.91) |
23.92
(1.00) |
23.64
(0.91) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
27.49
(0.55) |
28.15
(0.55) |
28.31
(0.59) |
28.48
(0.64) |
28.71
(0.68) |
27.68
(0.64) |
27.82
(0.67) |
27.04
(0.65) |
24.32
(0.62) |
22.74
(0.55) |
| Not employed |
48.73
(0.91) |
49.79
(0.86) |
50.90
(0.87) |
49.42
(0.81) |
48.07
(0.82) |
47.39
(0.89) |
46.46
(0.84) |
45.94
(0.97) |
44.74
(0.98) |
44.49
(0.96) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
43.87
(1.01) |
43.77
(1.03) |
46.19
(1.08) |
46.54
(1.03) |
43.60
(1.10) |
43.51
(1.12) |
42.51
(1.01) |
41.74
(1.03) |
40.12
(1.22) |
38.40
(1.22) |
| 12 yrs |
36.26
(0.72) |
37.66
(0.80) |
38.46
(0.87) |
39.32
(0.88) |
40.06
(0.99) |
38.24
(0.88) |
37.31
(0.80) |
38.89
(0.86) |
36.76
(0.91) |
33.30
(0.84) |
| > 12 yrs |
26.77
(0.66) |
27.83
(0.66) |
27.92
(0.77) |
27.66
(0.68) |
28.86
(0.66) |
28.44
(0.71) |
29.14
(0.79) |
27.46
(0.69) |
24.98
(0.67) |
24.39
(0.65) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 6. Percent population with a dental visit; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
42.58
(0.34) |
42.93
(0.75) |
41.79
(0.68) |
42.40
(0.80) |
43.05
(0.69) |
41.60
(0.82) |
42.62
(0.55) |
43.49
(0.62) |
44.04
(0.67) |
43.63
(0.64) |
43.31
(0.65) |
| Sex |
| Male |
39.20
(0.33) |
39.69
(0.84) |
38.55
(0.76) |
38.82
(0.84) |
39.36
(0.75) |
38.16
(0.86) |
38.96
(0.65) |
39.90
(0.66) |
40.33
(0.73) |
40.08
(0.66) |
39.95
(0.74) |
| Female |
45.81
(0.36) |
46.03
(0.80) |
44.90
(0.72) |
45.83
(0.93) |
46.56
(0.80) |
44.88
(0.91) |
46.10
(0.60) |
46.92
(0.70) |
47.60
(0.74) |
47.04
(0.75) |
46.53
(0.71) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
28.58
(0.37) |
28.50
(1.21) |
26.76
(0.95) |
25.73
(1.05) |
25.05
(1.02) |
25.66
(1.14) |
27.15
(0.91) |
26.40
(0.78) |
27.22
(0.93) |
28.92
(0.97) |
27.81
(0.99) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
48.48
(0.37) |
48.31
(0.86) |
47.12
(0.77) |
47.83
(0.88) |
49.04
(0.79) |
47.30
(0.94) |
48.66
(0.61) |
50.28
(0.68) |
50.65
(0.80) |
49.44
(0.72) |
49.48
(0.74) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
29.37
(0.39) |
26.07
(1.11) |
26.33
(1.00) |
28.18
(1.36) |
27.75
(1.32) |
26.84
(1.31) |
27.38
(1.04) |
28.10
(0.89) |
28.88
(1.12) |
30.17
(1.00) |
30.40
(1.11) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
38.95
(0.53) |
39.28
(2.67) |
37.84
(2.22) |
38.49
(3.14) |
38.09
(2.73) |
35.26
(2.51) |
36.44
(2.16) |
37.35
(1.77) |
39.82
(1.68) |
41.50
(1.70) |
39.68
(1.59) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
44.47
(0.39) |
42.24
(1.06) |
40.77
(0.91) |
41.22
(1.08) |
41.47
(1.02) |
41.91
(1.09) |
42.26
(0.85) |
43.73
(0.85) |
45.42
(0.88) |
45.42
(0.92) |
45.29
(0.97) |
| 21-64 |
41.46
(0.37) |
43.89
(0.79) |
42.88
(0.73) |
43.66
(0.88) |
44.11
(0.73) |
41.68
(0.97) |
43.30
(0.64) |
43.64
(0.71) |
43.78
(0.75) |
42.87
(0.70) |
42.02
(0.71) |
| > 64 |
43.31
(0.50) |
40.26
(1.40) |
39.38
(1.24) |
39.57
(1.36) |
42.08
(1.39) |
40.47
(1.43) |
40.35
(1.01) |
42.27
(1.12) |
42.05
(1.39) |
42.98
(1.25) |
44.75
(1.32) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
26.72
(0.28) |
26.22
(1.12) |
24.19
(0.91) |
26.02
(1.20) |
26.68
(1.14) |
25.86
(1.15) |
25.17
(0.97) |
25.87
(0.95) |
26.16
(0.88) |
26.54
(0.89) |
27.08
(0.92) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
29.60
(0.30) |
28.88
(1.05) |
29.83
(0.99) |
27.00
(1.13) |
26.68
(1.10) |
28.75
(1.15) |
28.78
(0.83) |
29.45
(0.89) |
30.10
(0.87) |
29.91
(0.87) |
29.69
(0.88) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
40.98
(0.35) |
44.92
(0.97) |
42.09
(0.87) |
42.00
(1.04) |
42.11
(0.96) |
40.23
(1.00) |
41.22
(0.79) |
41.10
(0.80) |
42.41
(0.96) |
41.88
(0.87) |
41.55
(0.95) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
56.16
(0.37) |
56.57
(0.94) |
54.83
(0.92) |
55.81
(0.98) |
56.77
(0.98) |
53.42
(1.04) |
55.92
(0.77) |
58.05
(0.75) |
58.26
(0.91) |
57.90
(0.86) |
56.88
(0.87) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
55.84
(0.34) |
56.05
(0.85) |
54.97
(0.78) |
55.48
(0.88) |
54.78
(0.88) |
52.46
(0.97) |
54.01
(0.66) |
56.03
(0.70) |
56.88
(0.82) |
56.87
(0.79) |
56.60
(0.76) |
| Only public |
30.21
(0.35) |
26.86
(1.25) |
25.20
(0.88) |
26.62
(1.13) |
26.10
(1.17) |
27.84
(1.39) |
27.10
(0.94) |
28.21
(0.90) |
30.22
(1.01) |
30.22
(0.87) |
30.60
(0.96) |
| Neither |
27.01
(0.35) |
29.13
(0.89) |
27.85
(0.73) |
27.86
(0.91) |
29.56
(0.88) |
28.44
(0.92) |
28.97
(0.73) |
28.63
(0.71) |
28.88
(0.84) |
27.24
(0.71) |
26.79
(0.79) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
44.13
(0.34) |
44.33
(0.78) |
43.32
(0.69) |
44.03
(0.83) |
44.50
(0.75) |
43.10
(0.84) |
44.07
(0.61) |
45.14
(0.66) |
45.53
(0.73) |
45.45
(0.68) |
44.71
(0.68) |
| Not employed |
38.09
(0.40) |
38.53
(1.05) |
36.97
(1.00) |
37.26
(1.12) |
38.28
(0.95) |
36.64
(1.08) |
37.88
(0.81) |
38.48
(0.87) |
39.50
(0.93) |
38.18
(0.91) |
39.22
(0.99) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
23.41
(0.29) |
23.23
(0.92) |
23.03
(0.82) |
21.82
(0.93) |
22.71
(0.83) |
23.02
(0.97) |
24.27
(0.85) |
23.77
(0.68) |
23.30
(0.78) |
22.95
(0.71) |
24.47
(0.79) |
| 12 yrs |
35.89
(0.34) |
38.25
(0.91) |
36.25
(0.90) |
35.45
(0.94) |
37.24
(0.84) |
36.84
(0.94) |
37.89
(0.74) |
38.98
(0.75) |
39.53
(0.76) |
37.59
(0.82) |
38.03
(0.82) |
| > 12 yrs |
52.09
(0.33) |
53.55
(0.86) |
51.37
(0.73) |
53.62
(0.92) |
55.21
(0.82) |
51.94
(0.87) |
52.96
(0.68) |
54.31
(0.69) |
54.61
(0.80) |
54.54
(0.72) |
53.11
(0.75) |
Table 6. Percent population with a dental visit; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
43.11
(0.62) |
43.59
(0.56) |
42.23
(0.56) |
42.20
(0.61) |
41.27
(0.63) |
41.11
(0.62) |
41.44
(0.63) |
42.41
(0.53) |
42.64
(0.60) |
42.88
(0.66) |
| Sex |
| Male |
39.90
(0.67) |
39.85
(0.66) |
38.50
(0.69) |
38.75
(0.65) |
37.94
(0.66) |
37.97
(0.70) |
38.41
(0.73) |
39.31
(0.60) |
39.70
(0.71) |
39.98
(0.77) |
| Female |
46.21
(0.70) |
47.17
(0.62) |
45.82
(0.63) |
45.52
(0.70) |
44.48
(0.77) |
44.11
(0.68) |
44.34
(0.68) |
45.37
(0.62) |
45.46
(0.71) |
45.66
(0.70) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
26.46
(0.83) |
28.90
(1.04) |
28.24
(0.79) |
27.84
(0.78) |
28.73
(0.91) |
29.87
(1.02) |
30.01
(0.83) |
31.56
(0.81) |
31.09
(0.81) |
33.18
(1.02) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
49.68
(0.66) |
49.85
(0.67) |
48.11
(0.72) |
48.23
(0.79) |
46.74
(0.84) |
46.80
(0.87) |
47.13
(0.80) |
47.81
(0.72) |
48.56
(0.82) |
48.66
(0.84) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
30.76
(1.08) |
30.77
(1.08) |
29.63
(1.02) |
30.15
(0.98) |
31.15
(0.95) |
29.59
(0.90) |
30.17
(1.08) |
32.08
(0.83) |
31.58
(0.81) |
30.20
(0.97) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
38.54
(1.68) |
39.43
(1.63) |
40.62
(1.62) |
39.90
(1.46) |
37.68
(1.43) |
36.53
(1.45) |
37.86
(1.61) |
39.48
(1.49) |
39.99
(1.25) |
40.72
(1.24) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
45.76
(0.91) |
45.96
(0.83) |
43.30
(0.88) |
44.23
(0.93) |
44.37
(1.03) |
44.40
(1.03) |
46.50
(1.02) |
48.36
(0.87) |
48.20
(0.97) |
47.95
(1.04) |
| 21-64 |
41.71
(0.68) |
42.20
(0.63) |
41.33
(0.67) |
40.74
(0.66) |
39.28
(0.68) |
38.65
(0.68) |
38.33
(0.64) |
38.78
(0.62) |
38.89
(0.70) |
39.45
(0.75) |
| > 64 |
43.55
(1.14) |
44.63
(1.11) |
43.86
(1.15) |
44.19
(1.08) |
43.33
(1.20) |
44.69
(1.19) |
44.16
(1.33) |
45.48
(1.21) |
46.78
(1.31) |
46.72
(1.13) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
26.08
(0.93) |
27.58
(0.92) |
26.22
(0.78) |
26.80
(0.90) |
26.50
(0.89) |
26.65
(0.76) |
27.40
(0.85) |
28.13
(0.86) |
29.38
(0.81) |
28.02
(0.99) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
28.79
(1.00) |
30.06
(0.87) |
30.12
(0.87) |
29.27
(0.86) |
30.72
(0.84) |
29.70
(0.88) |
28.64
(0.90) |
31.92
(0.97) |
30.30
(0.99) |
32.34
(0.97) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
40.84
(0.87) |
41.17
(0.86) |
40.51
(0.87) |
40.37
(0.78) |
38.71
(0.95) |
39.68
(0.99) |
40.32
(1.01) |
40.28
(0.93) |
39.22
(0.97) |
39.39
(0.91) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
57.36
(0.81) |
57.05
(0.84) |
55.53
(0.90) |
56.55
(1.02) |
54.98
(0.98) |
54.72
(1.03) |
55.20
(0.92) |
55.41
(0.87) |
56.59
(0.95) |
55.32
(0.94) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
56.54
(0.70) |
57.36
(0.71) |
56.41
(0.76) |
57.21
(0.77) |
56.32
(0.90) |
55.18
(0.92) |
55.25
(0.83) |
56.31
(0.69) |
56.30
(0.73) |
55.68
(0.85) |
| Only public |
30.41
(0.98) |
31.28
(0.86) |
29.84
(0.99) |
30.94
(1.02) |
30.61
(1.03) |
30.56
(0.91) |
31.34
(0.82) |
33.67
(1.03) |
33.41
(0.90) |
33.09
(0.86) |
| Neither |
26.68
(0.83) |
27.50
(0.75) |
26.13
(0.73) |
24.88
(0.77) |
24.47
(0.86) |
25.28
(0.79) |
25.94
(0.93) |
25.58
(0.74) |
24.94
(0.85) |
26.22
(0.74) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
44.41
(0.65) |
44.89
(0.62) |
43.67
(0.66) |
43.80
(0.66) |
43.52
(0.71) |
42.93
(0.67) |
43.15
(0.70) |
43.93
(0.57) |
43.89
(0.64) |
44.32
(0.75) |
| Not employed |
39.10
(0.93) |
39.68
(0.83) |
38.06
(0.77) |
37.93
(0.85) |
35.42
(0.85) |
36.46
(0.88) |
37.25
(0.91) |
38.56
(0.92) |
39.35
(0.95) |
39.05
(0.82) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
22.54
(0.74) |
24.75
(0.91) |
23.47
(0.79) |
22.44
(0.73) |
22.68
(0.81) |
22.89
(0.81) |
22.96
(0.80) |
24.99
(0.86) |
23.90
(0.83) |
25.38
(0.91) |
| 12 yrs |
37.18
(0.83) |
36.54
(0.76) |
35.40
(0.76) |
34.53
(0.74) |
33.04
(0.83) |
31.78
(0.84) |
32.59
(0.89) |
32.14
(0.85) |
32.79
(0.87) |
34.08
(0.81) |
| > 12 yrs |
53.23
(0.69) |
53.45
(0.70) |
51.62
(0.72) |
52.10
(0.76) |
49.79
(0.76) |
49.57
(0.77) |
49.41
(0.73) |
50.43
(0.62) |
50.29
(0.69) |
50.59
(0.77) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 7. Conditional mean number visits per person; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
2.37
(0.01) |
2.55
(0.03) |
2.53
(0.03) |
2.49
(0.04) |
2.49
(0.03) |
2.48
(0.03) |
2.48
(0.03) |
2.47
(0.03) |
2.45
(0.03) |
2.47
(0.03) |
2.39
(0.02) |
| Sex |
| Male |
2.29
(0.01) |
2.48
(0.05) |
2.39
(0.04) |
2.39
(0.04) |
2.43
(0.04) |
2.38
(0.04) |
2.38
(0.04) |
2.42
(0.04) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.42
(0.04) |
2.33
(0.03) |
| Female |
2.43
(0.01) |
2.61
(0.04) |
2.65
(0.04) |
2.58
(0.05) |
2.53
(0.04) |
2.56
(0.05) |
2.56
(0.04) |
2.52
(0.03) |
2.51
(0.03) |
2.50
(0.04) |
2.44
(0.03) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
2.11
(0.02) |
2.22
(0.07) |
2.26
(0.07) |
2.22
(0.07) |
2.26
(0.09) |
2.09
(0.06) |
2.17
(0.06) |
2.22
(0.06) |
2.20
(0.07) |
2.17
(0.07) |
2.21
(0.06) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
2.45
(0.01) |
2.63
(0.04) |
2.61
(0.03) |
2.58
(0.04) |
2.56
(0.04) |
2.57
(0.04) |
2.57
(0.03) |
2.54
(0.03) |
2.53
(0.03) |
2.57
(0.03) |
2.46
(0.03) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
2.00
(0.02) |
2.05
(0.08) |
2.07
(0.07) |
2.02
(0.06) |
2.14
(0.08) |
2.05
(0.09) |
2.00
(0.06) |
2.05
(0.06) |
1.98
(0.06) |
2.03
(0.07) |
2.07
(0.08) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
2.24
(0.03) |
2.54
(0.18) |
2.39
(0.16) |
2.18
(0.14) |
2.08
(0.10) |
2.36
(0.15) |
2.45
(0.14) |
2.42
(0.10) |
2.36
(0.09) |
2.28
(0.07) |
2.34
(0.09) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
2.43
(0.02) |
2.70
(0.07) |
2.63
(0.06) |
2.62
(0.07) |
2.65
(0.07) |
2.61
(0.07) |
2.58
(0.06) |
2.60
(0.05) |
2.51
(0.05) |
2.64
(0.06) |
2.44
(0.05) |
| 21-64 |
2.26
(0.01) |
2.40
(0.04) |
2.41
(0.03) |
2.37
(0.03) |
2.34
(0.04) |
2.34
(0.04) |
2.37
(0.03) |
2.36
(0.03) |
2.37
(0.03) |
2.32
(0.03) |
2.29
(0.03) |
| > 64 |
2.67
(0.02) |
2.92
(0.09) |
2.88
(0.08) |
2.77
(0.10) |
2.80
(0.09) |
2.81
(0.07) |
2.81
(0.07) |
2.71
(0.06) |
2.68
(0.07) |
2.72
(0.07) |
2.72
(0.07) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
2.06
(0.02) |
2.11
(0.08) |
2.28
(0.12) |
2.16
(0.09) |
2.17
(0.08) |
2.06
(0.08) |
2.13
(0.07) |
2.11
(0.06) |
2.19
(0.09) |
2.19
(0.08) |
2.17
(0.07) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
2.21
(0.02) |
2.37
(0.08) |
2.16
(0.07) |
2.28
(0.08) |
2.34
(0.09) |
2.48
(0.12) |
2.30
(0.07) |
2.18
(0.05) |
2.24
(0.06) |
2.16
(0.06) |
2.26
(0.07) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
2.35
(0.01) |
2.56
(0.06) |
2.57
(0.05) |
2.48
(0.05) |
2.44
(0.05) |
2.46
(0.05) |
2.42
(0.05) |
2.44
(0.04) |
2.39
(0.04) |
2.36
(0.04) |
2.43
(0.05) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.47
(0.01) |
2.69
(0.05) |
2.65
(0.04) |
2.60
(0.05) |
2.59
(0.05) |
2.56
(0.05) |
2.62
(0.04) |
2.61
(0.03) |
2.58
(0.04) |
2.65
(0.04) |
2.44
(0.03) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.44
(0.01) |
2.65
(0.04) |
2.64
(0.04) |
2.56
(0.04) |
2.56
(0.04) |
2.55
(0.04) |
2.55
(0.03) |
2.55
(0.03) |
2.56
(0.03) |
2.54
(0.03) |
2.45
(0.03) |
| Only public |
2.05
(0.02) |
2.00
(0.08) |
2.13
(0.08) |
2.08
(0.07) |
2.18
(0.10) |
2.15
(0.10) |
2.20
(0.09) |
2.12
(0.06) |
2.07
(0.07) |
2.07
(0.07) |
2.06
(0.06) |
| Neither |
2.29
(0.01) |
2.44
(0.06) |
2.33
(0.05) |
2.41
(0.06) |
2.34
(0.06) |
2.39
(0.07) |
2.37
(0.05) |
2.35
(0.04) |
2.28
(0.04) |
2.40
(0.06) |
2.35
(0.05) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
2.32
(0.01) |
2.51
(0.04) |
2.49
(0.03) |
2.47
(0.04) |
2.46
(0.04) |
2.42
(0.04) |
2.42
(0.03) |
2.43
(0.03) |
2.41
(0.03) |
2.43
(0.03) |
2.33
(0.02) |
| Not employed |
2.54
(0.02) |
2.72
(0.07) |
2.69
(0.06) |
2.56
(0.07) |
2.60
(0.06) |
2.72
(0.08) |
2.74
(0.06) |
2.62
(0.04) |
2.61
(0.05) |
2.61
(0.05) |
2.62
(0.05) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
2.15
(0.02) |
2.33
(0.08) |
2.24
(0.08) |
2.20
(0.07) |
2.36
(0.08) |
2.42
(0.12) |
2.22
(0.07) |
2.25
(0.05) |
2.09
(0.06) |
2.16
(0.06) |
2.19
(0.07) |
| 12 yrs |
2.29
(0.01) |
2.45
(0.05) |
2.46
(0.05) |
2.40
(0.06) |
2.40
(0.05) |
2.34
(0.05) |
2.40
(0.05) |
2.35
(0.04) |
2.37
(0.05) |
2.36
(0.05) |
2.32
(0.04) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.43
(0.01) |
2.64
(0.04) |
2.60
(0.04) |
2.57
(0.04) |
2.55
(0.04) |
2.56
(0.05) |
2.57
(0.04) |
2.57
(0.03) |
2.54
(0.03) |
2.55
(0.03) |
2.46
(0.03) |
Table 7. Conditional mean number visits per person; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
2.37
(0.03) |
2.32
(0.02) |
2.32
(0.03) |
2.28
(0.02) |
2.20
(0.03) |
2.18
(0.02) |
2.15
(0.02) |
2.30
(0.03) |
2.29
(0.02) |
2.22
(0.02) |
| Sex |
| Male |
2.30
(0.03) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.25
(0.04) |
2.20
(0.03) |
2.16
(0.04) |
2.13
(0.03) |
2.09
(0.03) |
2.26
(0.04) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.15
(0.03) |
| Female |
2.43
(0.03) |
2.40
(0.03) |
2.37
(0.04) |
2.34
(0.03) |
2.23
(0.03) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.20
(0.03) |
2.33
(0.04) |
2.35
(0.03) |
2.28
(0.03) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
2.05
(0.06) |
2.10
(0.07) |
2.12
(0.05) |
2.09
(0.05) |
1.97
(0.05) |
2.10
(0.05) |
1.95
(0.05) |
2.06
(0.04) |
2.06
(0.04) |
2.05
(0.04) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
2.44
(0.03) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.40
(0.04) |
2.36
(0.03) |
2.28
(0.04) |
2.23
(0.03) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.40
(0.03) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.30
(0.03) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
2.08
(0.06) |
2.06
(0.06) |
2.00
(0.06) |
1.99
(0.06) |
1.88
(0.04) |
1.92
(0.05) |
1.87
(0.04) |
1.93
(0.06) |
1.93
(0.05) |
1.94
(0.05) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
2.39
(0.14) |
2.30
(0.09) |
2.16
(0.08) |
2.04
(0.06) |
2.14
(0.09) |
2.09
(0.08) |
2.17
(0.06) |
2.19
(0.06) |
2.27
(0.07) |
2.12
(0.06) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
2.44
(0.05) |
2.32
(0.05) |
2.29
(0.05) |
2.30
(0.05) |
2.26
(0.06) |
2.24
(0.05) |
2.16
(0.05) |
2.34
(0.05) |
2.31
(0.05) |
2.19
(0.05) |
| 21-64 |
2.26
(0.03) |
2.24
(0.03) |
2.25
(0.03) |
2.20
(0.03) |
2.09
(0.03) |
2.06
(0.02) |
2.04
(0.03) |
2.17
(0.03) |
2.14
(0.03) |
2.12
(0.03) |
| > 64 |
2.66
(0.06) |
2.69
(0.06) |
2.67
(0.08) |
2.53
(0.06) |
2.48
(0.07) |
2.47
(0.06) |
2.52
(0.07) |
2.63
(0.07) |
2.72
(0.06) |
2.58
(0.06) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
2.15
(0.08) |
1.97
(0.06) |
2.01
(0.07) |
2.00
(0.06) |
1.95
(0.05) |
1.94
(0.05) |
1.96
(0.06) |
2.00
(0.06) |
2.00
(0.06) |
1.97
(0.06) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
2.17
(0.06) |
2.26
(0.07) |
2.16
(0.06) |
2.14
(0.06) |
2.06
(0.05) |
2.09
(0.05) |
2.03
(0.05) |
2.24
(0.06) |
2.18
(0.06) |
2.18
(0.05) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
2.38
(0.05) |
2.24
(0.05) |
2.32
(0.05) |
2.26
(0.05) |
2.15
(0.05) |
2.18
(0.04) |
2.17
(0.04) |
2.24
(0.04) |
2.28
(0.05) |
2.23
(0.04) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.45
(0.03) |
2.44
(0.04) |
2.41
(0.04) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.32
(0.05) |
2.25
(0.04) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.41
(0.04) |
2.38
(0.04) |
2.27
(0.03) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.46
(0.03) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.39
(0.04) |
2.34
(0.03) |
2.27
(0.04) |
2.23
(0.03) |
2.19
(0.03) |
2.37
(0.03) |
2.35
(0.03) |
2.26
(0.03) |
| Only public |
2.12
(0.07) |
2.01
(0.06) |
1.95
(0.06) |
2.00
(0.05) |
2.02
(0.05) |
1.94
(0.04) |
1.97
(0.06) |
2.05
(0.05) |
2.02
(0.04) |
2.04
(0.05) |
| Neither |
2.18
(0.05) |
2.28
(0.05) |
2.26
(0.05) |
2.21
(0.05) |
2.08
(0.05) |
2.16
(0.05) |
2.13
(0.05) |
2.22
(0.05) |
2.31
(0.06) |
2.23
(0.05) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
2.33
(0.03) |
2.26
(0.03) |
2.25
(0.03) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.15
(0.03) |
2.12
(0.03) |
2.09
(0.03) |
2.23
(0.03) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.15
(0.03) |
| Not employed |
2.53
(0.04) |
2.53
(0.05) |
2.53
(0.06) |
2.45
(0.05) |
2.37
(0.05) |
2.35
(0.05) |
2.32
(0.05) |
2.49
(0.05) |
2.49
(0.06) |
2.44
(0.05) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
2.14
(0.06) |
2.07
(0.06) |
2.05
(0.08) |
2.02
(0.06) |
1.98
(0.06) |
2.03
(0.06) |
1.94
(0.06) |
2.02
(0.06) |
2.08
(0.07) |
2.03
(0.05) |
| 12 yrs |
2.29
(0.04) |
2.27
(0.05) |
2.33
(0.05) |
2.18
(0.04) |
2.08
(0.04) |
2.08
(0.04) |
2.03
(0.05) |
2.18
(0.05) |
2.19
(0.06) |
2.08
(0.04) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.43
(0.03) |
2.38
(0.03) |
2.35
(0.03) |
2.34
(0.03) |
2.26
(0.04) |
2.22
(0.03) |
2.21
(0.03) |
2.36
(0.03) |
2.34
(0.03) |
2.28
(0.03) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 8. Total dental visits (thousands); 1996—2015
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
294,540
(16,346) |
286,892
(12,630) |
289,093
(19,533) |
295,912
(17,719) |
287,430
(25,574) |
300,797
(15,185) |
309,850
(16,200) |
313,793
(16,477) |
315,713
(16,212) |
307,058
(15,784) |
| Sex |
| Male |
129,229
(7,538) |
122,201
(5,783) |
123,979
(8,407) |
128,561
(8,125) |
123,584
(11,476) |
128,631
(6,853) |
135,760
(7,416) |
136,764
(7,417) |
139,401
(7,429) |
135,335
(7,390) |
| Female |
165,311
(9,474) |
164,691
(7,495) |
165,113
(11,659) |
167,351
(10,092) |
163,847
(14,466) |
172,166
(8,890) |
174,090
(9,191) |
177,029
(9,506) |
176,312
(9,283) |
171,723
(8,959) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
18,931
(1,469) |
18,780
(1,133) |
18,327
(1,577) |
18,675
(1,539) |
18,197
(2,038) |
22,174
(1,444) |
23,275
(1,808) |
24,344
(1,961) |
26,543
(2,246) |
26,755
(2,169) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
246,077
(14,437) |
239,498
(11,631) |
242,164
(17,649) |
247,765
(15,800) |
240,583
(22,854) |
247,522
(13,389) |
250,069
(14,174) |
252,003
(14,323) |
249,026
(13,956) |
238,997
(13,550) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
17,991
(1,871) |
18,614
(1,338) |
19,642
(1,818) |
20,669
(2,079) |
19,317
(2,624) |
19,148
(1,435) |
20,052
(1,790) |
20,223
(1,787) |
21,722
(2,074) |
22,575
(2,197) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
11,541
(1,699) |
10,000
(1,222) |
8,961
(1,248) |
8,803
(1,115) |
9,333
(1,416) |
11,953
(1,403) |
16,455
(1,701) |
17,223
(1,752) |
18,422
(1,734) |
18,731
(1,771) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
93,998
(6,201) |
88,887
(4,671) |
90,461
(6,922) |
92,369
(6,152) |
93,123
(8,588) |
92,678
(5,343) |
96,455
(5,569) |
97,165
(5,797) |
102,646
(5,851) |
94,765
(5,397) |
| 21-64 |
160,522
(9,009) |
159,248
(7,244) |
160,981
(11,278) |
162,698
(10,046) |
154,732
(14,365) |
167,448
(8,734) |
171,820
(9,285) |
175,238
(9,493) |
169,831
(8,933) |
166,725
(8,712) |
| > 64 |
40,020
(2,980) |
38,757
(2,422) |
37,650
(3,112) |
40,845
(3,226) |
39,575
(4,010) |
40,671
(2,523) |
41,575
(2,755) |
41,390
(3,009) |
43,235
(3,140) |
45,568
(3,271) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
21,145
(1,757) |
20,119
(1,687) |
19,821
(1,890) |
19,013
(1,663) |
17,070
(1,792) |
18,042
(1,345) |
19,450
(1,425) |
21,141
(1,668) |
21,899
(1,629) |
22,268
(1,683) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
36,536
(2,707) |
32,880
(2,109) |
29,872
(2,431) |
32,063
(2,659) |
35,089
(3,998) |
34,760
(2,248) |
33,793
(2,163) |
36,316
(2,368) |
34,786
(2,268) |
36,236
(2,510) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
101,388
(6,631) |
97,168
(5,139) |
91,909
(6,459) |
88,612
(6,020) |
89,343
(8,687) |
89,596
(5,234) |
91,376
(5,478) |
91,227
(5,607) |
92,456
(5,563) |
93,643
(5,527) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
135,471
(8,771) |
136,726
(7,043) |
147,491
(11,443) |
156,223
(10,551) |
145,928
(13,649) |
158,399
(9,335) |
165,231
(9,602) |
165,109
(9,854) |
166,572
(9,611) |
154,912
(8,847) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
211,218
(8,550) |
206,774
(9,831) |
206,935
(15,038) |
213,494
(14,020) |
204,950
(19,199) |
216,757
(11,851) |
224,204
(12,435) |
226,179
(12,590) |
228,322
(12,355) |
220,430
(11,994) |
| Only public |
26,497
(968) |
16,412
(1,183) |
17,936
(1,633) |
17,142
(1,643) |
18,412
(2,335) |
19,887
(1,506) |
22,254
(1,690) |
24,448
(1,914) |
25,359
(1,926) |
26,671
(1,923) |
| Neither |
60,612
(2,310) |
63,706
(3,354) |
64,221
(4,673) |
65,276
(4,339) |
64,068
(5,847) |
64,154
(3,728) |
63,392
(3,665) |
63,166
(3,904) |
62,032
(3,761) |
59,957
(3,668) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
227,530
(13,062) |
222,559
(10,061) |
227,105
(15,830) |
232,924
(14,727) |
223,852
(20,311) |
231,646
(12,111) |
238,570
(12,838) |
240,361
(12,998) |
243,338
(12,685) |
230,878
(12,050) |
| Not employed |
66,996
(4,249) |
64,318
(3,491) |
61,986
(4,580) |
62,967
(4,056) |
63,579
(5,935) |
69,127
(3,885) |
71,263
(4,175) |
73,361
(4,351) |
72,367
(4,490) |
76,107
(4,515) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
26,395
(2,207) |
23,202
(1,605) |
21,988
(1,708) |
27,460
(2,056) |
28,361
(2,934) |
28,019
(1,782) |
28,984
(1,749) |
25,285
(1,749) |
24,711
(1,667) |
27,123
(1,775) |
| 12 yrs |
83,676
(5,118) |
77,204
(4,368) |
74,434
(5,380) |
79,921
(5,290) |
76,265
(7,637) |
84,124
(4,590) |
84,582
(5,113) |
86,071
(5,140) |
81,673
(4,782) |
81,136
(4,843) |
| > 12 yrs |
184,380
(11,485) |
186,376
(8,690) |
192,449
(14,013) |
187,831
(12,215) |
182,330
(16,624) |
188,061
(10,353) |
195,543
(10,655) |
202,009
(11,178) |
208,768
(11,445) |
198,424
(10,969) |
Table 8. Total dental visits (thousands); 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
305,779
(15,960) |
304,625
(10,765) |
297,756
(8,871) |
294,660
(8,478) |
279,887
(9,015) |
278,482
(8,290) |
279,624
(8,518) |
307,593
(9,121) |
311,060
(9,568) |
305,998
(9,501) |
| Sex |
| Male |
134,575
(7,241) |
130,415
(4,953) |
129,124
(4,269) |
128,512
(3,894) |
124,081
(4,554) |
122,994
(4,076) |
122,949
(4,161) |
136,736
(4,842) |
137,289
(4,685) |
135,150
(4,698) |
| Female |
171,204
(9,112) |
174,209
(6,489) |
168,632
(5,483) |
166,148
(5,214) |
155,806
(5,433) |
155,488
(4,918) |
156,675
(5,137) |
170,858
(5,465) |
173,771
(5,991) |
170,848
(5,686) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
24,553
(1,747) |
28,198
(1,780) |
28,643
(1,934) |
28,656
(1,914) |
28,551
(1,808) |
33,061
(2,184) |
31,314
(2,089) |
35,431
(2,099) |
35,806
(2,176) |
38,755
(2,281) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
238,926
(13,629) |
234,463
(9,359) |
229,023
(8,249) |
226,154
(7,658) |
211,587
(8,340) |
206,697
(7,800) |
207,172
(7,944) |
225,671
(8,387) |
225,187
(8,669) |
217,545
(8,566) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
23,208
(2,145) |
23,314
(1,760) |
21,896
(1,662) |
22,167
(1,676) |
21,949
(1,591) |
21,162
(1,301) |
21,327
(1,210) |
23,450
(1,622) |
23,702
(1,471) |
23,109
(1,347) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
19,093
(2,075) |
18,650
(1,595) |
18,194
(1,802) |
17,684
(1,464) |
17,801
(1,614) |
17,562
(1,665) |
19,812
(1,546) |
23,042
(1,606) |
26,365
(2,205) |
26,589
(2,097) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
96,475
(5,684) |
91,796
(4,135) |
86,896
(4,003) |
89,836
(4,112) |
87,829
(4,370) |
86,681
(4,514) |
87,452
(4,038) |
98,527
(4,263) |
97,562
(4,344) |
91,671
(4,504) |
| 21-64 |
165,297
(8,758) |
166,452
(6,233) |
164,377
(5,197) |
159,685
(4,681) |
147,843
(4,955) |
143,706
(4,296) |
141,709
(4,633) |
153,481
(4,792) |
152,493
(5,033) |
154,585
(5,210) |
| > 64 |
44,007
(3,025) |
46,376
(2,547) |
46,483
(2,694) |
45,139
(2,356) |
44,215
(2,488) |
48,094
(2,843) |
50,463
(3,139) |
55,586
(3,187) |
61,005
(3,321) |
59,741
(3,112) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
20,916
(1,481) |
20,678
(1,186) |
21,362
(1,385) |
23,533
(1,412) |
24,248
(1,289) |
24,230
(1,215) |
25,264
(1,600) |
26,077
(1,369) |
27,770
(1,563) |
24,070
(1,422) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
33,992
(2,397) |
36,484
(2,055) |
36,685
(1,907) |
36,115
(1,887) |
36,062
(1,651) |
37,266
(1,817) |
35,209
(1,773) |
43,426
(2,343) |
39,233
(2,380) |
41,319
(2,151) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
90,603
(5,425) |
86,041
(4,130) |
89,097
(3,941) |
85,814
(3,742) |
77,299
(3,473) |
81,638
(3,416) |
82,356
(3,854) |
84,106
(4,042) |
82,442
(4,150) |
80,716
(3,562) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
160,268
(9,558) |
161,422
(7,062) |
150,612
(6,318) |
149,199
(6,172) |
142,278
(6,778) |
135,347
(6,044) |
136,795
(6,027) |
153,984
(6,269) |
161,615
(6,692) |
159,893
(6,613) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
221,741
(12,242) |
213,959
(8,348) |
210,747
(7,194) |
208,421
(6,779) |
195,240
(7,847) |
191,103
(6,820) |
188,984
(7,155) |
211,491
(7,461) |
216,003
(8,182) |
210,103
(7,977) |
| Only public |
27,245
(1,929) |
27,416
(1,653) |
25,883
(1,711) |
28,768
(1,690) |
31,214
(1,756) |
31,052
(1,595) |
33,082
(1,991) |
38,046
(1,945) |
40,344
(1,950) |
41,959
(1,848) |
| Neither |
56,793
(3,640) |
63,250
(3,085) |
61,126
(2,741) |
57,471
(2,827) |
53,434
(2,353) |
56,326
(2,927) |
57,559
(3,432) |
58,056
(2,741) |
54,712
(2,737) |
53,936
(2,528) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
234,615
(12,637) |
230,715
(8,531) |
224,015
(7,024) |
217,746
(6,631) |
208,502
(7,458) |
204,441
(6,871) |
201,935
(6,805) |
223,132
(6,854) |
226,903
(7,452) |
224,320
(7,651) |
| Not employed |
71,161
(4,207) |
73,868
(3,367) |
73,696
(3,550) |
76,908
(3,309) |
71,315
(3,265) |
73,966
(3,367) |
77,649
(3,477) |
84,443
(3,842) |
84,157
(3,533) |
81,531
(3,378) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
24,017
(1,552) |
24,835
(1,390) |
22,128
(1,341) |
21,109
(1,112) |
19,479
(1,277) |
17,469
(1,154) |
17,585
(1,083) |
20,346
(1,161) |
19,431
(1,178) |
18,053
(953) |
| 12 yrs |
76,604
(4,604) |
75,054
(3,676) |
76,435
(3,740) |
68,873
(2,757) |
57,364
(2,206) |
58,023
(2,350) |
55,175
(2,656) |
55,259
(2,571) |
56,185
(2,626) |
62,625
(2,594) |
| > 12 yrs |
204,308
(11,435) |
203,514
(7,981) |
198,308
(6,980) |
203,520
(6,967) |
202,272
(7,523) |
202,770
(7,188) |
206,269
(7,106) |
231,347
(7,980) |
234,948
(8,286) |
224,878
(8,019) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 9. Total expense (millions) in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
43,146
(2,580) |
44,500
(2,073) |
49,043
(3,735) |
52,204
(3,513) |
55,550
(4,969) |
59,498
(3,213) |
64,304
(3,474) |
66,974
(3,688) |
71,774
(3,920) |
72,476
(3,976) |
| Sex |
| Male |
18,878
(1,242) |
19,330
(1,138) |
21,359
(1,758) |
22,968
(1,674) |
23,274
(2,263) |
24,978
(1,528) |
28,452
(1,709) |
30,053
(1,810) |
32,051
(1,910) |
31,309
(1,872) |
| Female |
24,268
(1,638) |
25,170
(1,256) |
27,684
(2,214) |
29,236
(2,074) |
32,277
(3,005) |
34,519
(2,009) |
35,853
(2,011) |
36,920
(2,175) |
39,723
(2,326) |
41,167
(2,379) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
2,710
(264) |
3,230
(291) |
2,882
(309) |
3,233
(335) |
2,936
(386) |
4,005
(312) |
3,792
(341) |
4,539
(427) |
5,253
(501) |
5,701
(518) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
35,917
(2,323) |
37,346
(1,936) |
41,520
(3,436) |
43,912
(3,148) |
47,467
(4,463) |
49,315
(2,821) |
53,182
(3,084) |
54,685
(3,262) |
58,105
(3,437) |
56,694
(3,428) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
2,628
(374) |
2,523
(280) |
3,005
(331) |
3,251
(401) |
3,224
(514) |
3,333
(309) |
3,562
(342) |
3,786
(381) |
3,933
(431) |
5,334
(563) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
1,891
(306) |
1,402
(212) |
1,636
(276) |
1,808
(267) |
1,923
(365) |
2,844
(478) |
3,768
(482) |
3,963
(425) |
4,482
(486) |
4,748
(565) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
13,019
(1,107) |
12,243
(819) |
13,697
(1,357) |
15,424
(1,484) |
18,686
(2,032) |
18,189
(1,193) |
17,677
(1,192) |
18,981
(1,380) |
21,137
(1,475) |
21,040
(1,477) |
| 21-64 |
24,122
(1,486) |
26,452
(1,341) |
28,761
(2,237) |
29,737
(2,003) |
29,523
(2,643) |
33,647
(1,958) |
38,018
(2,194) |
39,239
(2,244) |
40,761
(2,297) |
40,083
(2,262) |
| > 64 |
6,005
(521) |
5,806
(429) |
6,585
(839) |
7,043
(660) |
7,341
(839) |
7,662
(597) |
8,609
(692) |
8,754
(750) |
9,876
(880) |
11,353
(949) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
2,691
(293) |
2,963
(297) |
2,855
(389) |
2,873
(338) |
2,744
(392) |
2,892
(339) |
3,369
(417) |
3,795
(401) |
4,275
(481) |
4,866
(509) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
4,354
(370) |
4,744
(380) |
4,568
(543) |
4,635
(410) |
5,690
(840) |
6,434
(586) |
5,945
(450) |
6,654
(521) |
6,991
(534) |
8,171
(785) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
15,226
(1,126) |
13,667
(786) |
15,096
(1,239) |
15,452
(1,223) |
17,093
(1,853) |
17,872
(1,118) |
18,448
(1,219) |
18,811
(1,296) |
19,920
(1,350) |
22,616
(1,538) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
20,876
(1,517) |
23,126
(1,408) |
26,524
(2,356) |
29,244
(2,285) |
30,024
(2,911) |
32,300
(2,069) |
36,542
(2,251) |
37,713
(2,417) |
40,587
(2,559) |
36,823
(2,292) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
32,694
(2,096) |
33,654
(1,681) |
36,980
(3,041) |
40,370
(2,955) |
42,688
(4,029) |
45,558
(2,607) |
49,060
(2,829) |
51,839
(3,043) |
55,110
(3,195) |
54,773
(3,174) |
| Only public |
1,709
(216) |
1,776
(193) |
1,871
(207) |
2,078
(250) |
2,285
(454) |
2,596
(356) |
3,105
(313) |
3,382
(335) |
4,028
(399) |
4,586
(447) |
| Neither |
8,743
(661) |
9,070
(745) |
10,192
(988) |
9,756
(794) |
10,578
(1,030) |
11,344
(798) |
12,140
(809) |
11,753
(848) |
12,637
(886) |
13,117
(980) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
33,287
(2,113) |
35,208
(1,758) |
38,803
(3,114) |
41,816
(3,066) |
44,123
(3,997) |
46,027
(2,585) |
49,849
(2,791) |
51,240
(2,924) |
55,431
(3,152) |
53,523
(3,066) |
| Not employed |
9,856
(751) |
9,292
(555) |
10,240
(974) |
10,387
(779) |
11,427
(1,255) |
13,454
(889) |
14,454
(1,027) |
15,730
(1,114) |
16,343
(1,182) |
18,951
(1,324) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
3,571
(385) |
3,293
(300) |
3,875
(472) |
4,792
(538) |
4,943
(683) |
5,051
(413) |
5,517
(436) |
4,834
(431) |
5,706
(514) |
6,050
(504) |
| 12 yrs |
12,455
(998) |
11,722
(710) |
11,768
(954) |
14,612
(1,077) |
14,081
(1,440) |
17,236
(1,129) |
16,893
(1,148) |
18,224
(1,202) |
18,255
(1,182) |
19,772
(1,466) |
| > 12 yrs |
27,114
(1,793) |
29,476
(1,541) |
33,371
(2,781) |
32,689
(2,468) |
36,450
(3,433) |
37,113
(2,190) |
41,785
(2,419) |
43,834
(2,628) |
47,718
(2,947) |
46,604
(2,796) |
Table 9. Total expense (millions) in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
76,322
(4,128) |
82,044
(3,135) |
84,085
(3,003) |
83,398
(3,010) |
83,115
(3,363) |
85,154
(3,449) |
84,818
(3,640) |
91,830
(3,523) |
91,879
(3,251) |
95,918
(3,394) |
| Sex |
| Male |
33,064
(1,973) |
34,264
(1,557) |
36,945
(1,628) |
35,716
(1,496) |
36,351
(1,692) |
38,094
(1,968) |
36,517
(1,771) |
41,425
(1,918) |
40,105
(1,818) |
42,024
(1,727) |
| Female |
43,258
(2,495) |
47,780
(2,047) |
47,140
(2,032) |
47,681
(1,970) |
46,764
(2,363) |
47,059
(2,098) |
48,301
(2,511) |
50,405
(2,441) |
51,774
(2,214) |
53,894
(2,304) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
5,106
(575) |
6,743
(520) |
7,369
(632) |
6,682
(527) |
7,977
(657) |
10,096
(799) |
8,243
(656) |
8,960
(649) |
9,932
(717) |
11,051
(906) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
60,687
(3,590) |
63,461
(2,757) |
65,150
(2,707) |
65,100
(2,670) |
64,663
(3,115) |
62,603
(3,083) |
63,881
(3,422) |
68,393
(3,319) |
67,212
(2,933) |
68,056
(3,120) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5,432
(580) |
6,507
(654) |
5,712
(602) |
6,098
(592) |
5,319
(443) |
6,128
(474) |
5,962
(437) |
6,708
(692) |
6,700
(504) |
7,547
(576) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5,097
(630) |
5,333
(574) |
5,854
(838) |
5,517
(683) |
5,157
(562) |
6,327
(747) |
6,732
(649) |
7,768
(731) |
8,034
(958) |
9,263
(994) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
22,753
(1,585) |
22,278
(1,338) |
23,542
(1,425) |
22,979
(1,385) |
23,422
(1,902) |
24,932
(2,039) |
25,576
(1,996) |
24,151
(1,509) |
26,945
(1,769) |
26,670
(1,913) |
| 21-64 |
42,388
(2,356) |
46,788
(1,889) |
46,842
(2,044) |
47,253
(2,063) |
45,497
(1,812) |
45,280
(1,732) |
42,279
(1,841) |
50,472
(2,197) |
45,296
(1,763) |
48,101
(1,900) |
| > 64 |
11,182
(987) |
12,978
(1,032) |
13,702
(1,088) |
13,166
(980) |
14,196
(1,113) |
14,942
(1,252) |
16,962
(1,542) |
17,207
(1,240) |
19,639
(1,389) |
21,147
(1,439) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
4,603
(480) |
4,351
(438) |
4,710
(471) |
5,286
(427) |
5,428
(425) |
5,504
(427) |
6,419
(597) |
6,265
(675) |
6,607
(590) |
7,207
(797) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
7,329
(587) |
9,025
(677) |
10,817
(919) |
9,134
(625) |
9,785
(668) |
9,998
(743) |
9,507
(703) |
10,654
(763) |
11,021
(1,010) |
11,187
(755) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
22,655
(1,446) |
22,701
(1,391) |
24,385
(1,284) |
23,645
(1,356) |
23,661
(1,392) |
25,583
(1,457) |
24,427
(1,337) |
27,073
(1,645) |
23,894
(1,296) |
25,304
(1,392) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
41,735
(2,720) |
45,967
(2,161) |
44,172
(2,188) |
45,332
(2,326) |
44,240
(2,663) |
44,069
(2,604) |
44,465
(2,872) |
47,837
(2,404) |
50,356
(2,444) |
52,220
(2,570) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
58,748
(3,287) |
62,269
(2,642) |
62,172
(2,614) |
61,832
(2,390) |
62,002
(3,041) |
62,204
(2,952) |
60,420
(3,110) |
68,851
(3,162) |
68,711
(2,966) |
68,437
(2,886) |
| Only public |
4,574
(461) |
4,920
(444) |
4,944
(419) |
5,567
(512) |
6,285
(482) |
6,520
(444) |
6,646
(627) |
7,043
(464) |
7,898
(537) |
9,977
(697) |
| Neither |
13,000
(1,097) |
14,855
(912) |
16,969
(1,073) |
15,999
(1,228) |
14,828
(826) |
16,430
(1,284) |
17,751
(1,503) |
15,937
(942) |
15,269
(896) |
17,504
(1,159) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
59,573
(3,377) |
61,389
(2,452) |
61,531
(2,290) |
61,564
(2,472) |
61,144
(2,735) |
62,141
(2,762) |
60,828
(2,982) |
66,321
(2,523) |
64,961
(2,455) |
67,180
(2,603) |
| Not employed |
16,748
(1,120) |
20,648
(1,273) |
22,540
(1,628) |
21,833
(1,335) |
21,964
(1,221) |
23,003
(1,409) |
23,975
(1,566) |
25,505
(1,811) |
26,918
(1,531) |
28,669
(1,652) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
5,726
(454) |
5,469
(398) |
5,560
(511) |
4,847
(380) |
5,316
(450) |
4,548
(365) |
4,560
(384) |
4,972
(406) |
5,856
(608) |
5,347
(496) |
| 12 yrs |
18,855
(1,325) |
20,650
(1,314) |
21,007
(1,361) |
20,041
(1,193) |
16,994
(950) |
17,609
(1,105) |
15,735
(1,042) |
15,893
(1,007) |
15,739
(963) |
20,221
(1,169) |
| > 12 yrs |
51,509
(3,015) |
55,567
(2,399) |
57,339
(2,428) |
58,200
(2,398) |
60,594
(2,933) |
62,910
(3,011) |
64,272
(3,229) |
70,781
(3,164) |
70,159
(2,759) |
70,182
(2,885) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 10. Total expense (millions) in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
65,178
(3,898) |
65,715
(3,061) |
71,313
(5,431) |
74,269
(4,997) |
76,460
(6,839) |
79,627
(4,300) |
84,721
(4,577) |
86,271
(4,750) |
90,057
(4,919) |
87,958
(4,826) |
| Sex |
| Male |
28,518
(1,876) |
28,546
(1,680) |
31,059
(2,557) |
32,676
(2,382) |
32,034
(3,115) |
33,429
(2,045) |
37,485
(2,252) |
38,713
(2,332) |
40,216
(2,396) |
37,997
(2,272) |
| Female |
36,660
(2,475) |
37,169
(1,854) |
40,254
(3,220) |
41,593
(2,951) |
44,426
(4,136) |
46,198
(2,689) |
47,236
(2,649) |
47,559
(2,802) |
49,841
(2,919) |
49,961
(2,887) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
4,094
(399) |
4,769
(430) |
4,191
(449) |
4,599
(476) |
4,042
(531) |
5,360
(417) |
4,996
(449) |
5,846
(550) |
6,591
(628) |
6,919
(628) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
54,257
(3,510) |
55,150
(2,859) |
60,373
(4,996) |
62,473
(4,479) |
65,333
(6,143) |
66,000
(3,775) |
70,067
(4,063) |
70,442
(4,201) |
72,906
(4,312) |
68,804
(4,160) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
3,970
(565) |
3,726
(413) |
4,370
(482) |
4,624
(571) |
4,438
(707) |
4,461
(414) |
4,693
(450) |
4,877
(491) |
4,935
(541) |
6,473
(683) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
2,856
(462) |
2,070
(312) |
2,379
(401) |
2,573
(380) |
2,647
(503) |
3,806
(639) |
4,964
(635) |
5,105
(548) |
5,624
(610) |
5,762
(685) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
19,667
(1,672) |
18,080
(1,210) |
19,916
(1,973) |
21,944
(2,111) |
25,719
(2,797) |
24,342
(1,597) |
23,290
(1,570) |
24,450
(1,778) |
26,521
(1,851) |
25,535
(1,793) |
| 21-64 |
36,440
(2,245) |
39,062
(1,980) |
41,821
(3,253) |
42,306
(2,850) |
40,636
(3,637) |
45,031
(2,621) |
50,088
(2,890) |
50,545
(2,890) |
51,144
(2,882) |
48,645
(2,745) |
| > 64 |
9,071
(786) |
8,573
(634) |
9,576
(1,221) |
10,020
(940) |
10,105
(1,155) |
10,254
(799) |
11,343
(911) |
11,277
(967) |
12,392
(1,104) |
13,778
(1,152) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
4,065
(443) |
4,375
(439) |
4,151
(565) |
4,088
(481) |
3,777
(539) |
3,871
(454) |
4,439
(550) |
4,889
(517) |
5,364
(604) |
5,906
(618) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
6,578
(559) |
7,006
(561) |
6,642
(790) |
6,593
(583) |
7,831
(1,156) |
8,610
(785) |
7,833
(592) |
8,572
(671) |
8,772
(670) |
9,916
(953) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
23,000
(1,701) |
20,183
(1,161) |
21,951
(1,802) |
21,983
(1,740) |
23,526
(2,551) |
23,919
(1,497) |
24,304
(1,606) |
24,231
(1,670) |
24,994
(1,693) |
27,447
(1,866) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
31,535
(2,291) |
34,151
(2,079) |
38,569
(3,427) |
41,605
(3,250) |
41,326
(4,007) |
43,228
(2,769) |
48,144
(2,965) |
48,579
(3,113) |
50,926
(3,210) |
44,689
(2,782) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
49,389
(3,166) |
49,698
(2,482) |
53,772
(4,422) |
57,433
(4,205) |
58,756
(5,545) |
60,971
(3,490) |
64,636
(3,727) |
66,776
(3,920) |
69,147
(4,008) |
66,473
(3,852) |
| Only public |
2,582
(327) |
2,623
(286) |
2,721
(301) |
2,957
(356) |
3,145
(625) |
3,474
(476) |
4,090
(413) |
4,357
(432) |
5,054
(501) |
5,566
(543) |
| Neither |
13,207
(999) |
13,394
(1,099) |
14,820
(1,437) |
13,879
(1,130) |
14,559
(1,418) |
15,182
(1,067) |
15,995
(1,065) |
15,139
(1,093) |
15,856
(1,111) |
15,919
(1,189) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
50,285
(3,193) |
51,993
(2,596) |
56,423
(4,527) |
59,491
(4,361) |
60,731
(5,502) |
61,600
(3,460) |
65,676
(3,677) |
66,004
(3,766) |
69,550
(3,955) |
64,955
(3,721) |
| Not employed |
14,888
(1,134) |
13,721
(820) |
14,890
(1,416) |
14,777
(1,109) |
15,729
(1,728) |
18,005
(1,189) |
19,043
(1,353) |
20,262
(1,435) |
20,506
(1,483) |
22,999
(1,607) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
5,395
(582) |
4,863
(443) |
5,634
(687) |
6,818
(766) |
6,803
(940) |
6,760
(553) |
7,268
(575) |
6,227
(555) |
7,160
(645) |
7,342
(611) |
| 12 yrs |
18,814
(1,507) |
17,311
(1,048) |
17,112
(1,387) |
20,788
(1,532) |
19,381
(1,982) |
23,067
(1,511) |
22,256
(1,513) |
23,475
(1,548) |
22,905
(1,483) |
23,995
(1,779) |
| > 12 yrs |
40,959
(2,709) |
43,528
(2,276) |
48,524
(4,044) |
46,506
(3,512) |
50,170
(4,726) |
49,669
(2,930) |
55,052
(3,187) |
56,464
(3,385) |
59,873
(3,698) |
56,559
(3,393) |
Table 10. Total expense (millions) in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
89,730
(4,853) |
93,786
(3,583) |
92,565
(3,306) |
92,136
(3,325) |
90,342
(3,656) |
89,726
(3,635) |
87,560
(3,757) |
93,431
(3,584) |
91,988
(3,255) |
95,918
(3,394) |
| Sex |
| Male |
38,873
(2,320) |
39,168
(1,780) |
40,671
(1,792) |
39,459
(1,653) |
39,512
(1,840) |
40,140
(2,074) |
37,697
(1,828) |
42,147
(1,952) |
40,153
(1,820) |
42,024
(1,727) |
| Female |
50,858
(2,933) |
54,618
(2,340) |
51,894
(2,237) |
52,678
(2,176) |
50,830
(2,569) |
49,586
(2,211) |
49,863
(2,592) |
51,284
(2,484) |
51,835
(2,217) |
53,894
(2,304) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
6,003
(676) |
7,708
(594) |
8,112
(695) |
7,383
(582) |
8,670
(714) |
10,638
(842) |
8,510
(677) |
9,116
(660) |
9,944
(718) |
11,051
(906) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
71,349
(4,221) |
72,543
(3,151) |
71,720
(2,980) |
71,922
(2,949) |
70,285
(3,386) |
65,964
(3,249) |
65,946
(3,532) |
69,585
(3,377) |
67,292
(2,937) |
68,056
(3,120) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
6,386
(682) |
7,438
(748) |
6,288
(663) |
6,737
(654) |
5,781
(482) |
6,457
(499) |
6,155
(451) |
6,825
(704) |
6,708
(505) |
7,547
(576) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5,992
(741) |
6,097
(657) |
6,444
(922) |
6,095
(754) |
5,605
(611) |
6,666
(787) |
6,949
(670) |
7,904
(744) |
8,043
(959) |
9,263
(994) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
26,750
(1,864) |
25,466
(1,530) |
25,916
(1,568) |
25,387
(1,531) |
25,458
(2,067) |
26,271
(2,149) |
26,403
(2,060) |
24,572
(1,535) |
26,977
(1,771) |
26,670
(1,913) |
| 21-64 |
49,834
(2,770) |
53,484
(2,159) |
51,566
(2,250) |
52,205
(2,279) |
49,453
(1,969) |
47,711
(1,825) |
43,646
(1,900) |
51,351
(2,236) |
45,349
(1,765) |
48,101
(1,900) |
| > 64 |
13,147
(1,160) |
14,836
(1,180) |
15,083
(1,197) |
14,545
(1,083) |
15,431
(1,210) |
15,744
(1,319) |
17,510
(1,592) |
17,507
(1,262) |
19,662
(1,390) |
21,147
(1,439) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
5,412
(565) |
4,974
(501) |
5,185
(519) |
5,840
(472) |
5,901
(462) |
5,799
(450) |
6,626
(616) |
6,375
(687) |
6,614
(590) |
7,207
(797) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
8,617
(691) |
10,316
(774) |
11,908
(1,011) |
10,091
(690) |
10,636
(726) |
10,535
(783) |
9,815
(726) |
10,840
(776) |
11,035
(1,011) |
11,187
(755) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
26,635
(1,700) |
25,950
(1,590) |
26,845
(1,414) |
26,123
(1,498) |
25,719
(1,513) |
26,957
(1,536) |
25,217
(1,380) |
27,545
(1,674) |
23,923
(1,297) |
25,304
(1,392) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
49,067
(3,198) |
52,546
(2,471) |
48,627
(2,409) |
50,083
(2,570) |
48,087
(2,895) |
46,435
(2,743) |
45,902
(2,964) |
48,671
(2,446) |
50,416
(2,447) |
52,220
(2,570) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
69,069
(3,864) |
71,181
(3,021) |
68,442
(2,878) |
68,311
(2,640) |
67,393
(3,305) |
65,544
(3,111) |
62,374
(3,210) |
70,051
(3,217) |
68,793
(2,970) |
68,437
(2,886) |
| Only public |
5,377
(542) |
5,624
(508) |
5,442
(461) |
6,150
(566) |
6,832
(523) |
6,870
(468) |
6,861
(647) |
7,165
(472) |
7,908
(537) |
9,977
(697) |
| Neither |
15,284
(1,290) |
16,981
(1,042) |
18,680
(1,181) |
17,675
(1,357) |
16,118
(898) |
17,312
(1,353) |
18,325
(1,552) |
16,215
(959) |
15,288
(897) |
17,504
(1,159) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
70,039
(3,970) |
70,175
(2,802) |
67,737
(2,521) |
68,014
(2,731) |
66,460
(2,973) |
65,478
(2,910) |
62,795
(3,078) |
67,476
(2,567) |
65,038
(2,458) |
67,180
(2,603) |
| Not employed |
19,690
(1,316) |
23,603
(1,456) |
24,813
(1,793) |
24,121
(1,475) |
23,874
(1,327) |
24,238
(1,485) |
24,750
(1,616) |
25,950
(1,842) |
26,950
(1,533) |
28,669
(1,652) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
6,732
(534) |
6,251
(455) |
6,121
(563) |
5,355
(420) |
5,778
(489) |
4,792
(385) |
4,707
(397) |
5,059
(413) |
5,863
(609) |
5,347
(496) |
| 12 yrs |
22,167
(1,558) |
23,605
(1,503) |
23,126
(1,498) |
22,141
(1,318) |
18,472
(1,032) |
18,554
(1,165) |
16,243
(1,075) |
16,170
(1,024) |
15,758
(964) |
20,221
(1,169) |
| > 12 yrs |
60,558
(3,544) |
63,520
(2,742) |
63,122
(2,673) |
64,299
(2,649) |
65,863
(3,188) |
66,288
(3,173) |
66,350
(3,333) |
72,015
(3,219) |
70,243
(2,762) |
70,182
(2,885) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 11. Mean expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
570.34
(5.06) |
373.79
(10.15) |
392.49
(9.69) |
422.84
(14.40) |
438.68
(13.42) |
479.63
(15.55) |
491.17
(11.14) |
513.06
(10.63) |
523.25
(11.73) |
560.47
(12.57) |
565.02
(13.17) |
| Sex |
| Male |
552.13
(5.84) |
361.66
(15.06) |
378.12
(16.13) |
411.84
(18.64) |
433.56
(16.39) |
448.86
(17.97) |
462.52
(15.27) |
506.42
(15.79) |
523.76
(16.99) |
555.90
(17.56) |
540.04
(16.23) |
| Female |
585.27
(5.92) |
383.81
(13.62) |
404.28
(11.18) |
431.74
(18.11) |
442.79
(17.11) |
504.57
(22.63) |
514.22
(15.93) |
518.45
(13.40) |
522.83
(15.27) |
564.21
(17.46) |
585.61
(17.43) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
480.73
(9.50) |
317.20
(24.17) |
387.99
(28.47) |
349.42
(25.30) |
390.78
(24.51) |
336.96
(30.48) |
391.43
(21.82) |
362.10
(21.43) |
409.66
(26.30) |
430.36
(26.72) |
470.48
(27.60) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
590.81
(5.91) |
383.84
(11.50) |
406.37
(11.35) |
442.07
(16.67) |
453.46
(14.79) |
506.39
(17.65) |
511.35
(12.64) |
541.17
(12.39) |
549.99
(14.30) |
598.69
(15.58) |
583.10
(15.25) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
454.36
(9.64) |
299.48
(31.98) |
281.15
(26.91) |
309.44
(21.94) |
336.78
(29.42) |
342.73
(37.67) |
348.01
(24.72) |
363.49
(21.12) |
371.61
(25.98) |
366.79
(22.97) |
489.03
(35.41) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
624.24
(15.05) |
416.80
(49.78) |
335.18
(38.51) |
398.70
(43.85) |
426.55
(49.65) |
485.36
(53.48) |
582.48
(74.24) |
554.88
(45.43) |
543.09
(32.30) |
554.98
(36.48) |
591.90
(48.36) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
541.38
(7.76) |
373.63
(21.35) |
362.08
(17.06) |
397.25
(25.13) |
442.06
(29.97) |
524.64
(36.18) |
505.51
(22.62) |
475.65
(20.89) |
490.02
(21.73) |
543.98
(25.73) |
542.00
(23.76) |
| 21-64 |
557.72
(5.34) |
360.71
(11.28) |
400.15
(12.63) |
423.40
(14.24) |
427.75
(12.77) |
446.46
(14.63) |
475.96
(13.96) |
521.88
(13.20) |
531.47
(13.97) |
556.21
(13.67) |
551.48
(15.84) |
| > 64 |
687.83
(11.69) |
438.01
(28.08) |
431.21
(23.69) |
485.04
(51.21) |
482.68
(31.99) |
521.56
(33.48) |
529.86
(28.24) |
561.83
(27.91) |
567.34
(31.00) |
620.31
(34.77) |
676.94
(33.90) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
422.69
(9.10) |
267.93
(22.23) |
336.42
(24.59) |
310.76
(29.47) |
328.41
(26.88) |
331.02
(34.37) |
340.78
(32.10) |
365.70
(38.08) |
393.97
(31.22) |
427.20
(38.41) |
473.93
(38.73) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
481.67
(8.32) |
282.33
(15.61) |
312.09
(19.49) |
349.20
(31.29) |
338.90
(20.73) |
401.75
(40.88) |
426.13
(28.76) |
383.45
(19.44) |
409.85
(22.22) |
433.14
(23.64) |
509.29
(38.86) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
555.27
(6.98) |
384.00
(17.46) |
360.91
(12.83) |
406.98
(20.28) |
425.77
(18.90) |
470.30
(25.24) |
482.24
(17.72) |
492.94
(16.91) |
491.97
(18.74) |
509.55
(18.21) |
587.27
(23.15) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
628.38
(6.92) |
414.92
(16.69) |
449.02
(17.50) |
468.42
(20.36) |
485.09
(20.54) |
526.52
(26.03) |
533.98
(17.49) |
578.25
(15.80) |
590.28
(17.72) |
646.10
(20.02) |
580.34
(16.67) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
622.46
(6.02) |
415.46
(12.74) |
429.68
(11.32) |
458.21
(16.10) |
484.71
(16.07) |
530.77
(20.98) |
535.92
(13.68) |
558.15
(13.62) |
585.96
(14.47) |
612.30
(16.22) |
609.66
(16.31) |
| Only public |
354.54
(6.86) |
207.96
(19.28) |
230.78
(19.98) |
217.20
(15.36) |
264.05
(24.14) |
266.60
(34.99) |
287.59
(34.02) |
295.53
(20.44) |
286.15
(19.85) |
328.91
(24.13) |
355.00
(25.49) |
| Neither |
505.41
(7.89) |
306.59
(14.78) |
331.51
(23.15) |
382.21
(27.63) |
350.37
(19.16) |
394.36
(21.08) |
418.61
(19.06) |
450.72
(18.59) |
424.16
(18.61) |
489.59
(21.24) |
514.16
(23.45) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
551.94
(4.94) |
366.80
(11.12) |
393.51
(11.42) |
422.70
(15.95) |
441.32
(15.42) |
477.45
(18.41) |
479.93
(12.37) |
507.81
(11.84) |
513.09
(12.22) |
552.50
(14.54) |
539.44
(14.27) |
| Not employed |
633.20
(9.24) |
399.58
(22.43) |
388.87
(15.87) |
423.38
(27.48) |
428.69
(21.42) |
488.26
(26.23) |
533.55
(22.23) |
532.20
(23.05) |
559.53
(26.10) |
589.43
(25.44) |
652.66
(28.71) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
460.61
(9.12) |
315.06
(26.48) |
317.67
(20.45) |
388.37
(40.07) |
411.22
(37.85) |
421.01
(43.16) |
399.83
(25.63) |
427.78
(26.77) |
400.07
(24.65) |
499.25
(32.26) |
487.61
(31.33) |
| 12 yrs |
532.59
(6.64) |
364.05
(19.47) |
373.50
(13.27) |
379.15
(18.95) |
438.18
(18.25) |
431.21
(23.27) |
492.47
(19.85) |
468.99
(17.11) |
502.63
(18.30) |
526.88
(20.32) |
565.94
(25.58) |
| > 12 yrs |
599.30
(6.02) |
388.21
(12.90) |
411.76
(13.73) |
445.83
(16.66) |
443.83
(16.45) |
512.40
(20.32) |
506.76
(15.30) |
549.18
(14.32) |
551.75
(15.34) |
583.57
(17.70) |
577.02
(16.32) |
Table 11. Mean expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
591.55
(13.39) |
624.71
(13.70) |
654.21
(16.98) |
644.48
(16.20) |
652.73
(18.52) |
665.79
(19.16) |
652.88
(18.55) |
685.80
(18.71) |
676.70
(14.99) |
695.88
(16.82) |
| Sex |
| Male |
564.00
(18.28) |
582.36
(18.13) |
642.54
(22.31) |
612.06
(21.71) |
632.10
(23.34) |
659.86
(25.28) |
620.63
(21.35) |
683.86
(23.39) |
648.19
(20.97) |
668.81
(19.74) |
| Female |
614.50
(18.50) |
659.09
(19.13) |
663.65
(22.51) |
671.11
(19.17) |
669.72
(26.22) |
670.68
(23.90) |
679.58
(26.29) |
687.41
(27.03) |
700.57
(21.42) |
718.56
(24.23) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
427.29
(36.92) |
502.98
(30.53) |
545.15
(40.43) |
488.50
(25.81) |
551.69
(34.43) |
641.08
(44.38) |
513.22
(29.69) |
520.66
(27.32) |
572.09
(29.33) |
583.61
(29.62) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
619.81
(16.27) |
644.23
(16.28) |
681.38
(20.29) |
678.46
(19.02) |
696.11
(23.77) |
675.21
(23.15) |
684.82
(24.64) |
727.71
(25.46) |
711.36
(18.77) |
720.84
(22.62) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
486.74
(30.77) |
576.19
(43.12) |
520.82
(37.74) |
548.29
(35.23) |
456.03
(24.24) |
554.88
(38.19) |
521.59
(27.59) |
550.69
(35.10) |
545.11
(35.84) |
632.15
(38.73) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
637.29
(55.56) |
656.38
(53.22) |
694.40
(64.17) |
637.89
(71.56) |
619.71
(40.60) |
754.21
(63.61) |
736.51
(50.04) |
738.04
(51.06) |
690.33
(46.92) |
738.15
(50.87) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
576.45
(25.19) |
562.69
(26.57) |
620.59
(31.43) |
588.41
(26.89) |
602.79
(41.33) |
644.83
(41.30) |
631.17
(41.24) |
573.22
(28.73) |
639.02
(33.18) |
636.41
(34.74) |
| 21-64 |
580.57
(14.95) |
628.29
(16.78) |
640.24
(22.10) |
651.55
(22.88) |
644.03
(18.16) |
649.06
(18.74) |
609.21
(17.79) |
714.51
(25.37) |
636.43
(17.85) |
661.10
(19.50) |
| > 64 |
676.08
(40.20) |
751.52
(45.05) |
785.99
(50.29) |
738.56
(41.52) |
795.95
(48.95) |
767.37
(47.99) |
848.49
(54.26) |
814.35
(43.79) |
875.27
(43.69) |
912.70
(44.88) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
472.48
(40.65) |
413.50
(37.23) |
442.56
(37.99) |
448.34
(29.11) |
437.47
(28.31) |
441.13
(31.36) |
498.45
(37.01) |
480.95
(46.67) |
476.52
(34.34) |
591.31
(54.48) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
468.80
(24.62) |
558.33
(33.63) |
636.39
(50.14) |
542.20
(29.30) |
557.84
(30.06) |
560.79
(33.48) |
549.09
(34.07) |
549.09
(31.74) |
613.16
(44.50) |
590.72
(29.95) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
593.95
(22.57) |
591.38
(27.90) |
634.07
(24.43) |
622.31
(26.46) |
657.42
(31.00) |
683.07
(30.86) |
643.33
(19.95) |
719.55
(33.51) |
661.35
(27.19) |
698.80
(30.14) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
637.17
(20.97) |
693.76
(20.12) |
707.54
(26.22) |
722.19
(27.48) |
720.60
(30.39) |
732.78
(29.52) |
720.06
(32.46) |
749.26
(26.74) |
742.66
(25.89) |
740.72
(25.52) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
651.78
(16.05) |
692.31
(17.96) |
704.90
(21.80) |
694.76
(19.19) |
719.52
(24.84) |
725.27
(24.56) |
701.37
(25.04) |
771.97
(25.52) |
746.25
(20.79) |
734.53
(22.51) |
| Only public |
355.95
(27.78) |
360.82
(28.62) |
373.14
(28.93) |
387.97
(29.28) |
407.45
(25.56) |
406.98
(24.16) |
396.15
(30.98) |
378.73
(20.78) |
395.12
(20.00) |
486.14
(28.09) |
| Neither |
499.32
(28.68) |
535.30
(23.20) |
626.61
(32.01) |
614.01
(41.66) |
576.10
(23.81) |
629.24
(38.92) |
657.68
(39.35) |
610.19
(28.17) |
643.99
(29.38) |
725.01
(39.62) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
590.62
(15.52) |
601.52
(14.77) |
619.33
(17.22) |
627.97
(18.59) |
629.37
(21.20) |
645.15
(19.85) |
630.76
(21.80) |
663.36
(17.62) |
636.81
(15.75) |
642.87
(17.75) |
| Not employed |
594.95
(21.86) |
705.92
(33.80) |
773.34
(45.31) |
696.20
(32.21) |
729.21
(30.97) |
729.37
(39.54) |
716.80
(32.32) |
752.06
(43.02) |
797.22
(34.79) |
861.52
(38.95) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
510.92
(28.15) |
454.83
(26.79) |
514.98
(42.51) |
462.82
(29.75) |
539.82
(36.27) |
528.14
(41.72) |
502.96
(31.93) |
493.10
(34.05) |
628.17
(56.75) |
608.42
(45.11) |
| 12 yrs |
562.59
(24.02) |
625.47
(31.20) |
640.27
(32.25) |
634.39
(32.00) |
616.96
(27.06) |
632.61
(38.14) |
577.88
(29.94) |
625.88
(32.63) |
612.90
(28.08) |
672.15
(31.40) |
| > 12 yrs |
613.77
(17.22) |
648.66
(16.38) |
678.71
(21.24) |
670.57
(19.42) |
676.67
(25.07) |
688.95
(24.03) |
689.14
(23.12) |
721.26
(22.90) |
697.97
(17.23) |
711.01
(20.14) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 12. Mean expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
673.74
(5.48) |
564.66
(15.33) |
579.60
(14.31) |
614.85
(20.94) |
624.10
(19.10) |
660.17
(21.41) |
657.35
(14.91) |
675.95
(14.00) |
674.02
(15.11) |
703.23
(15.77) |
685.71
(15.98) |
| Sex |
| Male |
651.93
(6.35) |
546.33
(22.75) |
558.39
(23.82) |
598.85
(27.11) |
616.81
(23.32) |
617.82
(24.74) |
619.00
(20.43) |
667.21
(20.81) |
674.68
(21.88) |
697.50
(22.04) |
655.40
(19.70) |
| Female |
691.63
(6.53) |
579.79
(20.58) |
597.01
(16.51) |
627.78
(26.33) |
629.95
(24.34) |
694.49
(31.14) |
688.20
(21.32) |
683.05
(17.65) |
673.48
(19.67) |
707.92
(21.91) |
710.70
(21.15) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
552.98
(10.19) |
479.17
(36.51) |
572.97
(42.04) |
508.09
(36.79) |
555.95
(34.87) |
463.80
(41.95) |
523.86
(29.20) |
477.06
(28.23) |
527.70
(33.88) |
539.99
(33.52) |
570.98
(33.49) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
702.50
(6.37) |
579.85
(17.37) |
600.11
(16.77) |
642.80
(24.24) |
645.13
(21.04) |
697.00
(24.29) |
684.35
(16.91) |
712.99
(16.33) |
708.46
(18.42) |
751.18
(19.54) |
707.66
(18.51) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
530.48
(10.48) |
452.40
(48.31) |
415.18
(39.73) |
449.95
(31.90) |
479.12
(41.85) |
471.73
(51.85) |
465.75
(33.09) |
478.89
(27.82) |
478.69
(33.46) |
460.22
(28.82) |
593.50
(42.97) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
712.99
(16.03) |
629.63
(75.20) |
494.97
(56.88) |
579.75
(63.76) |
606.84
(70.64) |
668.05
(73.62) |
779.55
(99.35) |
731.05
(59.86) |
699.57
(41.61) |
696.35
(45.77) |
718.34
(58.69) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
640.91
(9.08) |
564.42
(32.25) |
534.70
(25.20) |
577.63
(36.54) |
628.91
(42.64) |
722.12
(49.79) |
676.54
(30.27) |
626.67
(27.52) |
631.22
(27.99) |
682.54
(32.29) |
657.77
(28.83) |
| 21-64 |
662.05
(5.84) |
544.90
(17.04) |
590.92
(18.65) |
615.66
(20.70) |
608.55
(18.17) |
614.52
(20.14) |
636.99
(18.68) |
687.57
(17.39) |
684.60
(18.00) |
697.89
(17.15) |
669.28
(19.22) |
| > 64 |
796.06
(12.35) |
661.67
(42.41) |
636.79
(34.98) |
705.29
(74.46) |
686.70
(45.51) |
717.88
(46.08) |
709.12
(37.80) |
740.20
(36.77) |
730.81
(39.93) |
778.32
(43.62) |
821.54
(41.14) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
494.09
(10.72) |
404.74
(33.58) |
496.80
(36.32) |
451.87
(42.85) |
467.23
(38.24) |
455.61
(47.31) |
456.07
(42.96) |
481.80
(50.17) |
507.49
(40.22) |
536.02
(48.20) |
575.16
(47.00) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
563.74
(9.13) |
426.50
(23.59) |
460.87
(28.78) |
507.77
(45.49) |
482.14
(29.50) |
552.97
(56.27) |
570.29
(38.49) |
505.20
(25.61) |
527.94
(28.62) |
543.48
(29.66) |
618.08
(47.17) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
659.31
(7.71) |
580.08
(26.37) |
532.97
(18.94) |
591.79
(29.49) |
605.73
(26.89) |
647.32
(34.74) |
645.39
(23.72) |
649.44
(22.28) |
633.72
(24.14) |
639.35
(22.85) |
712.71
(28.09) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
742.54
(7.38) |
626.78
(25.21) |
663.09
(25.85) |
681.12
(29.61) |
690.13
(29.21) |
724.71
(35.83) |
714.64
(23.41) |
761.84
(20.82) |
760.37
(22.82) |
810.67
(25.12) |
704.30
(20.24) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
736.90
(6.39) |
627.61
(19.24) |
634.52
(16.71) |
666.28
(23.41) |
689.58
(22.87) |
730.55
(28.88) |
717.24
(18.31) |
735.36
(17.94) |
754.80
(18.64) |
768.27
(20.35) |
739.88
(19.79) |
| Only public |
404.69
(8.06) |
314.14
(29.12) |
340.80
(29.51) |
315.83
(22.34) |
375.65
(34.35) |
366.95
(48.17) |
384.89
(45.54) |
389.36
(26.92) |
368.60
(25.57) |
412.69
(30.27) |
430.83
(30.93) |
| Neither |
598.73
(8.33) |
463.15
(22.33) |
489.55
(34.18) |
555.77
(40.18) |
498.46
(27.26) |
542.80
(29.01) |
560.23
(25.51) |
593.82
(24.49) |
546.37
(23.98) |
614.30
(26.65) |
623.99
(28.45) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
655.13
(5.71) |
554.10
(16.80) |
581.11
(16.86) |
614.65
(23.20) |
627.85
(21.93) |
657.16
(25.34) |
642.30
(16.56) |
669.03
(15.60) |
660.93
(15.75) |
693.23
(18.24) |
654.67
(17.32) |
| Not employed |
737.37
(9.71) |
603.61
(33.89) |
574.26
(23.44) |
615.64
(39.96) |
609.88
(30.47) |
672.04
(36.11) |
714.06
(29.75) |
701.16
(30.37) |
720.75
(33.62) |
739.57
(31.92) |
792.07
(34.84) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
554.93
(11.37) |
475.93
(40.00) |
469.12
(30.20) |
564.73
(58.27) |
585.04
(53.85) |
579.48
(59.41) |
535.10
(34.29) |
563.59
(35.27) |
515.34
(31.75) |
626.42
(40.48) |
591.77
(38.02) |
| 12 yrs |
639.50
(7.67) |
549.94
(29.41) |
551.57
(19.60) |
551.32
(27.56) |
623.38
(25.96) |
593.52
(32.03) |
659.08
(26.57) |
617.89
(22.54) |
647.46
(23.57) |
661.09
(25.49) |
686.83
(31.04) |
| > 12 yrs |
702.67
(6.37) |
586.45
(19.49) |
608.06
(20.27) |
648.28
(24.22) |
631.43
(23.40) |
705.28
(27.97) |
678.20
(20.47) |
723.54
(18.87) |
710.73
(19.76) |
732.22
(22.20) |
700.27
(19.81) |
Table 12. Mean expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
695.48
(15.74) |
714.12
(15.66) |
720.18
(18.70) |
712.01
(17.90) |
709.48
(20.13) |
701.54
(20.19) |
673.99
(19.15) |
697.76
(19.04) |
677.50
(15.01) |
695.88
(16.82) |
| Sex |
| Male |
663.08
(21.49) |
665.71
(20.72) |
707.35
(24.56) |
676.19
(23.98) |
687.06
(25.37) |
695.29
(26.64) |
640.69
(22.04) |
695.78
(23.80) |
648.96
(21.00) |
668.81
(19.74) |
| Female |
722.46
(21.75) |
753.42
(21.86) |
730.58
(24.78) |
741.43
(21.18) |
727.95
(28.50) |
706.69
(25.19) |
701.55
(27.14) |
699.39
(27.50) |
701.41
(21.45) |
718.56
(24.23) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
502.36
(43.41) |
574.97
(34.90) |
600.13
(44.51) |
539.69
(28.52) |
599.66
(37.43) |
675.50
(46.76) |
529.81
(30.65) |
529.73
(27.80) |
572.77
(29.37) |
583.61
(29.62) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
728.70
(19.12) |
736.43
(18.62) |
750.10
(22.34) |
749.55
(21.02) |
756.64
(25.84) |
711.46
(24.40) |
706.96
(25.44) |
740.39
(25.90) |
712.21
(18.79) |
720.84
(22.62) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
572.25
(36.17) |
658.66
(49.29) |
573.35
(41.54) |
605.74
(38.92) |
495.68
(26.34) |
584.67
(40.24) |
538.45
(28.48) |
560.28
(35.72) |
545.76
(35.88) |
632.15
(38.73) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
749.25
(65.32) |
750.32
(60.84) |
764.43
(70.64) |
704.73
(79.06) |
673.59
(44.13) |
794.71
(67.03) |
760.32
(51.66) |
750.90
(51.95) |
691.15
(46.97) |
738.15
(50.87) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
677.72
(29.62) |
643.22
(30.38) |
683.18
(34.60) |
650.07
(29.70) |
655.20
(44.92) |
679.45
(43.52) |
651.57
(42.57) |
583.21
(29.23) |
639.78
(33.22) |
636.41
(34.74) |
| 21-64 |
682.56
(17.58) |
718.21
(19.19) |
704.81
(24.33) |
719.82
(25.28) |
700.04
(19.74) |
683.91
(19.74) |
628.90
(18.36) |
726.96
(25.81) |
637.18
(17.87) |
661.10
(19.50) |
| > 64 |
794.85
(47.26) |
859.07
(51.49) |
865.26
(55.37) |
815.95
(45.87) |
865.16
(53.20) |
808.57
(50.57) |
875.92
(56.02) |
828.54
(44.55) |
876.31
(43.74) |
912.70
(44.88) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
555.48
(47.79) |
472.68
(42.55) |
487.20
(41.82) |
495.32
(32.16) |
475.51
(30.77) |
464.82
(33.05) |
514.56
(38.20) |
489.34
(47.49) |
477.09
(34.38) |
591.31
(54.48) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
551.16
(28.95) |
638.24
(38.44) |
700.57
(55.20) |
599.02
(32.37) |
606.34
(32.67) |
590.91
(35.28) |
566.84
(35.18) |
558.66
(32.30) |
613.88
(44.56) |
590.72
(29.95) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
698.30
(26.53) |
676.02
(31.89) |
698.02
(26.89) |
687.52
(29.23) |
714.58
(33.69) |
719.74
(32.52) |
664.13
(20.59) |
732.09
(34.09) |
662.13
(27.23) |
698.80
(30.14) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
749.11
(24.65) |
793.06
(23.00) |
778.90
(28.87) |
797.87
(30.36) |
783.26
(33.03) |
772.12
(31.11) |
743.34
(33.51) |
762.32
(27.21) |
743.54
(25.93) |
740.72
(25.52) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
766.29
(18.87) |
791.39
(20.53) |
776.00
(24.00) |
767.56
(21.20) |
782.09
(27.00) |
764.21
(25.88) |
724.05
(25.85) |
785.42
(25.97) |
747.14
(20.82) |
734.53
(22.51) |
| Only public |
418.48
(32.66) |
412.47
(32.71) |
410.77
(31.85) |
428.62
(32.35) |
442.88
(27.78) |
428.83
(25.46) |
408.96
(31.98) |
385.33
(21.14) |
395.59
(20.03) |
486.14
(28.09) |
| Neither |
587.04
(33.72) |
611.91
(26.52) |
689.80
(35.24) |
678.34
(46.02) |
626.20
(25.88) |
663.02
(41.01) |
678.94
(40.63) |
620.83
(28.66) |
644.76
(29.41) |
725.01
(39.62) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
694.38
(18.25) |
687.61
(16.88) |
681.79
(18.95) |
693.77
(20.54) |
684.10
(23.04) |
679.80
(20.91) |
651.15
(22.51) |
674.92
(17.93) |
637.56
(15.76) |
642.87
(17.75) |
| Not employed |
699.47
(25.70) |
806.95
(38.64) |
851.33
(49.88) |
769.15
(35.58) |
792.62
(33.67) |
768.53
(41.66) |
739.97
(33.37) |
765.17
(43.77) |
798.17
(34.83) |
861.52
(38.95) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
600.68
(33.09) |
519.93
(30.62) |
566.92
(46.79) |
511.31
(32.87) |
586.75
(39.42) |
556.50
(43.96) |
519.22
(32.97) |
501.69
(34.65) |
628.91
(56.82) |
608.42
(45.11) |
| 12 yrs |
661.43
(28.24) |
714.99
(35.67) |
704.84
(35.50) |
700.87
(35.36) |
670.60
(29.41) |
666.58
(40.18) |
596.56
(30.91) |
636.79
(33.20) |
613.63
(28.12) |
672.15
(31.40) |
| > 12 yrs |
721.60
(20.24) |
741.50
(18.73) |
747.16
(23.38) |
740.83
(21.45) |
735.51
(27.25) |
725.94
(25.33) |
711.42
(23.87) |
733.83
(23.30) |
698.80
(17.25) |
711.01
(20.14) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 13. Mean out-of-pocket expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
274.69
(3.45) |
192.44
(6.39) |
200.62
(7.53) |
218.51
(9.65) |
220.12
(8.79) |
236.63
(9.04) |
244.81
(7.54) |
253.83
(7.99) |
251.96
(7.76) |
269.12
(7.72) |
277.79
(9.16) |
| Sex |
| Male |
260.84
(4.11) |
183.14
(9.19) |
199.14
(13.86) |
207.33
(13.60) |
215.28
(11.55) |
223.37
(10.17) |
228.13
(10.29) |
246.28
(11.41) |
246.89
(11.11) |
267.96
(11.43) |
247.74
(9.69) |
| Female |
286.03
(4.03) |
200.12
(9.10) |
201.84
(7.58) |
227.55
(12.03) |
224.00
(11.46) |
247.37
(13.28) |
258.22
(10.90) |
259.97
(9.49) |
256.07
(10.53) |
270.08
(10.80) |
302.57
(12.83) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
209.51
(5.94) |
144.45
(15.27) |
168.57
(15.97) |
166.72
(20.09) |
190.52
(18.94) |
174.28
(20.98) |
185.87
(14.01) |
168.75
(15.00) |
174.49
(14.48) |
194.83
(17.77) |
245.46
(21.78) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
297.03
(4.04) |
200.79
(7.07) |
212.94
(9.01) |
234.24
(11.49) |
234.32
(9.89) |
256.05
(10.38) |
264.91
(9.05) |
276.30
(9.39) |
276.06
(9.61) |
293.81
(9.37) |
295.05
(10.79) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
164.10
(5.03) |
139.58
(22.85) |
128.43
(20.11) |
139.05
(14.89) |
123.11
(14.66) |
137.98
(18.28) |
118.16
(10.68) |
124.68
(12.49) |
119.74
(10.44) |
155.12
(16.82) |
183.45
(18.81) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
256.18
(9.52) |
212.89
(40.61) |
148.63
(20.09) |
150.67
(26.02) |
174.32
(33.05) |
148.44
(23.73) |
219.74
(34.73) |
246.34
(31.61) |
225.74
(22.33) |
236.11
(26.21) |
245.71
(28.42) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
223.08
(4.48) |
176.64
(12.44) |
168.43
(11.03) |
167.26
(13.89) |
197.51
(17.90) |
227.03
(20.48) |
229.10
(15.87) |
216.67
(15.03) |
192.93
(12.05) |
233.70
(16.05) |
222.27
(14.40) |
| 21-64 |
251.97
(3.33) |
172.69
(7.23) |
196.21
(10.77) |
211.52
(9.70) |
200.52
(8.90) |
207.00
(9.32) |
222.10
(8.75) |
238.07
(8.96) |
248.26
(9.35) |
254.46
(9.62) |
252.96
(10.65) |
| > 64 |
485.02
(10.50) |
328.97
(22.75) |
303.10
(17.80) |
383.66
(46.58) |
367.54
(30.94) |
400.07
(25.45) |
394.88
(26.34) |
418.88
(26.24) |
417.83
(26.69) |
423.09
(25.43) |
513.90
(30.16) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
168.17
(6.29) |
121.65
(17.84) |
137.43
(20.50) |
157.87
(28.19) |
148.70
(17.85) |
145.98
(19.19) |
171.44
(27.18) |
167.45
(36.13) |
176.37
(22.38) |
167.84
(20.06) |
213.47
(28.95) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
243.78
(5.25) |
163.60
(13.06) |
176.02
(13.56) |
214.17
(27.06) |
187.58
(14.49) |
208.16
(21.97) |
216.96
(14.71) |
209.66
(15.60) |
203.98
(17.35) |
219.74
(16.32) |
284.11
(27.92) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
268.78
(4.84) |
194.94
(11.11) |
182.95
(9.54) |
218.05
(16.28) |
213.92
(14.49) |
240.51
(15.19) |
237.05
(13.50) |
241.00
(10.85) |
242.78
(13.10) |
236.15
(12.42) |
283.54
(17.85) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
304.80
(4.91) |
213.45
(10.50) |
231.68
(13.96) |
229.66
(12.31) |
241.59
(14.06) |
254.40
(12.70) |
266.80
(12.16) |
284.86
(12.23) |
281.04
(11.60) |
318.47
(13.68) |
283.10
(11.19) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
250.16
(3.34) |
172.87
(7.42) |
180.27
(7.37) |
190.03
(8.79) |
198.49
(9.70) |
215.21
(9.68) |
218.61
(8.20) |
231.12
(9.41) |
236.63
(8.89) |
246.13
(9.75) |
249.77
(10.08) |
| Only public |
82.74
(3.68) |
57.76
(11.53) |
54.95
(14.05) |
49.30
(8.37) |
56.17
(9.63) |
54.20
(11.20) |
83.76
(16.35) |
51.28
(6.06) |
56.46
(8.28) |
79.29
(11.94) |
90.40
(12.57) |
| Neither |
448.61
(7.36) |
285.27
(14.00) |
299.85
(22.60) |
359.36
(26.40) |
331.14
(19.25) |
359.12
(19.27) |
380.61
(18.98) |
406.93
(17.39) |
384.27
(18.01) |
439.38
(19.57) |
471.36
(22.26) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
245.15
(3.05) |
174.09
(6.62) |
189.72
(8.86) |
201.01
(9.62) |
204.81
(9.24) |
216.86
(9.84) |
224.20
(8.25) |
234.46
(8.51) |
227.53
(7.85) |
250.86
(8.98) |
241.15
(8.40) |
| Not employed |
375.43
(7.46) |
259.96
(16.36) |
241.55
(12.79) |
284.94
(24.36) |
280.14
(19.58) |
314.67
(18.17) |
322.65
(16.08) |
323.97
(19.75) |
338.89
(18.20) |
335.29
(17.51) |
403.14
(24.26) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
218.01
(6.07) |
169.15
(19.38) |
167.38
(16.04) |
223.07
(34.25) |
219.15
(33.72) |
237.10
(25.71) |
212.92
(19.77) |
207.84
(17.53) |
203.55
(18.60) |
241.77
(20.94) |
234.19
(23.00) |
| 12 yrs |
260.40
(4.77) |
188.24
(11.08) |
187.47
(8.47) |
202.29
(14.05) |
217.88
(12.73) |
203.23
(11.66) |
242.41
(14.22) |
237.72
(12.73) |
236.10
(12.64) |
254.19
(13.23) |
271.53
(17.66) |
| > 12 yrs |
287.74
(4.20) |
198.37
(8.74) |
211.31
(10.94) |
224.94
(11.50) |
221.76
(10.45) |
252.05
(12.41) |
251.57
(10.23) |
269.75
(10.40) |
266.61
(10.32) |
279.74
(10.79) |
287.54
(11.01) |
Table 13. Mean out-of-pocket expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
291.25
(10.36) |
306.72
(9.20) |
324.82
(11.95) |
314.96
(12.30) |
309.87
(14.06) |
306.21
(12.83) |
316.63
(13.65) |
309.40
(11.97) |
301.71
(9.33) |
307.24
(11.58) |
| Sex |
| Male |
273.52
(14.00) |
278.63
(12.35) |
317.90
(16.05) |
297.65
(17.98) |
282.52
(15.51) |
302.74
(18.25) |
296.99
(17.13) |
295.70
(14.28) |
271.91
(12.33) |
296.98
(13.57) |
| Female |
306.02
(13.32) |
329.51
(12.99) |
330.43
(15.65) |
329.17
(14.44) |
332.39
(20.73) |
309.07
(15.41) |
332.89
(18.25) |
320.72
(17.24) |
326.66
(14.75) |
315.84
(16.58) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
208.06
(33.57) |
249.52
(21.94) |
241.48
(21.30) |
205.78
(16.04) |
233.39
(22.37) |
265.84
(25.46) |
209.09
(19.18) |
203.22
(16.12) |
220.56
(17.93) |
225.63
(17.40) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
317.05
(12.56) |
332.18
(11.31) |
350.36
(14.59) |
346.69
(15.35) |
344.01
(18.26) |
321.06
(14.64) |
352.99
(18.17) |
343.78
(15.34) |
340.95
(12.06) |
346.06
(15.22) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
179.43
(15.04) |
190.24
(21.10) |
208.92
(28.23) |
203.48
(23.27) |
155.80
(14.86) |
209.01
(27.90) |
180.82
(15.58) |
185.08
(16.00) |
148.58
(13.70) |
208.69
(21.21) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
255.67
(34.78) |
254.26
(27.34) |
319.59
(40.97) |
278.92
(34.02) |
277.64
(30.91) |
345.86
(55.49) |
304.44
(33.17) |
319.96
(38.49) |
265.97
(27.49) |
232.11
(23.99) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
248.48
(17.45) |
225.74
(15.50) |
253.54
(21.30) |
231.89
(16.27) |
247.83
(32.20) |
246.54
(21.36) |
255.62
(23.07) |
216.96
(18.78) |
250.73
(21.68) |
228.98
(20.49) |
| 21-64 |
268.10
(11.12) |
298.40
(10.86) |
295.48
(12.89) |
309.88
(16.84) |
283.09
(12.50) |
278.27
(11.52) |
270.61
(12.56) |
293.94
(14.42) |
255.77
(11.00) |
263.60
(12.24) |
| > 64 |
495.53
(36.53) |
528.19
(37.87) |
603.10
(44.34) |
517.59
(37.89) |
551.12
(40.66) |
524.79
(44.03) |
600.06
(50.80) |
545.43
(36.38) |
543.24
(34.84) |
585.85
(38.46) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
216.83
(28.56) |
193.39
(29.09) |
145.76
(15.73) |
172.33
(18.77) |
174.42
(21.97) |
159.14
(20.09) |
190.44
(29.20) |
164.29
(30.77) |
149.53
(16.76) |
179.01
(32.79) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
229.22
(17.24) |
275.79
(22.34) |
326.86
(30.13) |
266.89
(23.14) |
274.32
(21.77) |
252.98
(19.85) |
275.35
(25.34) |
253.74
(20.80) |
318.74
(34.66) |
263.35
(27.31) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
285.86
(15.17) |
274.46
(16.60) |
314.25
(18.84) |
289.17
(16.46) |
314.65
(23.47) |
338.15
(23.79) |
316.05
(20.16) |
332.47
(23.76) |
316.51
(23.54) |
308.56
(21.99) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
320.27
(16.11) |
350.94
(14.00) |
361.31
(17.55) |
370.25
(22.63) |
344.60
(24.15) |
332.61
(19.59) |
354.88
(22.08) |
342.34
(16.37) |
320.42
(15.43) |
340.53
(15.83) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
275.18
(10.85) |
288.31
(10.82) |
293.75
(13.21) |
286.41
(12.13) |
293.79
(18.64) |
272.51
(12.86) |
276.69
(14.05) |
289.97
(15.10) |
283.07
(12.23) |
273.53
(11.99) |
| Only public |
83.65
(14.56) |
100.43
(18.40) |
82.31
(16.47) |
90.56
(18.42) |
84.13
(12.48) |
78.25
(10.01) |
113.50
(18.89) |
90.25
(12.66) |
91.72
(12.46) |
111.62
(17.62) |
| Neither |
449.33
(28.00) |
467.72
(23.34) |
544.67
(29.57) |
536.04
(39.96) |
499.01
(22.82) |
556.77
(39.45) |
570.38
(38.22) |
531.79
(24.84) |
551.11
(29.16) |
603.64
(38.51) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
273.19
(11.44) |
272.50
(9.12) |
277.53
(11.61) |
286.68
(12.72) |
274.10
(15.55) |
270.06
(12.46) |
280.80
(13.93) |
273.84
(11.61) |
256.27
(9.21) |
254.45
(11.19) |
| Not employed |
355.97
(18.24) |
426.11
(26.29) |
486.34
(33.61) |
403.39
(28.01) |
425.85
(24.37) |
416.93
(26.92) |
420.23
(30.07) |
414.24
(27.81) |
438.99
(25.90) |
471.59
(31.11) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
241.04
(19.24) |
206.17
(17.31) |
265.77
(33.02) |
184.08
(17.93) |
203.41
(18.81) |
215.24
(24.60) |
214.24
(20.71) |
219.52
(27.98) |
275.98
(40.99) |
224.70
(23.26) |
| 12 yrs |
280.99
(19.56) |
305.40
(18.61) |
321.35
(22.54) |
317.99
(25.12) |
310.12
(19.18) |
305.40
(23.15) |
283.94
(21.99) |
310.30
(23.46) |
284.51
(23.19) |
288.94
(22.88) |
| > 12 yrs |
301.69
(12.59) |
322.01
(11.71) |
334.96
(14.08) |
330.12
(14.80) |
321.96
(19.04) |
315.08
(16.28) |
335.87
(17.42) |
318.47
(14.06) |
308.64
(10.46) |
320.57
(12.88) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 14. Mean out-of-pocket expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
326.00
(3.75) |
290.71
(9.65) |
296.26
(11.12) |
317.74
(14.04) |
313.15
(12.51) |
325.69
(12.44) |
327.63
(10.10) |
334.42
(10.52) |
324.56
(10.00) |
337.68
(9.69) |
337.13
(11.11) |
| Sex |
| Male |
309.72
(4.58) |
276.66
(13.88) |
294.07
(20.47) |
301.48
(19.78) |
306.27
(16.43) |
307.44
(14.00) |
305.32
(13.77) |
324.47
(15.04) |
318.03
(14.31) |
336.21
(14.34) |
300.66
(11.76) |
| Female |
339.35
(4.44) |
302.31
(13.75) |
298.06
(11.19) |
330.88
(17.49) |
318.68
(16.30) |
340.49
(18.28) |
345.58
(14.59) |
342.50
(12.51) |
329.86
(13.56) |
338.88
(13.55) |
367.20
(15.58) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
243.02
(6.71) |
218.21
(23.07) |
248.94
(23.58) |
242.42
(29.22) |
271.04
(26.95) |
239.88
(28.88) |
248.76
(18.75) |
222.33
(19.76) |
224.77
(18.65) |
244.46
(22.30) |
297.89
(26.44) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
354.23
(4.39) |
303.32
(10.68) |
314.45
(13.30) |
340.61
(16.70) |
333.36
(14.07) |
352.43
(14.28) |
354.53
(12.11) |
364.02
(12.37) |
355.61
(12.37) |
368.65
(11.75) |
358.07
(13.10) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
193.56
(5.84) |
210.85
(34.52) |
189.66
(29.70) |
202.19
(21.65) |
175.14
(20.86) |
189.92
(25.17) |
158.13
(14.29) |
164.26
(16.46) |
154.24
(13.45) |
194.63
(21.11) |
222.64
(22.83) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
293.34
(10.35) |
321.59
(61.35) |
219.49
(29.67) |
219.08
(37.84) |
248.00
(47.02) |
204.31
(32.66) |
294.08
(46.48) |
324.56
(41.65) |
290.78
(28.77) |
296.25
(32.88) |
298.19
(34.49) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
266.12
(5.17) |
266.84
(18.79) |
248.73
(16.29) |
243.21
(20.20) |
280.99
(25.46) |
312.48
(28.19) |
306.61
(21.24) |
285.47
(19.80) |
248.51
(15.52) |
293.23
(20.13) |
269.75
(17.47) |
| 21-64 |
300.90
(3.76) |
260.87
(10.92) |
289.75
(15.90) |
307.56
(14.11) |
285.27
(12.65) |
284.92
(12.82) |
297.24
(11.71) |
313.65
(11.80) |
319.80
(12.05) |
319.28
(12.07) |
306.99
(12.93) |
| > 64 |
564.81
(11.29) |
496.95
(34.36) |
447.60
(26.28) |
557.88
(67.74) |
522.89
(44.01) |
550.66
(35.03) |
528.48
(35.25) |
551.87
(34.57) |
538.22
(34.38) |
530.86
(31.90) |
623.67
(36.60) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
199.64
(7.45) |
183.77
(26.95) |
202.95
(30.27) |
229.56
(41.00) |
211.55
(25.39) |
200.93
(26.42) |
229.45
(36.37) |
220.62
(47.60) |
227.19
(28.83) |
210.59
(25.17) |
259.07
(35.14) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
287.47
(5.91) |
247.14
(19.73) |
259.94
(20.03) |
311.42
(39.34) |
266.86
(20.61) |
286.51
(30.24) |
290.37
(19.68) |
276.22
(20.56) |
262.75
(22.35) |
275.71
(20.48) |
344.80
(33.89) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
320.34
(5.34) |
294.48
(16.78) |
270.17
(14.09) |
317.06
(23.68) |
304.34
(20.61) |
331.04
(20.90) |
317.24
(18.06) |
317.51
(14.30) |
312.73
(16.88) |
296.31
(15.58) |
344.11
(21.66) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
361.39
(5.40) |
322.45
(15.85) |
342.13
(20.61) |
333.94
(17.90) |
343.70
(20.01) |
350.15
(17.47) |
357.07
(16.27) |
375.31
(16.11) |
362.02
(14.94) |
399.59
(17.17) |
343.58
(13.57) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
297.15
(3.63) |
261.15
(11.21) |
266.21
(10.89) |
276.33
(12.78) |
282.39
(13.80) |
296.22
(13.32) |
292.57
(10.98) |
304.50
(12.40) |
304.82
(11.45) |
308.82
(12.23) |
303.12
(12.23) |
| Only public |
94.40
(4.16) |
87.26
(17.42) |
81.15
(20.75) |
71.68
(12.18) |
79.91
(13.70) |
74.60
(15.41) |
112.10
(21.88) |
67.56
(7.98) |
72.72
(10.66) |
99.49
(14.98) |
109.71
(15.26) |
| Neither |
533.42
(7.94) |
430.93
(21.14) |
442.80
(33.37) |
522.54
(38.39) |
471.10
(27.38) |
494.30
(26.53) |
509.37
(25.40) |
536.13
(22.90) |
495.00
(23.20) |
551.30
(24.55) |
572.05
(27.01) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
292.64
(3.48) |
262.98
(10.00) |
280.17
(13.09) |
292.29
(13.98) |
291.38
(13.15) |
298.49
(13.54) |
300.05
(11.04) |
308.90
(11.21) |
293.09
(10.11) |
314.76
(11.26) |
292.67
(10.20) |
| Not employed |
439.80
(8.10) |
392.70
(24.71) |
356.71
(18.89) |
414.32
(35.42) |
398.55
(27.85) |
433.11
(25.01) |
431.81
(21.51) |
426.82
(26.02) |
436.53
(23.45) |
420.69
(21.98) |
489.26
(29.45) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
266.17
(7.56) |
255.52
(29.27) |
247.18
(23.68) |
324.37
(49.80) |
311.78
(47.98) |
326.35
(35.39) |
284.95
(26.46) |
273.83
(23.10) |
262.20
(23.96) |
303.35
(26.28) |
284.21
(27.91) |
| 12 yrs |
313.46
(5.48) |
284.36
(16.74) |
276.84
(12.51) |
294.15
(20.43) |
309.97
(18.10) |
279.73
(16.06) |
324.42
(19.03) |
313.19
(16.78) |
304.13
(16.28) |
318.94
(16.60) |
329.54
(21.43) |
| > 12 yrs |
338.87
(4.55) |
299.66
(13.21) |
312.05
(16.16) |
327.08
(16.72) |
315.49
(14.87) |
346.93
(17.08) |
336.68
(13.69) |
355.39
(13.70) |
343.43
(13.29) |
350.99
(13.54) |
348.96
(13.36) |
Table 14. Mean out-of-pocket expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
342.42
(12.18) |
350.61
(10.51) |
357.58
(13.15) |
347.96
(13.59) |
336.81
(15.28) |
322.65
(13.51) |
326.87
(14.09) |
314.80
(12.18) |
302.07
(9.34) |
307.24
(11.58) |
| Sex |
| Male |
321.57
(16.46) |
318.51
(14.12) |
349.96
(17.67) |
328.84
(19.86) |
307.09
(16.86) |
318.99
(19.22) |
306.59
(17.68) |
300.86
(14.53) |
272.23
(12.35) |
296.98
(13.57) |
| Female |
359.78
(15.66) |
376.67
(14.85) |
363.75
(17.23) |
363.66
(15.96) |
361.30
(22.53) |
325.66
(16.23) |
343.66
(18.84) |
326.31
(17.54) |
327.05
(14.77) |
315.84
(16.58) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
244.61
(39.47) |
285.23
(25.08) |
265.83
(23.45) |
227.34
(17.73) |
253.68
(24.31) |
280.11
(26.83) |
215.85
(19.80) |
206.76
(16.40) |
220.82
(17.95) |
225.63
(17.40) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
372.75
(14.76) |
379.72
(12.93) |
385.70
(16.07) |
383.02
(16.96) |
373.92
(19.84) |
338.30
(15.42) |
364.40
(18.76) |
349.77
(15.61) |
341.35
(12.08) |
346.06
(15.22) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
210.96
(17.68) |
217.47
(24.12) |
230.00
(31.07) |
224.80
(25.71) |
169.35
(16.16) |
220.23
(29.40) |
186.66
(16.08) |
188.30
(16.28) |
148.76
(13.72) |
208.69
(21.21) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
300.59
(40.89) |
290.65
(31.25) |
351.82
(45.10) |
308.15
(37.59) |
301.79
(33.60) |
364.43
(58.47) |
314.29
(34.24) |
325.53
(39.16) |
266.28
(27.52) |
232.11
(23.99) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
292.13
(20.51) |
258.05
(17.72) |
279.11
(23.44) |
256.19
(17.98) |
269.38
(35.00) |
259.78
(22.51) |
263.89
(23.82) |
220.74
(19.11) |
251.03
(21.71) |
228.98
(20.49) |
| 21-64 |
315.20
(13.07) |
341.11
(12.42) |
325.28
(14.19) |
342.35
(18.61) |
307.70
(13.59) |
293.21
(12.14) |
279.36
(12.96) |
299.07
(14.67) |
256.07
(11.01) |
263.60
(12.24) |
| > 64 |
582.58
(42.95) |
603.79
(43.29) |
663.93
(48.81) |
571.82
(41.86) |
599.05
(44.19) |
552.97
(46.40) |
619.46
(52.45) |
554.93
(37.01) |
543.89
(34.88) |
585.85
(38.46) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
254.93
(33.58) |
221.07
(33.25) |
160.46
(17.32) |
190.38
(20.74) |
189.58
(23.88) |
167.68
(21.17) |
196.60
(30.14) |
167.16
(31.31) |
149.71
(16.78) |
179.01
(32.79) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
269.48
(20.27) |
315.26
(25.53) |
359.83
(33.17) |
294.85
(25.57) |
298.18
(23.66) |
266.56
(20.91) |
284.25
(26.16) |
258.16
(21.16) |
319.12
(34.70) |
263.35
(27.31) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
336.07
(17.83) |
313.74
(18.98) |
345.94
(20.74) |
319.47
(18.19) |
342.01
(25.51) |
356.31
(25.07) |
326.27
(20.81) |
338.26
(24.17) |
316.89
(23.56) |
308.56
(21.99) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
376.53
(18.94) |
401.17
(16.01) |
397.74
(19.32) |
409.05
(25.00) |
374.57
(26.25) |
350.47
(20.65) |
366.36
(22.80) |
348.31
(16.66) |
320.80
(15.45) |
340.53
(15.83) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
323.53
(12.75) |
329.58
(12.37) |
323.38
(14.54) |
316.42
(13.40) |
319.33
(20.26) |
287.14
(13.55) |
285.64
(14.51) |
295.03
(15.36) |
283.41
(12.24) |
273.53
(11.99) |
| Only public |
98.34
(17.12) |
114.81
(21.03) |
90.61
(18.13) |
100.04
(20.35) |
91.45
(13.57) |
82.46
(10.55) |
117.17
(19.50) |
91.82
(12.88) |
91.83
(12.48) |
111.62
(17.62) |
| Neither |
528.27
(32.91) |
534.66
(26.68) |
599.61
(32.55) |
592.21
(44.15) |
542.40
(24.81) |
586.67
(41.57) |
588.82
(39.45) |
541.06
(25.27) |
551.77
(29.19) |
603.64
(38.51) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
321.19
(13.44) |
311.51
(10.42) |
305.52
(12.78) |
316.72
(14.06) |
297.93
(16.90) |
284.56
(13.13) |
289.88
(14.38) |
278.61
(11.82) |
256.58
(9.22) |
254.45
(11.19) |
| Not employed |
418.51
(21.44) |
487.09
(30.05) |
535.39
(37.00) |
445.66
(30.95) |
462.88
(26.49) |
439.31
(28.37) |
433.81
(31.04) |
421.46
(28.29) |
439.51
(25.93) |
471.59
(31.11) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
283.39
(22.62) |
235.67
(19.79) |
292.58
(36.35) |
203.37
(19.81) |
221.10
(20.45) |
226.80
(25.92) |
221.17
(21.38) |
223.35
(28.47) |
276.31
(41.04) |
224.70
(23.26) |
| 12 yrs |
330.35
(23.00) |
349.11
(21.27) |
353.75
(24.81) |
351.31
(27.75) |
337.08
(20.84) |
321.80
(24.39) |
293.12
(22.70) |
315.71
(23.87) |
284.85
(23.22) |
288.94
(22.88) |
| > 12 yrs |
354.69
(14.80) |
368.10
(13.38) |
368.75
(15.49) |
364.72
(16.35) |
349.96
(20.69) |
332.00
(17.15) |
346.73
(17.98) |
324.02
(14.30) |
309.01
(10.47) |
320.57
(12.88) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 15. Mean private dental insurance expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
243.70
(2.88) |
158.74
(6.00) |
162.77
(4.60) |
176.23
(7.83) |
187.53
(7.78) |
201.51
(9.90) |
207.61
(6.34) |
213.13
(6.36) |
224.85
(7.04) |
240.01
(7.56) |
238.56
(6.63) |
| Sex |
| Male |
239.34
(3.18) |
155.23
(8.39) |
151.57
(5.76) |
174.22
(9.30) |
186.04
(10.03) |
180.50
(9.18) |
196.43
(8.05) |
214.45
(8.99) |
230.35
(10.30) |
238.10
(9.51) |
243.45
(8.97) |
| Female |
247.28
(3.31) |
161.64
(7.65) |
171.96
(6.08) |
177.85
(9.66) |
188.72
(8.75) |
218.54
(15.53) |
216.60
(8.58) |
212.06
(7.55) |
220.37
(7.85) |
241.58
(9.69) |
234.52
(8.13) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
180.51
(5.88) |
127.75
(12.37) |
159.57
(17.41) |
125.99
(11.04) |
154.17
(13.30) |
118.88
(13.96) |
145.44
(12.24) |
139.93
(11.24) |
174.63
(15.02) |
173.96
(17.62) |
172.40
(17.14) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
252.96
(3.34) |
164.06
(6.91) |
169.56
(5.23) |
185.78
(9.14) |
190.88
(8.77) |
212.18
(10.70) |
213.64
(6.93) |
225.05
(7.48) |
233.07
(8.37) |
257.74
(9.27) |
247.21
(7.60) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
201.85
(5.41) |
119.78
(12.77) |
105.84
(11.89) |
122.56
(13.61) |
172.10
(22.78) |
161.43
(28.84) |
179.44
(18.43) |
154.18
(11.11) |
186.18
(21.48) |
145.70
(9.79) |
212.07
(16.56) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
290.90
(9.30) |
182.95
(25.98) |
142.02
(21.18) |
185.50
(28.37) |
211.22
(34.11) |
225.91
(49.38) |
273.98
(36.86) |
238.52
(22.51) |
243.01
(20.65) |
252.02
(21.64) |
269.59
(33.09) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
241.54
(4.79) |
166.49
(13.04) |
151.59
(9.43) |
192.72
(15.89) |
203.07
(15.81) |
246.65
(25.77) |
225.56
(12.60) |
199.11
(10.67) |
232.59
(14.07) |
239.67
(13.74) |
247.69
(13.85) |
| 21-64 |
270.25
(3.23) |
170.73
(6.49) |
184.04
(5.54) |
188.70
(8.06) |
201.23
(7.62) |
203.54
(7.23) |
224.20
(7.81) |
245.92
(8.58) |
245.09
(7.53) |
263.24
(8.80) |
263.79
(7.62) |
| > 64 |
138.02
(4.37) |
80.57
(9.07) |
86.43
(9.48) |
71.96
(9.03) |
85.07
(9.55) |
77.76
(11.71) |
81.82
(6.28) |
91.23
(7.82) |
108.54
(13.69) |
133.94
(18.71) |
108.09
(10.16) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
71.77
(3.72) |
43.19
(8.58) |
58.54
(9.91) |
36.25
(6.83) |
70.70
(12.78) |
76.79
(19.91) |
55.24
(12.22) |
49.61
(5.96) |
59.24
(12.10) |
80.61
(19.94) |
83.36
(16.82) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
133.38
(3.99) |
96.61
(7.51) |
96.75
(7.93) |
89.51
(11.47) |
93.12
(11.36) |
99.76
(13.22) |
135.11
(14.25) |
98.78
(7.34) |
128.53
(12.88) |
135.38
(13.63) |
124.58
(12.59) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
244.93
(3.76) |
172.45
(9.97) |
158.21
(7.17) |
172.32
(10.04) |
185.77
(9.53) |
189.08
(13.60) |
208.29
(9.09) |
215.65
(11.33) |
217.93
(11.62) |
233.54
(11.50) |
265.47
(11.46) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
301.70
(3.96) |
190.05
(9.53) |
203.43
(7.84) |
221.53
(11.30) |
226.96
(11.89) |
252.83
(18.37) |
246.67
(9.96) |
263.53
(8.94) |
278.43
(10.26) |
296.31
(11.78) |
276.16
(9.01) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
354.68
(3.71) |
232.85
(7.84) |
235.62
(6.17) |
253.26
(9.73) |
267.94
(9.77) |
290.18
(13.73) |
295.84
(8.31) |
303.91
(8.40) |
325.31
(8.73) |
341.50
(9.87) |
340.60
(8.53) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
266.22
(3.15) |
176.01
(7.03) |
179.99
(5.39) |
200.19
(9.29) |
208.78
(9.10) |
223.02
(11.97) |
225.48
(7.45) |
235.08
(7.42) |
248.01
(7.89) |
260.48
(8.53) |
260.77
(7.70) |
| Not employed |
167.07
(4.03) |
95.32
(10.56) |
98.38
(6.58) |
85.28
(6.22) |
104.59
(7.86) |
116.57
(12.83) |
139.76
(9.55) |
133.86
(8.18) |
142.70
(10.48) |
165.99
(13.35) |
162.71
(11.00) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
122.41
(4.29) |
75.76
(11.59) |
76.77
(9.25) |
86.21
(15.43) |
104.28
(12.44) |
88.47
(12.24) |
116.79
(13.23) |
130.20
(17.56) |
113.24
(11.96) |
148.74
(17.24) |
144.92
(14.29) |
| 12 yrs |
206.41
(3.66) |
154.10
(11.71) |
149.47
(8.12) |
147.84
(9.64) |
185.57
(10.25) |
182.02
(18.25) |
203.09
(10.46) |
183.68
(8.91) |
214.80
(11.45) |
213.69
(11.32) |
222.58
(11.90) |
| > 12 yrs |
273.93
(3.39) |
174.57
(7.06) |
181.09
(5.84) |
200.21
(9.86) |
202.22
(10.76) |
229.72
(13.17) |
225.71
(8.49) |
241.37
(8.66) |
246.78
(8.75) |
264.07
(10.46) |
260.14
(8.30) |
Table 15. Mean private dental insurance expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
251.84
(6.82) |
264.79
(7.78) |
271.19
(9.38) |
267.34
(7.67) |
278.27
(8.73) |
294.48
(11.17) |
273.22
(10.85) |
312.61
(11.16) |
303.48
(9.43) |
299.23
(10.26) |
| Sex |
| Male |
245.04
(7.87) |
251.31
(9.89) |
271.55
(13.77) |
252.43
(10.00) |
277.86
(11.42) |
294.28
(13.42) |
265.42
(10.84) |
321.86
(15.82) |
308.80
(13.24) |
276.37
(12.07) |
| Female |
257.50
(9.59) |
275.73
(10.21) |
270.90
(10.82) |
279.58
(9.23) |
278.61
(11.26) |
294.64
(15.67) |
279.67
(15.43) |
304.98
(13.94) |
299.02
(12.20) |
318.37
(13.25) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
152.30
(13.32) |
175.54
(15.83) |
219.99
(30.97) |
171.60
(13.75) |
174.58
(16.28) |
233.59
(27.35) |
194.87
(16.52) |
210.89
(18.01) |
217.75
(21.06) |
217.45
(19.73) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
262.31
(7.88) |
269.58
(9.15) |
283.12
(11.08) |
282.92
(8.46) |
307.55
(11.02) |
308.82
(14.33) |
282.42
(13.94) |
334.95
(15.24) |
321.57
(11.45) |
308.48
(13.46) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
216.65
(18.06) |
294.07
(28.19) |
223.15
(17.39) |
239.91
(18.29) |
177.87
(12.80) |
226.98
(17.09) |
231.89
(16.91) |
249.15
(25.16) |
264.81
(23.83) |
268.61
(25.32) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
321.51
(33.45) |
313.21
(26.22) |
280.48
(21.49) |
281.13
(41.81) |
272.32
(22.31) |
339.12
(29.16) |
368.64
(28.82) |
352.94
(27.92) |
325.32
(31.03) |
382.11
(38.85) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
258.81
(14.14) |
251.63
(14.98) |
282.86
(17.07) |
252.87
(13.55) |
239.57
(16.77) |
282.69
(25.08) |
284.79
(24.52) |
255.17
(15.11) |
286.48
(17.85) |
289.44
(22.17) |
| 21-64 |
278.14
(7.63) |
297.98
(9.53) |
305.27
(12.80) |
308.78
(10.36) |
325.36
(10.47) |
338.33
(12.34) |
291.77
(9.67) |
382.74
(16.87) |
334.45
(12.31) |
329.66
(11.79) |
| > 64 |
119.09
(11.35) |
151.82
(19.51) |
102.77
(9.53) |
130.41
(11.23) |
176.05
(18.71) |
160.75
(16.30) |
185.34
(19.33) |
192.71
(19.58) |
237.17
(22.74) |
221.35
(18.31) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
75.36
(12.99) |
65.63
(14.33) |
101.83
(24.14) |
97.98
(15.07) |
53.51
(8.84) |
76.44
(15.96) |
76.63
(13.40) |
82.61
(25.88) |
72.69
(16.58) |
97.01
(26.96) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
128.82
(11.62) |
158.25
(17.75) |
184.30
(24.21) |
143.96
(10.74) |
151.91
(13.80) |
156.99
(16.95) |
133.51
(13.90) |
171.73
(19.92) |
152.61
(21.49) |
144.47
(13.46) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
273.08
(12.36) |
269.11
(14.54) |
273.75
(14.44) |
277.70
(15.94) |
291.48
(15.81) |
288.38
(14.71) |
281.54
(15.96) |
332.88
(19.77) |
289.15
(13.25) |
305.99
(17.38) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
295.08
(11.08) |
319.90
(11.47) |
322.14
(14.43) |
325.98
(11.35) |
352.05
(13.77) |
384.26
(18.98) |
348.27
(17.53) |
390.42
(17.26) |
398.29
(16.41) |
372.29
(15.91) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
360.49
(8.98) |
386.63
(10.57) |
395.20
(12.99) |
388.71
(10.63) |
411.20
(11.12) |
439.13
(15.81) |
412.03
(14.94) |
469.34
(15.55) |
447.51
(13.36) |
442.67
(14.83) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
278.05
(7.98) |
285.75
(8.65) |
298.18
(9.91) |
292.69
(9.35) |
305.95
(10.14) |
324.31
(12.72) |
301.11
(13.19) |
339.96
(11.48) |
327.58
(10.53) |
322.51
(10.91) |
| Not employed |
157.93
(9.26) |
191.85
(15.20) |
179.48
(20.87) |
188.13
(10.53) |
189.41
(13.58) |
203.72
(20.63) |
192.99
(12.11) |
232.11
(23.15) |
230.66
(20.66) |
226.63
(19.96) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
137.63
(12.59) |
133.63
(15.12) |
139.06
(16.43) |
130.01
(16.31) |
168.52
(23.39) |
125.32
(24.41) |
124.84
(16.08) |
104.99
(11.68) |
173.70
(26.83) |
134.34
(14.13) |
| 12 yrs |
223.77
(11.03) |
257.78
(16.80) |
239.90
(14.11) |
222.85
(13.27) |
219.16
(12.34) |
244.51
(21.24) |
199.53
(13.72) |
217.11
(15.87) |
216.97
(14.39) |
240.80
(15.59) |
| > 12 yrs |
278.52
(9.11) |
285.44
(8.85) |
300.27
(12.83) |
300.24
(10.09) |
308.61
(11.17) |
326.07
(13.98) |
310.00
(13.55) |
358.61
(14.28) |
338.01
(11.38) |
332.15
(12.69) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 16. Mean private dental insurance expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
287.39
(3.51) |
239.80
(9.07) |
240.37
(6.79) |
256.25
(11.39) |
266.79
(11.07) |
277.36
(13.62) |
277.85
(8.49) |
280.79
(8.38) |
289.63
(9.07) |
301.15
(9.49) |
289.51
(8.04) |
| Sex |
| Male |
281.85
(3.82) |
234.50
(12.68) |
223.83
(8.51) |
253.33
(13.52) |
264.68
(14.26) |
248.44
(12.63) |
262.89
(10.78) |
282.53
(11.85) |
296.72
(13.26) |
298.75
(11.93) |
295.46
(10.89) |
| Female |
291.94
(4.00) |
244.18
(11.56) |
253.95
(8.98) |
258.61
(14.04) |
268.49
(12.44) |
300.80
(21.38) |
289.88
(11.48) |
279.38
(9.95) |
283.87
(10.11) |
303.11
(12.16) |
284.61
(9.87) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
208.03
(6.45) |
192.98
(18.68) |
235.65
(25.71) |
183.20
(16.05) |
219.33
(18.92) |
163.63
(19.22) |
194.65
(16.38) |
184.36
(14.81) |
224.94
(19.35) |
218.27
(22.10) |
209.23
(20.80) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
300.14
(4.02) |
247.83
(10.44) |
250.40
(7.72) |
270.14
(13.30) |
271.56
(12.48) |
292.05
(14.73) |
285.92
(9.28) |
296.51
(9.85) |
300.23
(10.79) |
323.39
(11.63) |
300.02
(9.22) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
235.63
(6.19) |
180.94
(19.28) |
156.30
(17.56) |
178.22
(19.79) |
244.84
(32.41) |
222.19
(39.70) |
240.15
(24.67) |
203.14
(14.64) |
239.83
(27.67) |
182.81
(12.28) |
257.37
(20.10) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
331.36
(10.28) |
276.36
(39.25) |
209.72
(31.28) |
269.73
(41.26) |
300.49
(48.53) |
310.94
(67.97) |
366.67
(49.33) |
314.25
(29.66) |
313.03
(26.60) |
316.22
(27.16) |
327.17
(40.16) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
286.27
(5.79) |
251.51
(19.70) |
223.86
(13.92) |
280.23
(23.11) |
288.90
(22.49) |
339.49
(35.47) |
301.88
(16.86) |
262.32
(14.05) |
299.61
(18.12) |
300.72
(17.24) |
300.59
(16.80) |
| 21-64 |
319.26
(3.80) |
257.91
(9.81) |
271.77
(8.18) |
274.38
(11.73) |
286.29
(10.85) |
280.15
(9.95) |
300.05
(10.45) |
324.00
(11.31) |
315.71
(9.70) |
330.29
(11.04) |
320.13
(9.25) |
| > 64 |
157.24
(4.81) |
121.71
(13.70) |
127.63
(13.99) |
104.64
(13.14) |
121.03
(13.59) |
107.03
(16.12) |
109.50
(8.40) |
120.19
(10.31) |
139.82
(17.63) |
168.06
(23.48) |
131.18
(12.33) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
84.00
(4.22) |
65.24
(12.96) |
86.45
(14.63) |
52.71
(9.93) |
100.58
(18.17) |
105.69
(27.40) |
73.93
(16.35) |
65.37
(7.85) |
76.31
(15.59) |
101.14
(25.02) |
101.16
(20.42) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
156.85
(4.51) |
145.94
(11.34) |
142.88
(11.70) |
130.16
(16.67) |
132.48
(16.16) |
137.31
(18.19) |
180.82
(19.08) |
130.14
(9.67) |
165.56
(16.59) |
169.87
(17.10) |
151.20
(15.28) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
290.56
(4.44) |
260.51
(15.06) |
233.64
(10.59) |
250.56
(14.60) |
264.29
(13.56) |
260.25
(18.71) |
278.76
(12.17) |
284.12
(14.92) |
280.72
(14.97) |
293.03
(14.43) |
322.18
(13.91) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
354.96
(4.60) |
287.10
(14.40) |
300.41
(11.58) |
322.12
(16.43) |
322.89
(16.92) |
347.99
(25.28) |
330.12
(13.33) |
347.19
(11.78) |
358.66
(13.22) |
371.79
(14.78) |
335.15
(10.93) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
418.26
(4.19) |
351.75
(11.85) |
347.96
(9.12) |
368.27
(14.14) |
381.19
(13.90) |
399.41
(18.89) |
395.92
(11.11) |
400.40
(11.06) |
419.04
(11.24) |
428.48
(12.38) |
413.36
(10.35) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
315.05
(3.92) |
265.88
(10.62) |
265.80
(7.96) |
291.10
(13.51) |
297.02
(12.94) |
306.96
(16.47) |
301.76
(9.96) |
309.72
(9.78) |
319.47
(10.16) |
326.83
(10.71) |
316.47
(9.35) |
| Not employed |
193.26
(4.40) |
143.99
(15.95) |
145.28
(9.72) |
124.00
(9.04) |
148.79
(11.18) |
160.45
(17.66) |
187.04
(12.78) |
176.35
(10.77) |
183.81
(13.50) |
208.28
(16.75) |
197.46
(13.35) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
147.37
(5.26) |
114.44
(17.50) |
113.37
(13.65) |
125.36
(22.43) |
148.36
(17.69) |
121.76
(16.85) |
156.31
(17.71) |
171.54
(23.13) |
145.87
(15.40) |
186.63
(21.63) |
175.88
(17.34) |
| 12 yrs |
249.61
(4.62) |
232.79
(17.69) |
220.73
(11.99) |
214.98
(14.01) |
264.00
(14.58) |
250.54
(25.12) |
271.80
(14.00) |
241.99
(11.74) |
276.69
(14.75) |
268.12
(14.21) |
270.12
(14.45) |
| > 12 yrs |
320.30
(3.98) |
263.71
(10.66) |
267.43
(8.63) |
291.12
(14.33) |
287.69
(15.30) |
316.19
(18.12) |
302.07
(11.37) |
318.01
(11.41) |
317.89
(11.27) |
331.34
(13.12) |
315.71
(10.07) |
Table 16. Mean private dental insurance expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
296.08
(8.02) |
302.69
(8.90) |
298.54
(10.32) |
295.35
(8.48) |
302.47
(9.49) |
310.29
(11.77) |
282.05
(11.20) |
318.06
(11.35) |
303.84
(9.44) |
299.23
(10.26) |
| Sex |
| Male |
288.09
(9.25) |
287.27
(11.30) |
298.94
(15.16) |
278.88
(11.05) |
302.02
(12.41) |
310.08
(14.14) |
274.00
(11.19) |
327.46
(16.10) |
309.16
(13.26) |
276.37
(12.07) |
| Female |
302.74
(11.27) |
315.20
(11.67) |
298.22
(11.91) |
308.87
(10.20) |
302.83
(12.24) |
310.46
(16.51) |
288.71
(15.93) |
310.29
(14.19) |
299.38
(12.22) |
318.37
(13.25) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
179.06
(15.66) |
200.66
(18.10) |
242.18
(34.09) |
189.58
(15.19) |
189.76
(17.70) |
246.13
(28.82) |
201.17
(17.06) |
214.56
(18.32) |
218.01
(21.09) |
217.45
(19.73) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
308.39
(9.26) |
308.17
(10.46) |
311.67
(12.20) |
312.56
(9.35) |
334.29
(11.97) |
325.40
(15.09) |
291.55
(14.39) |
340.79
(15.50) |
321.95
(11.46) |
308.48
(13.46) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
254.71
(21.23) |
336.16
(32.23) |
245.66
(19.14) |
265.05
(20.20) |
193.34
(13.91) |
239.17
(18.01) |
239.39
(17.46) |
253.50
(25.60) |
265.12
(23.85) |
268.61
(25.32) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
377.99
(39.32) |
358.04
(29.97) |
308.76
(23.65) |
310.59
(46.19) |
296.00
(24.25) |
357.32
(30.72) |
380.56
(29.75) |
359.09
(28.41) |
325.71
(31.07) |
382.11
(38.85) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
304.28
(16.62) |
287.65
(17.12) |
311.38
(18.79) |
279.37
(14.97) |
260.40
(18.22) |
297.87
(26.43) |
294.00
(25.31) |
259.61
(15.37) |
286.82
(17.87) |
289.44
(22.17) |
| 21-64 |
327.01
(8.97) |
340.63
(10.90) |
336.06
(14.10) |
341.13
(11.45) |
353.66
(11.38) |
356.50
(13.00) |
301.21
(9.98) |
389.42
(17.16) |
334.84
(12.32) |
329.66
(11.79) |
| > 64 |
140.01
(13.34) |
173.55
(22.30) |
113.13
(10.49) |
144.07
(12.41) |
191.36
(20.34) |
169.38
(17.18) |
191.33
(19.96) |
196.07
(19.93) |
237.45
(22.77) |
221.35
(18.31) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
88.60
(15.27) |
75.02
(16.38) |
112.10
(26.58) |
108.24
(16.65) |
58.16
(9.61) |
80.55
(16.82) |
79.11
(13.83) |
84.05
(26.33) |
72.78
(16.60) |
97.01
(26.96) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
151.45
(13.66) |
180.90
(20.30) |
202.89
(26.65) |
159.04
(11.86) |
165.12
(15.00) |
165.42
(17.86) |
137.82
(14.35) |
174.72
(20.27) |
152.79
(21.51) |
144.47
(13.46) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
321.06
(14.53) |
307.63
(16.62) |
301.36
(15.90) |
306.80
(17.61) |
316.83
(17.19) |
303.87
(15.50) |
290.64
(16.47) |
338.69
(20.11) |
289.49
(13.26) |
305.99
(17.38) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
346.92
(13.02) |
365.69
(13.11) |
354.63
(15.88) |
360.14
(12.54) |
382.67
(14.97) |
404.90
(20.00) |
359.53
(18.10) |
397.22
(17.56) |
398.77
(16.43) |
372.29
(15.91) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
423.82
(10.56) |
441.96
(12.09) |
435.05
(14.30) |
429.44
(11.74) |
446.96
(12.08) |
462.71
(16.66) |
425.35
(15.42) |
477.52
(15.82) |
448.04
(13.38) |
442.67
(14.83) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
326.90
(9.38) |
326.65
(9.89) |
328.25
(10.91) |
323.36
(10.33) |
332.56
(11.02) |
341.73
(13.40) |
310.85
(13.62) |
345.88
(11.68) |
327.97
(10.54) |
322.51
(10.91) |
| Not employed |
185.68
(10.89) |
219.31
(17.38) |
197.58
(22.98) |
207.84
(11.63) |
205.88
(14.76) |
214.66
(21.73) |
199.23
(12.50) |
236.15
(23.55) |
230.93
(20.68) |
226.63
(19.96) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
161.81
(14.81) |
152.76
(17.28) |
153.08
(18.09) |
143.63
(18.02) |
183.17
(25.43) |
132.05
(25.73) |
128.87
(16.60) |
106.82
(11.89) |
173.90
(26.86) |
134.34
(14.13) |
| 12 yrs |
263.08
(12.96) |
294.67
(19.21) |
264.09
(15.53) |
246.20
(14.66) |
238.22
(13.42) |
257.64
(22.38) |
205.98
(14.16) |
220.89
(16.15) |
217.23
(14.41) |
240.80
(15.59) |
| > 12 yrs |
327.45
(10.71) |
326.29
(10.11) |
330.56
(14.12) |
331.70
(11.15) |
335.44
(12.14) |
343.57
(14.73) |
320.03
(13.99) |
364.86
(14.53) |
338.41
(11.39) |
332.15
(12.69) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 17. Mean public expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
27.48
(0.95) |
10.61
(1.34) |
11.91
(1.21) |
12.90
(1.37) |
13.49
(1.80) |
19.34
(4.17) |
12.82
(1.15) |
19.61
(2.09) |
20.08
(1.96) |
23.60
(2.32) |
25.58
(2.63) |
| Sex |
| Male |
25.71
(1.07) |
10.09
(1.76) |
9.95
(1.32) |
12.69
(1.77) |
14.02
(2.48) |
20.65
(7.30) |
11.94
(1.36) |
17.01
(2.12) |
21.34
(2.64) |
18.86
(2.06) |
22.79
(2.85) |
| Female |
28.93
(1.07) |
11.03
(1.51) |
13.52
(1.66) |
13.07
(1.64) |
13.06
(2.10) |
18.28
(3.61) |
13.52
(1.49) |
21.73
(2.71) |
19.05
(2.06) |
27.48
(3.39) |
27.89
(3.40) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
60.79
(2.83) |
26.89
(4.74) |
35.06
(5.18) |
41.76
(7.26) |
24.24
(3.63) |
24.60
(4.00) |
30.95
(4.36) |
24.03
(3.37) |
20.89
(2.39) |
38.78
(7.01) |
29.47
(3.21) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
18.55
(0.87) |
7.78
(1.41) |
8.04
(1.25) |
7.02
(1.03) |
10.53
(1.82) |
15.38
(4.61) |
8.62
(1.01) |
15.82
(2.14) |
16.78
(2.35) |
18.60
(2.57) |
21.24
(3.22) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
56.90
(2.70) |
22.97
(4.30) |
29.31
(5.19) |
32.33
(4.26) |
29.65
(7.52) |
24.36
(4.58) |
31.62
(5.64) |
40.85
(6.07) |
40.05
(4.46) |
41.67
(6.38) |
46.44
(7.04) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
43.64
(3.95) |
14.25
(6.37) |
13.61
(5.50) |
43.51
(19.92) |
23.22*
(10.11) |
89.41*
(52.67) |
20.86
(9.25) |
37.06
(9.25) |
35.87
(9.83) |
36.82
(7.03) |
44.06
(8.37) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
58.71
(2.06) |
18.68
(2.56) |
26.04
(3.09) |
27.62
(3.10) |
26.96
(4.21) |
37.70
(7.80) |
30.08
(2.88) |
38.42
(4.48) |
42.29
(4.73) |
43.70
(4.04) |
51.59
(5.89) |
| 21-64 |
14.96
(0.84) |
7.89
(1.47) |
5.87
(0.68) |
7.59
(1.23) |
8.62
(1.65) |
13.08
(6.20) |
6.11
(0.81) |
12.27
(1.86) |
11.53
(1.55) |
14.36
(2.56) |
14.26
(2.42) |
| > 64 |
9.56
(1.06) |
3.36
(1.26) |
6.07
(3.37) |
2.07
(0.69) |
4.50
(1.62) |
2.27
(0.71) |
2.66
(0.87) |
8.89
(3.00) |
5.23
(1.33) |
17.06
(5.41) |
14.44
(6.48) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
150.52
(4.63) |
86.54
(12.68) |
119.67
(12.88) |
100.57
(12.96) |
90.65
(14.70) |
73.44
(14.05) |
85.59
(8.90) |
113.79
(12.36) |
131.71
(19.01) |
156.75
(20.63) |
151.27
(20.21) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
68.93
(2.85) |
14.00
(3.48) |
13.11
(1.86) |
32.74
(5.88) |
39.10
(8.07) |
70.58
(28.60) |
33.84
(3.72) |
52.20
(6.70) |
54.67
(6.49) |
53.77
(5.68) |
61.99
(10.25) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
16.41
(1.02) |
2.77
(1.13) |
1.57
(0.44) |
3.28
(0.78) |
6.52
(2.33) |
15.62
(6.80) |
6.70
(1.34) |
10.62
(1.98) |
8.46
(1.33) |
13.11
(2.74) |
15.58
(3.70) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.09
(0.20) |
0.59
(0.27) |
0.73
(0.38) |
0.39
(0.11) |
0.68
(0.26) |
1.12
(0.44) |
1.10
(0.32) |
3.22
(1.59) |
1.41
(0.41) |
1.17
(0.44) |
2.11
(0.63) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
3.15
(0.29) |
0.95
(0.40) |
1.29
(0.38) |
1.52
(0.42) |
1.47
(0.44) |
7.55
(4.56) |
1.67
(0.34) |
2.04
(0.50) |
2.08
(0.46) |
2.54
(0.50) |
1.82
(0.40) |
| Only public |
246.50
(5.61) |
139.85
(15.75) |
162.32
(13.42) |
159.44
(14.17) |
188.40
(22.51) |
190.50
(26.23) |
156.24
(11.73) |
216.94
(19.91) |
201.83
(16.71) |
228.15
(19.92) |
241.37
(21.38) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
22.05
(0.85) |
6.05
(0.99) |
8.38
(1.13) |
9.33
(1.19) |
11.84
(1.93) |
18.13
(4.59) |
10.78
(1.03) |
14.79
(1.76) |
15.35
(1.84) |
17.42
(1.99) |
17.20
(1.84) |
| Not employed |
45.94
(2.07) |
27.37
(4.32) |
25.11
(3.44) |
26.42
(4.22) |
19.90
(3.15) |
24.13
(5.18) |
20.56
(2.76) |
37.06
(5.14) |
36.73
(4.01) |
45.97
(6.59) |
54.25
(8.26) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
89.82
(4.21) |
53.09
(7.97) |
45.18
(5.98) |
60.36
(11.23) |
63.50
(11.07) |
74.84*
(33.57) |
43.73
(4.92) |
61.99
(7.66) |
61.82
(7.52) |
71.10
(8.58) |
82.56
(13.20) |
| 12 yrs |
38.48
(1.65) |
12.08
(2.04) |
18.17
(3.12) |
17.36
(2.73) |
15.60
(3.05) |
20.66
(4.20) |
16.28
(2.02) |
22.70
(2.86) |
28.21
(5.30) |
33.10
(5.06) |
42.28
(6.87) |
| > 12 yrs |
15.01
(0.66) |
2.93
(0.87) |
4.30
(0.66) |
4.46
(0.77) |
4.26
(1.28) |
9.62
(3.49) |
5.85
(0.92) |
10.94
(2.16) |
9.93
(1.32) |
12.64
(1.89) |
9.48
(1.10) |
Table 17. Mean public expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
26.49
(2.57) |
26.56
(2.44) |
30.15
(2.94) |
32.49
(3.12) |
37.81
(3.50) |
36.68
(2.79) |
36.09
(3.52) |
38.66
(2.63) |
44.79
(2.75) |
58.31
(3.90) |
| Sex |
| Male |
24.12
(3.71) |
22.65
(2.80) |
27.87
(3.31) |
29.90
(3.57) |
41.52
(5.58) |
32.02
(3.12) |
30.04
(2.79) |
38.73
(3.83) |
40.95
(3.11) |
55.44
(5.22) |
| Female |
28.47
(3.06) |
29.73
(3.69) |
32.00
(3.93) |
34.62
(4.03) |
34.76
(3.89) |
40.52
(3.63) |
41.10
(5.75) |
38.60
(3.41) |
48.01
(3.79) |
60.72
(4.68) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
44.75
(4.86) |
52.37
(4.91) |
55.42
(12.39) |
61.84
(8.12) |
104.99
(12.78) |
97.43
(9.26) |
73.48
(6.36) |
76.17
(5.12) |
106.15
(8.41) |
110.88
(8.33) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
19.40
(2.90) |
17.11
(1.97) |
23.96
(3.25) |
23.90
(3.46) |
20.38
(3.23) |
20.40
(2.62) |
25.89
(4.45) |
26.34
(3.20) |
25.24
(2.78) |
38.74
(4.03) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
64.79
(10.46) |
50.96
(7.92) |
44.70
(4.93) |
61.40
(7.76) |
88.03
(13.49) |
88.18
(13.32) |
69.97
(6.52) |
74.07
(8.47) |
95.02
(8.95) |
117.91
(10.10) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
32.61
(6.31) |
64.52*
(29.30) |
40.97
(13.64) |
44.21
(9.93) |
45.30
(8.22) |
34.78
(6.76) |
32.08
(6.81) |
46.31
(6.96) |
58.90
(8.67) |
69.52
(19.20) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
53.34
(5.20) |
63.43
(7.35) |
67.68
(8.35) |
73.45
(8.49) |
93.84
(9.61) |
88.11
(7.50) |
74.63
(5.89) |
89.90
(7.26) |
92.49
(5.66) |
104.79
(8.36) |
| 21-64 |
15.47
(3.04) |
11.81
(1.67) |
15.83
(3.26) |
14.70
(2.09) |
13.49
(2.17) |
15.64
(2.25) |
21.64
(5.56) |
16.65
(2.49) |
25.34
(2.63) |
45.06
(5.07) |
| > 64 |
11.09
(3.01) |
5.63
(1.76) |
8.61
(3.20) |
15.15
(4.50) |
12.10
(5.13) |
9.96
(3.82) |
8.13
(2.10) |
10.04
(2.20) |
16.84
(5.61) |
15.86
(3.52) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
160.14
(23.34) |
134.15
(13.07) |
144.42
(19.64) |
136.38
(12.17) |
176.43
(18.07) |
171.88
(12.10) |
171.45
(15.67) |
194.96
(19.90) |
216.72
(14.56) |
273.01
(28.25) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
77.43
(11.35) |
69.67
(8.35) |
84.46
(10.09) |
90.77
(11.74) |
93.86
(12.37) |
84.62
(10.10) |
85.69
(13.69) |
80.08
(6.46) |
102.03
(7.76) |
139.48
(12.70) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
13.95
(2.60) |
22.63
(6.48) |
21.02
(4.36) |
24.04
(5.97) |
20.12
(4.11) |
23.92
(4.10) |
22.50
(6.66) |
24.23
(4.24) |
28.48
(3.79) |
44.96
(6.79) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
1.76
(0.53) |
1.22
(0.43) |
1.51
(0.48) |
2.46
(0.73) |
4.15
(2.46) |
2.37
(1.19) |
2.31
(0.75) |
2.68
(0.69) |
3.16
(0.63) |
6.25
(1.27) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
1.72
(0.33) |
2.61
(0.54) |
2.93
(0.58) |
3.29
(0.68) |
3.14
(0.56) |
2.86
(0.56) |
3.97
(0.90) |
4.12
(0.72) |
6.32
(1.37) |
8.41
(1.23) |
| Only public |
253.96
(22.63) |
238.58
(21.53) |
272.97
(24.83) |
272.64
(22.82) |
294.60
(23.94) |
277.55
(18.33) |
259.09
(23.36) |
258.61
(15.73) |
275.14
(11.55) |
353.45
(22.08) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
20.90
(2.51) |
23.19
(2.72) |
24.36
(3.21) |
26.27
(3.34) |
30.68
(3.42) |
28.70
(2.19) |
30.57
(3.62) |
33.17
(3.20) |
35.48
(2.57) |
52.19
(3.91) |
| Not employed |
46.52
(6.42) |
38.34
(5.43) |
49.53
(6.67) |
51.94
(6.38) |
60.91
(9.00) |
61.01
(7.94) |
51.64
(8.59) |
54.83
(5.51) |
72.93
(6.63) |
77.54
(8.92) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
101.72
(13.28) |
78.97
(9.97) |
83.39
(11.88) |
109.08
(16.16) |
130.86
(15.16) |
143.18
(13.59) |
118.59
(13.21) |
126.05
(13.15) |
145.01
(12.49) |
214.87
(35.88) |
| 12 yrs |
35.94
(4.36) |
37.60
(7.30) |
50.20
(7.82) |
55.81
(8.46) |
53.68
(7.98) |
47.04
(3.98) |
62.04
(10.20) |
62.77
(5.93) |
76.28
(7.91) |
92.02
(9.24) |
| > 12 yrs |
12.68
(2.59) |
14.94
(2.11) |
15.64
(2.75) |
14.49
(1.86) |
22.58
(3.39) |
23.06
(2.83) |
20.38
(3.08) |
23.53
(2.61) |
27.31
(2.32) |
33.32
(2.90) |
* Relative standard error is greater than 30 percent.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 18. Mean Public Expense Per Person In 2015 Dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
31.38
(1.08) |
16.02
(2.02) |
17.59
(1.78) |
18.75
(1.99) |
19.19
(2.57) |
26.62
(5.74) |
17.15
(1.54) |
25.84
(2.76) |
25.86
(2.53) |
29.61
(2.92) |
31.05
(3.19) |
| Sex |
| Male |
29.36
(1.23) |
15.25
(2.67) |
14.69
(1.96) |
18.45
(2.57) |
19.95
(3.52) |
28.42*
(10.04) |
15.98
(1.82) |
22.41
(2.79) |
27.49
(3.39) |
23.67
(2.59) |
27.66
(3.46) |
| Female |
33.03
(1.21) |
16.67
(2.29) |
19.97
(2.45) |
19.00
(2.39) |
18.59
(2.99) |
25.16
(4.96) |
18.09
(1.99) |
28.63
(3.57) |
24.54
(2.65) |
34.48
(4.25) |
33.85
(4.12) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
67.43
(2.99) |
40.61
(7.16) |
51.77
(7.65) |
60.73
(10.55) |
34.48
(5.16) |
33.86
(5.51) |
41.42
(5.84) |
31.66
(4.43) |
26.91
(3.08) |
48.66
(8.80) |
35.77
(3.90) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
21.48
(1.02) |
11.76
(2.14) |
11.87
(1.85) |
10.20
(1.50) |
14.99
(2.59) |
21.18
(6.34) |
11.53
(1.35) |
20.84
(2.81) |
21.62
(3.02) |
23.33
(3.23) |
25.77
(3.91) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
64.71
(2.99) |
34.70
(6.49) |
43.29
(7.66) |
47.00
(6.19) |
42.18
(10.70) |
33.53
(6.30) |
42.32
(7.54) |
53.83
(8.00) |
51.59
(5.74) |
52.28
(8.01) |
56.36
(8.55) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
49.78
(4.73) |
21.53
(9.63) |
20.10
(8.13) |
63.27*
(28.96) |
33.03*
(14.38) |
123.06*
(72.50) |
27.92*
(12.38) |
48.83
(12.18) |
46.20
(12.66) |
46.20
(8.83) |
53.47
(10.16) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
66.83
(2.29) |
28.22
(3.86) |
38.45
(4.57) |
40.16
(4.50) |
38.35
(5.99) |
51.89
(10.73) |
40.25
(3.86) |
50.62
(5.91) |
54.48
(6.10) |
54.84
(5.07) |
62.61
(7.15) |
| 21-64 |
17.21
(0.99) |
11.92
(2.22) |
8.67
(1.00) |
11.03
(1.79) |
12.26
(2.35) |
18.01
(8.53) |
8.17
(1.08) |
16.17
(2.45) |
14.85
(2.00) |
18.02
(3.21) |
17.31
(2.93) |
| > 64 |
10.86
(1.17) |
5.07
(1.90) |
8.96
(4.98) |
3.01
(1.00) |
6.40
(2.31) |
3.12
(0.98) |
3.56
(1.16) |
11.71
(3.95) |
6.73
(1.71) |
21.41
(6.79) |
17.52
(7.87) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
173.28
(5.39) |
130.72
(19.15) |
176.72
(19.02) |
146.24
(18.84) |
128.97
(20.92) |
101.08
(19.34) |
114.54
(11.92) |
149.91
(16.28) |
169.66
(24.49) |
196.68
(25.89) |
183.58
(24.53) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
78.47
(3.30) |
21.15
(5.26) |
19.36
(2.75) |
47.61
(8.55) |
55.63
(11.48) |
97.15*
(39.37) |
45.29
(4.97) |
68.77
(8.83) |
70.43
(8.35) |
67.47
(7.12) |
75.23
(12.44) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
18.50
(1.15) |
4.18
(1.70) |
2.32
(0.65) |
4.77
(1.13) |
9.28
(3.31) |
21.50
(9.36) |
8.97
(1.79) |
13.99
(2.60) |
10.89
(1.72) |
16.44
(3.44) |
18.91
(4.50) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.36
(0.23) |
0.89
(0.41) |
1.08
(0.56) |
0.57
(0.16) |
0.96
(0.37) |
1.54
(0.61) |
1.47
(0.43) |
4.24
(2.09) |
1.81
(0.53) |
1.47
(0.55) |
2.56
(0.77) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
3.64
(0.37) |
1.44
(0.61) |
1.90
(0.56) |
2.21
(0.61) |
2.09
(0.62) |
10.39
(6.28) |
2.24
(0.46) |
2.69
(0.66) |
2.68
(0.59) |
3.19
(0.63) |
2.21
(0.48) |
| Only public |
281.23
(6.65) |
211.25
(23.79) |
239.71
(19.81) |
231.84
(20.60) |
268.03
(32.03) |
262.20
(36.10) |
209.11
(15.69) |
285.81
(26.23) |
259.98
(21.52) |
286.26
(24.99) |
292.93
(25.94) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
25.12
(0.97) |
9.14
(1.49) |
12.38
(1.67) |
13.57
(1.72) |
16.85
(2.75) |
24.95
(6.32) |
14.43
(1.38) |
19.48
(2.31) |
19.78
(2.36) |
21.86
(2.50) |
20.87
(2.23) |
| Not employed |
52.68
(2.36) |
41.35
(6.52) |
37.08
(5.08) |
38.42
(6.14) |
28.31
(4.48) |
33.22
(7.13) |
27.52
(3.69) |
48.83
(6.77) |
47.32
(5.17) |
57.68
(8.26) |
65.84
(10.03) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
105.10
(5.10) |
80.20
(12.04) |
66.71
(8.83) |
87.77
(16.33) |
90.33
(15.75) |
103.01*
(46.21) |
58.53
(6.59) |
81.67
(10.09) |
79.64
(9.69) |
89.21
(10.76) |
100.19
(16.02) |
| 12 yrs |
44.13
(1.87) |
18.25
(3.08) |
26.84
(4.61) |
25.24
(3.97) |
22.19
(4.34) |
28.43
(5.78) |
21.79
(2.70) |
29.91
(3.77) |
36.34
(6.83) |
41.53
(6.35) |
51.31
(8.34) |
| > 12 yrs |
16.74
(0.72) |
4.43
(1.32) |
6.35
(0.98) |
6.48
(1.12) |
6.07
(1.83) |
13.24
(4.80) |
7.83
(1.23) |
14.41
(2.85) |
12.79
(1.70) |
15.86
(2.37) |
11.50
(1.33) |
Table 18. Mean Public Expense Per Person In 2015 Dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
31.15
(3.02) |
30.36
(2.79) |
33.19
(3.24) |
35.90
(3.45) |
41.10
(3.80) |
38.65
(2.94) |
37.26
(3.63) |
39.33
(2.67) |
44.84
(2.75) |
58.31
(3.90) |
| Sex |
| Male |
28.36
(4.36) |
25.89
(3.20) |
30.68
(3.64) |
33.04
(3.94) |
45.13
(6.06) |
33.74
(3.29) |
31.01
(2.88) |
39.41
(3.89) |
41.00
(3.12) |
55.44
(5.22) |
| Female |
33.47
(3.60) |
33.98
(4.22) |
35.23
(4.32) |
38.25
(4.45) |
37.78
(4.23) |
42.69
(3.83) |
42.43
(5.94) |
39.27
(3.47) |
48.06
(3.79) |
60.72
(4.68) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
52.62
(5.72) |
59.86
(5.62) |
61.01
(13.64) |
68.32
(8.98) |
114.12
(13.90) |
102.66
(9.76) |
75.85
(6.57) |
77.50
(5.21) |
106.27
(8.42) |
110.88
(8.33) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
22.80
(3.41) |
19.56
(2.25) |
26.37
(3.57) |
26.41
(3.82) |
22.15
(3.51) |
21.50
(2.76) |
26.73
(4.59) |
26.80
(3.26) |
25.27
(2.79) |
38.74
(4.03) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
76.17
(12.30) |
58.25
(9.05) |
49.21
(5.43) |
67.83
(8.58) |
95.68
(14.66) |
92.91
(14.03) |
72.23
(6.74) |
75.36
(8.62) |
95.14
(8.96) |
117.91
(10.10) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
38.34
(7.42) |
73.76*
(33.49) |
45.10
(15.01) |
48.84
(10.97) |
49.24
(8.93) |
36.65
(7.12) |
33.12
(7.03) |
47.12
(7.08) |
58.97
(8.68) |
69.52
(19.20) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
62.71
(6.11) |
72.51
(8.40) |
74.50
(9.19) |
81.15
(9.38) |
102.00
(10.45) |
92.84
(7.91) |
77.04
(6.08) |
91.47
(7.39) |
92.60
(5.66) |
104.79
(8.36) |
| 21-64 |
18.18
(3.58) |
13.49
(1.91) |
17.42
(3.59) |
16.24
(2.31) |
14.66
(2.36) |
16.48
(2.38) |
22.34
(5.74) |
16.94
(2.53) |
25.37
(2.63) |
45.06
(5.07) |
| > 64 |
13.03
(3.53) |
6.43
(2.02) |
9.47
(3.53) |
16.74
(4.97) |
13.15
(5.58) |
10.50
(4.02) |
8.39
(2.17) |
10.21
(2.24) |
16.86
(5.62) |
15.86
(3.52) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
188.27
(27.44) |
153.35
(14.94) |
158.98
(21.62) |
150.67
(13.45) |
191.77
(19.64) |
181.11
(12.75) |
177.00
(16.17) |
198.36
(20.25) |
216.97
(14.57) |
273.01
(28.25) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
91.04
(13.34) |
79.64
(9.54) |
92.98
(11.10) |
100.28
(12.97) |
102.03
(13.45) |
89.16
(10.65) |
88.46
(14.13) |
81.48
(6.57) |
102.15
(7.77) |
139.48
(12.70) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
16.40
(3.05) |
25.87
(7.41) |
23.14
(4.80) |
26.55
(6.59) |
21.87
(4.47) |
25.21
(4.32) |
23.23
(6.87) |
24.65
(4.31) |
28.51
(3.79) |
44.96
(6.79) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.06
(0.62) |
1.40
(0.49) |
1.66
(0.53) |
2.72
(0.81) |
4.52
(2.68) |
2.50
(1.25) |
2.38
(0.77) |
2.73
(0.70) |
3.16
(0.64) |
6.25
(1.27) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.02
(0.39) |
2.98
(0.62) |
3.23
(0.64) |
3.64
(0.75) |
3.41
(0.61) |
3.01
(0.59) |
4.10
(0.93) |
4.19
(0.73) |
6.32
(1.37) |
8.41
(1.23) |
| Only public |
298.58
(26.60) |
272.73
(24.61) |
300.50
(27.33) |
301.20
(25.21) |
320.22
(26.02) |
292.45
(19.31) |
267.47
(24.11) |
263.12
(16.01) |
275.46
(11.56) |
353.45
(22.08) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
24.57
(2.95) |
26.50
(3.11) |
26.81
(3.54) |
29.03
(3.69) |
33.35
(3.71) |
30.24
(2.31) |
31.56
(3.74) |
33.75
(3.25) |
35.52
(2.58) |
52.19
(3.91) |
| Not employed |
54.70
(7.55) |
43.82
(6.20) |
54.52
(7.34) |
57.38
(7.05) |
66.20
(9.78) |
64.28
(8.37) |
53.31
(8.86) |
55.79
(5.61) |
73.01
(6.64) |
77.54
(8.92) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
119.59
(15.61) |
90.28
(11.40) |
91.80
(13.07) |
120.51
(17.85) |
142.24
(16.48) |
150.87
(14.32) |
122.43
(13.64) |
128.25
(13.38) |
145.18
(12.50) |
214.87
(35.88) |
| 12 yrs |
42.26
(5.13) |
42.98
(8.34) |
55.26
(8.61) |
61.66
(9.35) |
58.35
(8.68) |
49.56
(4.19) |
64.05
(10.53) |
63.87
(6.04) |
76.37
(7.92) |
92.02
(9.24) |
| > 12 yrs |
14.91
(3.05) |
17.08
(2.41) |
17.21
(3.03) |
16.01
(2.05) |
24.55
(3.69) |
24.30
(2.98) |
21.04
(3.18) |
23.94
(2.66) |
27.35
(2.32) |
33.32
(2.90) |
* Relative standard error is greater than 30 percent.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 19. Mean other expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
24.47
(0.67) |
12.00
(1.72) |
17.19
(1.60) |
15.20
(1.75) |
17.55
(1.50) |
22.16
(1.91) |
25.94
(2.14) |
26.48
(1.77) |
26.37
(2.32) |
27.73
(2.48) |
23.09
(3.13) |
| Sex |
| Male |
26.24
(1.02) |
13.19
(2.55) |
17.47
(1.93) |
17.60
(3.02) |
18.22
(1.92) |
24.35
(3.30) |
26.02
(2.50) |
28.69
(2.72) |
25.18
(2.47) |
30.98
(3.97) |
26.06
(6.23) |
| Female |
23.03
(0.75) |
11.01
(2.33) |
16.95
(2.34) |
13.27
(1.73) |
17.01
(1.97) |
20.38
(2.01) |
25.88
(3.10) |
24.69
(2.32) |
27.33
(3.60) |
25.06
(2.84) |
20.64
(2.50) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
29.92
(1.63) |
18.12
(7.62) |
24.79
(7.42) |
14.96
(4.04) |
21.85
(4.28) |
19.20
(4.49) |
29.17
(5.22) |
29.39
(5.91) |
39.65*
(13.43) |
22.78
(4.15) |
23.15
(5.31) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
22.26
(0.75) |
11.21
(1.89) |
15.84
(1.74) |
15.03
(2.09) |
17.73
(1.69) |
22.78
(2.13) |
24.19
(1.87) |
24.00
(1.94) |
24.08
(2.51) |
28.54
(3.18) |
19.61
(3.68) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
31.51
(1.84) |
17.14
(7.37) |
17.56
(3.16) |
15.51
(4.12) |
11.92
(3.62) |
18.95
(3.57) |
18.79
(3.38) |
43.77
(7.53) |
25.65
(3.75) |
24.31
(4.72) |
47.07
(15.84) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
33.53
(3.93) |
6.71
(3.12) |
30.92*
(13.99) |
19.03
(8.88) |
17.79
(7.05) |
21.60*
(12.13) |
67.91*
(32.81) |
32.96
(8.27) |
38.47
(8.25) |
30.04
(7.70) |
32.55
(6.93) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
18.04
(0.82) |
11.82
(3.79) |
16.03
(2.79) |
9.65
(1.56) |
14.53
(2.39) |
13.26
(2.18) |
20.77
(2.74) |
21.45
(2.77) |
22.21
(3.06) |
26.91
(5.35) |
20.44
(5.08) |
| 21-64 |
20.55
(0.76) |
9.40
(1.38) |
14.03
(1.57) |
15.60
(2.31) |
17.38
(2.02) |
22.84
(2.80) |
23.55
(3.12) |
25.61
(2.21) |
26.59
(3.46) |
24.15
(2.36) |
20.48
(4.61) |
| > 64 |
55.23
(2.79) |
25.11
(8.39) |
35.61
(8.56) |
27.34
(6.73) |
25.57
(4.04) |
41.46
(7.47) |
50.49
(7.49) |
42.83
(6.67) |
35.74
(5.63) |
46.22
(8.99) |
40.51
(6.05) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
32.22
(2.11) |
16.55
(4.64) |
20.78
(4.98) |
16.07
(4.56) |
18.37
(5.76) |
34.81*
(10.58) |
28.50
(6.74) |
34.85
(6.21) |
26.65
(7.65) |
22.01
(3.93) |
25.83
(5.60) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
35.58
(1.89) |
8.12
(1.65) |
26.20
(8.11) |
12.78
(3.76) |
19.10
(4.24) |
23.25
(4.96) |
40.21
(12.85) |
22.82
(3.47) |
22.67
(4.14) |
24.25
(4.23) |
38.60*
(10.59) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
25.15
(1.05) |
13.84
(3.44) |
18.18
(2.53) |
13.34
(2.65) |
19.56
(2.44) |
25.09
(3.88) |
30.20
(3.89) |
25.67
(2.97) |
22.80
(2.85) |
26.75
(4.55) |
22.68
(4.15) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
19.80
(0.83) |
10.82
(2.78) |
13.19
(1.62) |
16.85
(2.95) |
15.87
(2.04) |
18.18
(2.56) |
19.42
(1.87) |
26.65
(2.67) |
29.40
(4.05) |
30.14
(3.87) |
18.97
(5.17) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
14.46
(0.57) |
8.79
(1.80) |
12.50
(1.27) |
13.40
(1.99) |
16.81
(1.77) |
17.82
(2.15) |
19.80
(1.91) |
21.08
(2.02) |
21.94
(2.72) |
22.14
(2.45) |
17.47
(4.19) |
| Only public |
25.29
(1.48) |
10.35
(3.78) |
13.50
(2.83) |
8.46
(2.35) |
19.47
(6.32) |
21.90
(7.58) |
47.58
(18.11) |
27.31
(4.03) |
27.87
(7.21) |
21.47
(6.03) |
23.22
(5.04) |
| Neither |
56.80
(2.31) |
21.33
(4.87) |
31.66
(5.46) |
22.85
(4.06) |
19.23
(2.86) |
35.24
(5.62) |
38.00
(4.23) |
43.79
(5.33) |
39.88
(5.59) |
50.20
(8.11) |
42.80
(4.56) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
18.53
(0.58) |
10.66
(1.77) |
15.42
(1.83) |
12.16
(1.55) |
15.89
(1.57) |
19.44
(2.06) |
19.47
(1.57) |
23.48
(1.93) |
22.20
(1.89) |
23.74
(2.54) |
20.32
(3.89) |
| Not employed |
44.75
(1.87) |
16.93
(4.76) |
23.83
(3.15) |
26.75
(5.35) |
24.06
(3.34) |
32.89
(4.92) |
50.58
(7.92) |
37.31
(4.14) |
41.21
(7.73) |
42.18
(6.01) |
32.56
(4.23) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
30.37
(1.63) |
17.06
(5.85) |
28.35
(9.85) |
18.73
(4.94) |
24.29
(5.71) |
20.60
(3.83) |
26.39
(4.78) |
27.75
(3.90) |
21.45
(3.72) |
37.64
(8.11) |
25.94
(6.49) |
| 12 yrs |
27.29
(1.19) |
9.63
(1.74) |
18.39
(2.88) |
11.65
(2.47) |
19.13
(2.98) |
25.29
(3.64) |
30.68
(3.83) |
24.89
(3.14) |
23.52
(3.60) |
25.90
(4.25) |
29.56
(5.33) |
| > 12 yrs |
22.62
(0.79) |
12.34
(2.57) |
15.06
(1.56) |
16.23
(2.31) |
15.59
(1.53) |
21.01
(2.49) |
23.63
(3.05) |
27.12
(2.43) |
28.43
(3.34) |
27.12
(3.23) |
19.86
(4.31) |
Table 19. Mean other expense per person in dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
21.97
(2.03) |
26.65
(2.49) |
28.04
(3.38) |
29.70
(3.00) |
26.77
(2.06) |
28.42
(2.63) |
26.94
(2.38) |
25.13
(2.55) |
26.73
(2.00) |
31.10
(3.63) |
| Sex |
| Male |
21.32
(2.50) |
29.78
(3.80) |
25.22
(3.97) |
32.07
(4.39) |
30.19
(3.15) |
30.82
(4.12) |
28.17
(4.02) |
27.57
(4.34) |
26.53
(2.84) |
40.02
(7.01) |
| Female |
22.52
(2.98) |
24.12
(3.26) |
30.32
(4.91) |
27.75
(3.41) |
23.96
(2.48) |
26.45
(3.32) |
25.92
(2.52) |
23.11
(2.71) |
26.89
(2.62) |
23.63
(2.38) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
22.18
(4.72) |
25.55
(5.16) |
28.26
(4.86) |
49.28
(12.37) |
38.73
(6.79) |
44.22
(6.72) |
35.79
(5.59) |
30.38
(4.58) |
27.63
(4.75) |
29.64
(4.83) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
21.06
(2.49) |
25.36
(2.90) |
23.94
(3.17) |
24.95
(3.47) |
24.17
(2.42) |
24.92
(3.43) |
23.52
(2.75) |
22.64
(3.37) |
23.61
(2.42) |
27.56
(4.04) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
25.86
(5.96) |
40.92
(12.31) |
44.04
(8.99) |
43.50
(9.55) |
34.33
(6.86) |
30.71
(4.67) |
38.91
(6.60) |
42.38
(8.27) |
36.70
(7.22) |
36.94
(7.85) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
27.49
(8.08) |
24.39
(6.76) |
53.37*
(33.90) |
33.63
(9.11) |
24.43
(6.15) |
34.46*
(11.28) |
31.34
(7.97) |
18.82
(4.08) |
40.14
(11.83) |
54.42*
(23.07) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
15.82
(2.56) |
21.88
(4.58) |
16.51
(2.79) |
30.20
(5.81) |
21.56
(3.14) |
27.48
(5.11) |
16.12
(2.27) |
11.19
(1.65) |
9.31
(1.23) |
13.20
(3.11) |
| 21-64 |
18.86
(2.75) |
20.10
(2.75) |
23.66
(5.06) |
18.19
(2.28) |
22.09
(2.73) |
16.82
(2.25) |
25.18
(3.69) |
21.16
(3.59) |
20.87
(2.35) |
22.77
(4.58) |
| > 64 |
50.38
(6.78) |
65.87
(11.15) |
71.52
(10.24) |
75.42
(12.02) |
56.68
(7.07) |
71.87
(12.24) |
54.96
(7.26) |
66.17
(10.85) |
78.02
(8.48) |
89.65
(12.20) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
20.14
(3.41) |
20.33
(3.87) |
50.55
(16.93) |
41.66
(9.26) |
33.11
(5.97) |
33.67
(7.45) |
59.92
(14.24) |
39.08
(8.03) |
37.58
(9.35) |
42.28
(15.49) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
33.33
(6.02) |
54.62
(9.89) |
40.76
(7.95) |
40.58
(6.27) |
37.73
(5.73) |
66.21
(13.62) |
54.54
(6.99) |
43.54
(9.78) |
39.77
(6.08) |
43.42
(6.53) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
21.06
(4.07) |
25.18
(4.80) |
25.05
(4.01) |
31.40
(4.89) |
31.17
(4.21) |
32.60
(5.31) |
23.24
(3.00) |
29.97
(6.47) |
27.21
(4.58) |
39.29
(7.89) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
20.06
(2.87) |
21.69
(3.42) |
22.58
(5.49) |
23.49
(4.34) |
19.79
(2.79) |
13.53
(2.15) |
14.59
(1.80) |
13.83
(1.80) |
20.79
(2.54) |
21.66
(4.28) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
14.40
(2.37) |
14.76
(2.89) |
13.02
(3.56) |
16.36
(2.79) |
11.40
(1.74) |
10.77
(2.08) |
8.68
(1.39) |
8.54
(1.23) |
9.36
(1.40) |
9.92
(2.21) |
| Only public |
18.34
(2.68) |
21.81
(3.85) |
17.86
(3.24) |
24.78
(4.48) |
28.72
(5.38) |
51.17
(11.00) |
23.56
(4.05) |
29.87
(6.08) |
28.26
(5.72) |
21.07
(3.59) |
| Neither |
49.99
(5.70) |
67.58
(7.34) |
81.93
(10.29) |
77.97
(9.39) |
77.09
(7.94) |
72.47
(9.13) |
87.30
(9.94) |
78.40
(11.98) |
92.88
(9.79) |
121.37
(18.52) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
18.47
(2.17) |
20.08
(2.67) |
19.26
(3.58) |
22.32
(3.02) |
18.64
(1.85) |
22.09
(2.86) |
18.27
(2.39) |
16.39
(1.68) |
17.48
(1.68) |
13.71
(1.90) |
| Not employed |
34.52
(4.35) |
49.62
(6.97) |
57.98
(8.65) |
52.74
(7.02) |
53.04
(6.24) |
47.71
(5.71) |
51.95
(5.80) |
50.88
(8.89) |
54.65
(6.08) |
85.77
(12.51) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
30.53
(7.26) |
36.06
(7.32) |
26.76
(5.06) |
39.65
(6.19) |
37.03
(9.43) |
44.39
(11.76) |
45.28
(7.64) |
42.54
(9.02) |
33.48
(6.11) |
34.52
(5.73) |
| 12 yrs |
21.89
(2.82) |
24.69
(4.00) |
28.83
(4.00) |
37.75
(5.33) |
34.00
(5.23) |
35.66
(5.08) |
32.38
(4.50) |
35.70
(5.05) |
35.14
(5.27) |
50.39
(12.50) |
| > 12 yrs |
20.88
(2.67) |
26.28
(3.53) |
27.83
(4.82) |
25.72
(3.66) |
23.52
(2.28) |
24.74
(3.29) |
22.89
(2.68) |
20.65
(3.01) |
24.01
(2.38) |
24.97
(3.26) |
* Relative standard error is greater than 30 percent.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 20. Mean other expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
28.97
(0.77) |
18.12
(2.60) |
25.38
(2.37) |
22.11
(2.55) |
24.97
(2.13) |
30.50
(2.63) |
34.72
(2.87) |
34.89
(2.34) |
33.97
(2.99) |
34.79
(3.12) |
28.02
(3.80) |
| Sex |
| Male |
30.99
(1.16) |
19.92
(3.85) |
25.80
(2.85) |
25.59
(4.39) |
25.92
(2.74) |
33.52
(4.55) |
34.82
(3.35) |
37.80
(3.58) |
32.44
(3.19) |
38.88
(4.98) |
31.62
(7.57) |
| Female |
27.32
(0.86) |
16.64
(3.52) |
25.04
(3.46) |
19.29
(2.52) |
24.20
(2.80) |
28.05
(2.76) |
34.64
(4.14) |
32.53
(3.05) |
35.21
(4.63) |
31.45
(3.57) |
25.04
(3.03) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
34.50
(1.87) |
27.37*
(11.51) |
36.60*
(10.96) |
21.75
(5.87) |
31.09
(6.09) |
26.43
(6.17) |
39.04
(6.98) |
38.72
(7.79) |
51.08
(17.30) |
28.59
(5.20) |
28.09
(6.45) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
26.65
(0.87) |
16.93
(2.86) |
23.39
(2.57) |
21.85
(3.04) |
25.23
(2.40) |
31.35
(2.93) |
32.37
(2.50) |
31.62
(2.56) |
31.01
(3.24) |
35.81
(3.99) |
23.79
(4.47) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
36.58
(2.10) |
25.90*
(11.14) |
25.93
(4.67) |
22.55
(5.99) |
16.95
(5.15) |
26.09
(4.91) |
25.15
(4.53) |
57.67
(9.92) |
33.03
(4.83) |
30.50
(5.92) |
57.12
(19.23) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
38.52
(4.31) |
10.14
(4.71) |
45.66*
(20.66) |
27.68*
(12.92) |
25.32*
(10.02) |
29.73*
(16.69) |
90.89*
(43.91) |
43.42
(10.90) |
49.56
(10.63) |
37.69
(9.66) |
39.50
(8.41) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
21.69
(0.99) |
17.85
(5.73) |
23.67
(4.12) |
14.03
(2.27) |
20.67
(3.40) |
18.25
(3.01) |
27.80
(3.66) |
28.26
(3.65) |
28.61
(3.95) |
33.76
(6.71) |
24.81
(6.17) |
| 21-64 |
24.69
(0.89) |
14.20
(2.09) |
20.72
(2.32) |
22.68
(3.36) |
24.73
(2.87) |
31.44
(3.85) |
31.52
(4.17) |
33.75
(2.91) |
34.25
(4.46) |
30.30
(2.96) |
24.85
(5.59) |
| > 64 |
63.15
(3.07) |
37.94*
(12.67) |
52.59
(12.64) |
39.76
(9.78) |
36.38
(5.75) |
57.07
(10.28) |
67.58
(10.02) |
56.42
(8.78) |
46.04
(7.25) |
57.99
(11.28) |
49.16
(7.35) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
37.17
(2.33) |
25.00
(7.00) |
30.68
(7.36) |
23.37
(6.63) |
26.13
(8.20) |
47.91
(14.56) |
38.14
(9.02) |
45.91
(8.19) |
34.33
(9.86) |
27.61
(4.93) |
31.35
(6.79) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
40.95
(2.15) |
12.27
(2.49) |
38.69*
(11.98) |
18.59
(5.46) |
27.17
(6.03) |
32.00
(6.82) |
53.81
(17.20) |
30.07
(4.57) |
29.20
(5.34) |
30.43
(5.31) |
46.85
(12.85) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
29.91
(1.21) |
20.91
(5.19) |
26.84
(3.74) |
19.39
(3.86) |
27.83
(3.48) |
34.53
(5.34) |
40.42
(5.20) |
33.82
(3.92) |
29.37
(3.67) |
33.56
(5.71) |
27.52
(5.03) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
23.83
(1.00) |
16.35
(4.20) |
19.47
(2.39) |
24.50
(4.28) |
22.58
(2.90) |
25.03
(3.52) |
25.98
(2.50) |
35.11
(3.52) |
37.87
(5.22) |
37.82
(4.85) |
23.02
(6.27) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
17.85
(0.70) |
13.27
(2.72) |
18.45
(1.87) |
19.48
(2.89) |
23.91
(2.52) |
24.53
(2.96) |
26.50
(2.56) |
27.77
(2.66) |
28.26
(3.50) |
27.77
(3.07) |
21.20
(5.09) |
| Only public |
29.05
(1.74) |
15.63
(5.70) |
19.93
(4.18) |
12.30
(3.42) |
27.70
(8.99) |
30.15*
(10.43) |
63.68*
(24.24) |
35.99
(5.31) |
35.90
(9.29) |
26.94
(7.57) |
28.19
(6.12) |
| Neither |
65.31
(2.51) |
32.22
(7.36) |
46.75
(8.06) |
33.22
(5.91) |
27.36
(4.07) |
48.50
(7.73) |
50.86
(5.66) |
57.69
(7.02) |
51.37
(7.19) |
62.99
(10.18) |
51.94
(5.53) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
22.33
(0.69) |
16.10
(2.68) |
22.77
(2.71) |
17.69
(2.25) |
22.60
(2.23) |
26.76
(2.84) |
26.06
(2.10) |
30.93
(2.55) |
28.59
(2.44) |
29.78
(3.19) |
24.66
(4.73) |
| Not employed |
51.63
(2.07) |
25.57
(7.19) |
35.20
(4.65) |
38.89
(7.78) |
34.23
(4.76) |
45.27
(6.77) |
67.69
(10.60) |
49.16
(5.45) |
53.09
(9.96) |
52.92
(7.54) |
39.52
(5.14) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
36.29
(1.96) |
25.77
(8.83) |
41.86
(14.54) |
27.24
(7.18) |
34.56
(8.13) |
28.35
(5.28) |
35.32
(6.40) |
36.56
(5.14) |
27.64
(4.79) |
47.23
(10.18) |
31.48
(7.87) |
| 12 yrs |
32.30
(1.34) |
14.54
(2.62) |
27.16
(4.25) |
16.94
(3.60) |
27.22
(4.24) |
34.81
(5.01) |
41.06
(5.12) |
32.79
(4.13) |
30.29
(4.64) |
32.50
(5.34) |
35.87
(6.47) |
| > 12 yrs |
26.75
(0.92) |
18.64
(3.88) |
22.23
(2.30) |
23.60
(3.36) |
22.17
(2.18) |
28.91
(3.43) |
31.62
(4.08) |
35.73
(3.21) |
36.62
(4.30) |
34.03
(4.05) |
24.10
(5.22) |
Table 20. Mean other expense per person in 2015 dollars; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
25.83
(2.38) |
30.47
(2.84) |
30.87
(3.72) |
32.81
(3.31) |
29.10
(2.24) |
29.95
(2.77) |
27.81
(2.46) |
25.57
(2.59) |
26.76
(2.01) |
31.10
(3.63) |
| Sex |
| Male |
25.07
(2.94) |
34.04
(4.34) |
27.77
(4.37) |
35.43
(4.85) |
32.82
(3.42) |
32.48
(4.35) |
29.08
(4.15) |
28.05
(4.41) |
26.56
(2.85) |
40.02
(7.01) |
| Female |
26.47
(3.50) |
27.57
(3.73) |
33.38
(5.41) |
30.65
(3.76) |
26.04
(2.69) |
27.87
(3.50) |
26.75
(2.60) |
23.51
(2.76) |
26.92
(2.63) |
23.63
(2.38) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
26.07
(5.55) |
29.21
(5.90) |
31.11
(5.35) |
54.44
(13.66) |
42.10
(7.38) |
46.60
(7.09) |
36.94
(5.77) |
30.91
(4.66) |
27.67
(4.75) |
29.64
(4.83) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
24.75
(2.93) |
28.99
(3.32) |
26.36
(3.49) |
27.56
(3.83) |
26.28
(2.63) |
26.26
(3.62) |
24.28
(2.84) |
23.03
(3.43) |
23.64
(2.42) |
27.56
(4.04) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
30.41
(7.01) |
46.78
(14.07) |
48.49
(9.90) |
48.06
(10.56) |
37.31
(7.45) |
32.36
(4.92) |
40.17
(6.82) |
43.12
(8.41) |
36.74
(7.23) |
36.94
(7.85) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
32.32
(9.50) |
27.88
(7.72) |
58.75*
(37.32) |
37.16*
(10.06) |
26.56
(6.68) |
36.31*
(11.88) |
32.35
(8.23) |
19.15
(4.15) |
40.19
(11.85) |
54.42*
(23.07) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
18.60
(3.01) |
25.01
(5.23) |
18.17
(3.08) |
33.36
(6.42) |
23.43
(3.41) |
28.96
(5.38) |
16.64
(2.34) |
11.39
(1.67) |
9.32
(1.23) |
13.20
(3.11) |
| 21-64 |
22.18
(3.23) |
22.97
(3.15) |
26.05
(5.57) |
20.09
(2.52) |
24.02
(2.97) |
17.72
(2.37) |
26.00
(3.81) |
21.53
(3.65) |
20.90
(2.35) |
22.77
(4.58) |
| > 64 |
59.23
(7.97) |
75.30
(12.74) |
78.73
(11.28) |
83.32
(13.28) |
61.61
(7.68) |
75.73
(12.90) |
56.73
(7.49) |
67.32
(11.04) |
78.11
(8.49) |
89.65
(12.20) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
23.68
(4.01) |
23.24
(4.43) |
55.65
(18.64) |
46.02
(10.23) |
35.99
(6.49) |
35.48
(7.85) |
61.86
(14.70) |
39.76
(8.17) |
37.63
(9.36) |
42.28
(15.49) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
39.19
(7.08) |
62.44
(11.31) |
44.88
(8.76) |
44.84
(6.93) |
41.02
(6.23) |
69.76
(14.36) |
56.31
(7.22) |
44.30
(9.95) |
39.82
(6.09) |
43.42
(6.53) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
24.77
(4.79) |
28.78
(5.49) |
27.57
(4.42) |
34.69
(5.40) |
33.88
(4.58) |
34.36
(5.59) |
23.99
(3.09) |
30.50
(6.58) |
27.25
(4.58) |
39.29
(7.89) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
23.59
(3.37) |
24.80
(3.91) |
24.86
(6.04) |
25.95
(4.80) |
21.51
(3.03) |
14.26
(2.27) |
15.07
(1.86) |
14.07
(1.83) |
20.81
(2.54) |
21.66
(4.28) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
16.93
(2.79) |
16.87
(3.31) |
14.34
(3.91) |
18.07
(3.08) |
12.39
(1.90) |
11.34
(2.19) |
8.96
(1.44) |
8.69
(1.25) |
9.37
(1.41) |
9.92
(2.21) |
| Only public |
21.56
(3.15) |
24.93
(4.40) |
19.66
(3.56) |
27.37
(4.95) |
31.22
(5.85) |
53.92
(11.59) |
24.33
(4.18) |
30.39
(6.18) |
28.30
(5.73) |
21.07
(3.59) |
| Neither |
58.77
(6.71) |
77.26
(8.39) |
90.19
(11.33) |
86.14
(10.38) |
83.80
(8.63) |
76.36
(9.62) |
90.12
(10.26) |
79.77
(12.19) |
92.99
(9.80) |
121.37
(18.52) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
21.71
(2.56) |
22.95
(3.05) |
21.21
(3.94) |
24.66
(3.34) |
20.26
(2.01) |
23.27
(3.01) |
18.86
(2.46) |
16.68
(1.71) |
17.50
(1.69) |
13.71
(1.90) |
| Not employed |
40.59
(5.12) |
56.72
(7.97) |
63.83
(9.53) |
58.26
(7.76) |
57.66
(6.79) |
50.27
(6.02) |
53.62
(5.98) |
51.77
(9.04) |
54.72
(6.09) |
85.77
(12.51) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
35.89
(8.54) |
41.22
(8.37) |
29.46
(5.57) |
43.80
(6.84) |
40.25
(10.25) |
46.78
(12.39) |
46.75
(7.89) |
43.28
(9.17) |
33.52
(6.11) |
34.52
(5.73) |
| 12 yrs |
25.74
(3.31) |
28.23
(4.58) |
31.73
(4.40) |
41.70
(5.89) |
36.96
(5.68) |
37.58
(5.35) |
33.43
(4.64) |
36.32
(5.14) |
35.18
(5.28) |
50.39
(12.50) |
| > 12 yrs |
24.55
(3.14) |
30.04
(4.04) |
30.64
(5.31) |
28.41
(4.04) |
25.57
(2.48) |
26.07
(3.47) |
23.63
(2.77) |
21.01
(3.06) |
24.04
(2.38) |
24.97
(3.26) |
* Relative standard error is greater than 30 percent.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 21. Percent total expense paid out-of-pocket; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
48.16
(0.38) |
51.48
(1.08) |
51.11
(1.02) |
51.68
(1.21) |
50.18
(1.21) |
49.34
(1.31) |
49.84
(0.91) |
49.47
(0.95) |
48.15
(0.94) |
48.02
(0.88) |
49.16
(0.94) |
| Sex |
| Male |
47.24
(0.46) |
50.64
(1.36) |
52.66
(1.79) |
50.34
(1.76) |
49.65
(1.73) |
49.76
(1.36) |
49.32
(1.24) |
48.63
(1.32) |
47.14
(1.35) |
48.20
(1.23) |
45.88
(1.21) |
| Female |
48.87
(0.42) |
52.14
(1.48) |
49.93
(1.06) |
52.71
(1.43) |
50.59
(1.33) |
49.03
(1.79) |
50.21
(1.21) |
50.14
(1.13) |
48.98
(1.17) |
47.87
(1.07) |
51.67
(1.16) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
43.58
(0.71) |
45.54
(2.81) |
43.45
(2.51) |
47.71
(3.46) |
48.75
(2.85) |
51.72
(3.31) |
47.49
(2.09) |
46.60
(2.46) |
42.59
(2.78) |
45.27
(2.89) |
52.17
(3.01) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
50.28
(0.41) |
52.31
(1.17) |
52.40
(1.16) |
52.99
(1.38) |
51.67
(1.31) |
50.56
(1.36) |
51.80
(1.00) |
51.06
(1.07) |
50.19
(1.11) |
49.08
(0.98) |
50.60
(1.06) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
36.12
(0.69) |
46.61
(3.62) |
45.68
(3.79) |
44.93
(3.20) |
36.55
(3.39) |
40.26
(4.10) |
33.95
(2.06) |
34.30
(2.33) |
32.22
(2.19) |
42.29
(2.70) |
37.51
(2.29) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
41.04
(0.96) |
51.08
(5.69) |
44.34
(3.40) |
37.79
(4.61) |
40.87
(5.38) |
30.58
(4.29) |
37.72
(3.43) |
44.40
(3.11) |
41.57
(2.94) |
42.54
(2.90) |
41.51
(3.05) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
41.21
(0.49) |
47.28
(2.00) |
46.52
(1.70) |
42.10
(2.07) |
44.68
(2.06) |
43.27
(2.74) |
45.32
(1.78) |
45.55
(1.83) |
39.37
(1.56) |
42.96
(1.64) |
41.01
(1.61) |
| 21-64 |
45.18
(0.39) |
47.88
(1.20) |
49.03
(1.49) |
49.96
(1.29) |
46.88
(1.31) |
46.37
(1.38) |
46.66
(1.09) |
45.62
(1.12) |
46.71
(1.13) |
45.75
(1.16) |
45.87
(1.13) |
| > 64 |
70.51
(0.73) |
75.11
(2.28) |
70.29
(2.27) |
79.10
(2.35) |
76.15
(2.41) |
76.71
(2.27) |
74.53
(1.93) |
74.56
(1.97) |
73.65
(2.38) |
68.21
(2.61) |
75.92
(1.77) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
39.79
(1.05) |
45.40
(4.55) |
40.85
(4.06) |
50.80
(5.29) |
45.28
(3.82) |
44.10
(4.09) |
50.31
(4.49) |
45.79
(5.72) |
44.77
(4.21) |
39.29
(3.13) |
45.04
(4.18) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
50.61
(0.70) |
57.95
(2.43) |
56.40
(2.42) |
61.33
(3.56) |
55.35
(2.89) |
51.81
(4.64) |
50.92
(2.22) |
54.68
(2.17) |
49.77
(2.73) |
50.73
(2.39) |
55.79
(2.73) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
48.41
(0.51) |
50.77
(1.64) |
50.69
(1.57) |
53.58
(2.18) |
50.24
(1.94) |
51.14
(2.13) |
49.16
(1.65) |
48.89
(1.52) |
49.35
(1.69) |
46.35
(1.58) |
48.28
(1.74) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
48.51
(0.47) |
51.44
(1.41) |
51.60
(1.60) |
49.03
(1.34) |
49.80
(1.66) |
48.32
(1.81) |
49.96
(1.33) |
49.26
(1.28) |
47.61
(1.24) |
49.29
(1.28) |
48.78
(1.17) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
40.19
(0.31) |
41.61
(1.07) |
41.95
(0.95) |
41.47
(1.02) |
40.95
(1.18) |
40.55
(1.26) |
40.79
(0.91) |
41.41
(1.07) |
40.38
(0.97) |
40.20
(0.98) |
40.97
(0.99) |
| Only public |
23.34
(0.90) |
27.78
(4.67) |
23.81
(4.76) |
22.70
(3.53) |
21.27
(3.52) |
20.33
(3.64) |
29.13
(3.34) |
17.35
(2.08) |
19.73
(2.75) |
24.11
(3.16) |
25.46
(3.13) |
| Neither |
88.76
(0.42) |
93.04
(1.51) |
90.45
(1.64) |
94.02
(0.99) |
94.51
(0.86) |
91.06
(1.29) |
90.92
(1.04) |
90.28
(1.10) |
90.60
(1.28) |
89.75
(1.54) |
91.68
(0.83) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
44.42
(0.37) |
47.46
(1.15) |
48.21
(1.24) |
47.55
(1.26) |
46.41
(1.24) |
45.42
(1.43) |
46.72
(1.04) |
46.17
(1.07) |
44.35
(1.03) |
45.40
(1.00) |
44.70
(0.94) |
| Not employed |
59.27
(0.66) |
65.06
(2.24) |
62.12
(1.61) |
67.30
(2.12) |
65.35
(2.08) |
64.45
(2.01) |
60.47
(1.67) |
60.87
(1.78) |
60.57
(1.79) |
56.88
(1.86) |
61.77
(1.86) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
47.28
(0.90) |
53.69
(3.53) |
52.69
(3.40) |
57.44
(4.56) |
53.29
(4.39) |
56.32
(5.32) |
53.25
(2.91) |
48.59
(2.82) |
50.88
(2.77) |
48.43
(2.52) |
48.03
(3.20) |
| 12 yrs |
48.88
(0.54) |
51.71
(1.79) |
50.19
(1.51) |
53.35
(2.05) |
49.72
(1.78) |
47.13
(2.32) |
49.22
(1.66) |
50.69
(1.50) |
46.97
(1.69) |
48.24
(1.52) |
47.98
(1.71) |
| > 12 yrs |
48.02
(0.42) |
51.10
(1.29) |
51.32
(1.33) |
50.45
(1.50) |
49.96
(1.51) |
49.19
(1.57) |
49.64
(1.17) |
49.12
(1.20) |
48.32
(1.17) |
47.94
(1.12) |
49.83
(1.11) |
Table 21. Percent total expense paid out-of-pocket; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
49.23
(1.04) |
49.10
(0.90) |
49.65
(1.11) |
48.87
(1.09) |
47.47
(1.16) |
45.99
(1.18) |
48.50
(1.30) |
45.12
(1.05) |
44.59
(0.85) |
44.15
(1.10) |
| Sex |
| Male |
48.50
(1.36) |
47.84
(1.27) |
49.48
(1.64) |
48.63
(1.69) |
44.70
(1.35) |
45.88
(1.62) |
47.85
(1.65) |
43.24
(1.45) |
41.95
(1.19) |
44.40
(1.40) |
| Female |
49.80
(1.28) |
49.99
(1.16) |
49.79
(1.26) |
49.05
(1.24) |
49.63
(1.54) |
46.08
(1.58) |
48.99
(1.59) |
46.66
(1.33) |
46.63
(1.22) |
43.95
(1.38) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
48.69
(4.28) |
49.61
(2.38) |
44.30
(3.35) |
42.12
(2.28) |
42.30
(2.32) |
41.47
(2.27) |
40.74
(2.01) |
39.03
(1.98) |
38.55
(2.04) |
38.66
(1.86) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
51.15
(1.16) |
51.56
(1.02) |
51.42
(1.27) |
51.10
(1.22) |
49.42
(1.38) |
47.55
(1.40) |
51.54
(1.60) |
47.24
(1.22) |
47.93
(0.99) |
48.01
(1.32) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
36.86
(1.92) |
33.02
(3.02) |
40.11
(3.09) |
37.11
(2.54) |
34.16
(2.56) |
37.67
(3.24) |
34.67
(1.94) |
33.61
(1.95) |
27.26
(1.54) |
33.01
(2.29) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
40.12
(3.35) |
38.74
(2.98) |
46.02
(3.50) |
43.73
(2.45) |
44.80
(3.09) |
45.86
(4.46) |
41.34
(2.77) |
43.35
(3.11) |
38.53
(2.59) |
31.44
(2.94) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
43.10
(1.87) |
40.12
(1.63) |
40.86
(2.11) |
39.41
(1.68) |
41.11
(2.98) |
38.23
(1.78) |
40.50
(1.79) |
37.85
(1.88) |
39.24
(1.77) |
35.98
(1.96) |
| 21-64 |
46.18
(1.13) |
47.49
(0.99) |
46.15
(1.23) |
47.56
(1.34) |
43.96
(1.18) |
42.87
(1.18) |
44.42
(1.39) |
41.14
(1.32) |
40.19
(1.22) |
39.87
(1.25) |
| > 64 |
73.29
(1.96) |
70.28
(2.69) |
76.73
(1.60) |
70.08
(2.27) |
69.24
(2.22) |
68.39
(2.61) |
70.72
(2.47) |
66.98
(2.25) |
62.07
(2.15) |
64.19
(2.16) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
45.89
(3.93) |
46.77
(3.97) |
32.94
(3.44) |
38.44
(2.86) |
39.87
(3.43) |
36.07
(3.14) |
38.21
(3.88) |
34.16
(4.58) |
31.38
(2.32) |
30.27
(4.47) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
48.89
(2.39) |
49.40
(2.86) |
51.36
(2.18) |
49.22
(2.59) |
49.18
(2.39) |
45.11
(2.56) |
50.15
(2.74) |
46.21
(2.61) |
51.98
(2.88) |
44.58
(3.09) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
48.13
(1.49) |
46.41
(1.63) |
49.56
(1.81) |
46.47
(1.56) |
47.86
(2.08) |
49.51
(1.97) |
49.13
(2.39) |
46.20
(2.10) |
47.86
(2.08) |
44.16
(2.13) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
50.26
(1.45) |
50.59
(1.13) |
51.07
(1.44) |
51.27
(1.57) |
47.82
(1.80) |
45.39
(1.71) |
49.29
(1.65) |
45.69
(1.36) |
43.15
(1.28) |
45.97
(1.31) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
42.22
(1.02) |
41.65
(0.93) |
41.67
(1.12) |
41.22
(1.01) |
40.83
(1.45) |
37.57
(1.05) |
39.45
(1.09) |
37.56
(1.16) |
37.93
(1.01) |
37.24
(1.00) |
| Only public |
23.50
(3.46) |
27.83
(4.05) |
22.06
(3.83) |
23.34
(3.95) |
20.65
(2.91) |
19.23
(2.17) |
28.65
(3.69) |
23.83
(2.67) |
23.21
(2.38) |
22.96
(3.02) |
| Neither |
89.99
(1.16) |
87.37
(1.40) |
86.92
(1.51) |
87.30
(1.52) |
86.62
(1.33) |
88.48
(1.58) |
86.73
(1.53) |
87.15
(1.76) |
85.58
(1.54) |
83.26
(2.45) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
46.26
(1.14) |
45.30
(0.94) |
44.81
(1.23) |
45.65
(1.11) |
43.55
(1.32) |
41.86
(1.27) |
44.52
(1.28) |
41.28
(1.15) |
40.24
(0.94) |
39.60
(1.09) |
| Not employed |
59.83
(1.70) |
60.36
(1.97) |
62.89
(2.15) |
57.94
(2.03) |
58.40
(1.92) |
57.16
(2.06) |
58.63
(2.26) |
55.08
(2.07) |
55.06
(2.03) |
54.54
(2.26) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
47.18
(2.62) |
45.33
(2.69) |
51.61
(3.24) |
39.77
(2.80) |
37.68
(2.69) |
40.75
(3.23) |
42.60
(2.71) |
44.52
(3.44) |
43.93
(3.49) |
36.42
(3.11) |
| 12 yrs |
49.95
(1.92) |
48.83
(1.66) |
50.19
(1.81) |
50.12
(2.25) |
50.27
(1.69) |
48.28
(1.94) |
49.13
(2.11) |
49.58
(2.04) |
46.42
(2.38) |
42.81
(2.22) |
| > 12 yrs |
49.15
(1.19) |
49.64
(1.09) |
49.35
(1.35) |
49.23
(1.25) |
47.58
(1.46) |
45.73
(1.45) |
48.74
(1.55) |
44.15
(1.19) |
44.22
(0.95) |
45.22
(1.13) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 22. Percent total expense paid by private dental insurance; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
42.73
(0.37) |
42.47
(1.03) |
41.47
(0.98) |
41.68
(1.25) |
42.75
(1.12) |
42.01
(1.31) |
42.27
(0.93) |
41.54
(0.96) |
42.97
(0.96) |
42.82
(0.88) |
42.22
(0.97) |
| Sex |
| Male |
43.35
(0.46) |
42.92
(1.39) |
40.08
(1.63) |
42.30
(1.82) |
42.91
(1.71) |
40.21
(1.65) |
42.47
(1.14) |
42.35
(1.32) |
43.98
(1.35) |
42.83
(1.23) |
45.08
(1.28) |
| Female |
42.25
(0.39) |
42.12
(1.35) |
42.54
(1.05) |
41.19
(1.41) |
42.62
(1.23) |
43.31
(1.81) |
42.12
(1.22) |
40.90
(1.11) |
42.15
(1.13) |
42.82
(1.07) |
40.05
(1.10) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
37.55
(0.79) |
40.27
(2.66) |
41.13
(2.73) |
36.06
(2.80) |
39.45
(2.66) |
35.28
(2.86) |
37.16
(2.26) |
38.64
(2.20) |
42.63
(2.79) |
40.42
(2.91) |
36.64
(2.78) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
42.82
(0.42) |
42.74
(1.14) |
41.73
(1.12) |
42.03
(1.45) |
42.09
(1.27) |
41.90
(1.40) |
41.78
(0.96) |
41.59
(1.08) |
42.38
(1.11) |
43.05
(1.00) |
42.40
(1.14) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
44.43
(0.70) |
40.00
(2.99) |
37.65
(3.23) |
39.61
(3.02) |
51.10
(3.72) |
47.10
(4.69) |
51.56
(2.75) |
42.42
(2.53) |
50.10
(3.00) |
39.72
(1.87) |
43.36
(2.70) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
46.60
(1.03) |
43.89
(5.56) |
42.37
(3.15) |
46.52
(4.90) |
49.52
(5.80) |
46.54
(8.71) |
47.04
(5.98) |
42.99
(3.19) |
44.75
(2.79) |
45.41
(2.80) |
45.55
(3.65) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
44.62
(0.51) |
44.56
(1.99) |
41.87
(1.76) |
48.51
(2.08) |
45.94
(1.91) |
47.01
(2.91) |
44.62
(1.77) |
41.86
(1.55) |
47.47
(1.76) |
44.06
(1.66) |
45.70
(1.63) |
| 21-64 |
48.46
(0.38) |
47.33
(1.15) |
45.99
(1.40) |
44.57
(1.36) |
47.04
(1.25) |
45.59
(1.44) |
47.10
(1.12) |
47.12
(1.17) |
46.12
(1.11) |
47.33
(1.16) |
47.83
(1.22) |
| > 64 |
20.07
(0.60) |
18.39
(1.76) |
20.04
(1.84) |
14.84
(2.04) |
17.62
(2.01) |
14.91
(1.89) |
15.44
(1.22) |
16.24
(1.41) |
19.13
(2.15) |
21.59
(2.46) |
15.97
(1.46) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
16.98
(0.73) |
16.12
(2.97) |
17.40
(2.51) |
11.66
(2.24) |
21.53
(3.11) |
23.20
(4.52) |
16.21
(3.28) |
13.57
(2.02) |
15.04
(2.72) |
18.87
(3.71) |
17.59
(3.10) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
27.69
(0.63) |
34.22
(2.31) |
31.00
(2.13) |
25.63
(2.97) |
27.48
(2.69) |
24.83
(2.96) |
31.71
(2.86) |
25.76
(1.70) |
31.36
(2.47) |
31.26
(2.42) |
24.46
(1.77) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
44.11
(0.51) |
44.91
(1.69) |
43.84
(1.54) |
42.34
(2.24) |
43.63
(1.75) |
40.20
(1.85) |
43.19
(1.53) |
43.75
(1.54) |
44.30
(1.73) |
45.83
(1.68) |
45.20
(1.74) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
48.01
(0.47) |
45.80
(1.42) |
45.30
(1.54) |
47.29
(1.50) |
46.79
(1.60) |
48.02
(1.83) |
46.19
(1.29) |
45.57
(1.31) |
47.17
(1.25) |
45.86
(1.29) |
47.59
(1.32) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
56.98
(0.32) |
56.05
(1.09) |
54.84
(0.97) |
55.27
(1.11) |
55.28
(1.14) |
54.67
(1.27) |
55.20
(0.92) |
54.45
(1.12) |
55.52
(1.02) |
55.77
(0.94) |
55.87
(1.07) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
48.24
(0.36) |
47.98
(1.15) |
45.74
(1.20) |
47.36
(1.29) |
47.31
(1.18) |
46.71
(1.45) |
46.98
(1.03) |
46.29
(1.10) |
48.34
(1.04) |
47.15
(0.97) |
48.34
(1.06) |
| Not employed |
26.38
(0.54) |
23.85
(2.07) |
25.30
(1.39) |
20.14
(1.58) |
24.40
(1.73) |
23.87
(1.94) |
26.19
(1.55) |
25.15
(1.39) |
25.50
(1.49) |
28.16
(1.77) |
24.93
(1.50) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
26.56
(0.70) |
24.05
(2.87) |
24.17
(2.71) |
22.20
(3.44) |
25.36
(3.03) |
21.01
(2.88) |
29.21
(2.65) |
30.44
(3.08) |
28.30
(2.47) |
29.79
(2.43) |
29.72
(2.59) |
| 12 yrs |
38.78
(0.55) |
42.33
(1.81) |
40.02
(1.54) |
38.99
(1.91) |
42.35
(1.65) |
42.21
(2.70) |
41.24
(1.64) |
39.16
(1.50) |
42.74
(1.68) |
40.56
(1.52) |
39.33
(1.56) |
| > 12 yrs |
45.71
(0.42) |
44.97
(1.28) |
43.98
(1.26) |
44.91
(1.63) |
45.56
(1.50) |
44.83
(1.51) |
44.54
(1.20) |
43.95
(1.17) |
44.73
(1.16) |
45.25
(1.14) |
45.08
(1.20) |
Table 22. Percent total expense paid by private dental insurance; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
42.57
(1.01) |
42.39
(0.86) |
41.45
(1.04) |
41.48
(1.01) |
42.63
(1.10) |
44.23
(1.11) |
41.85
(1.30) |
45.58
(0.97) |
44.85
(0.81) |
43.00
(1.03) |
| Sex |
| Male |
43.45
(1.26) |
43.15
(1.18) |
42.26
(1.52) |
41.24
(1.54) |
43.96
(1.32) |
44.60
(1.49) |
42.77
(1.56) |
47.06
(1.47) |
47.64
(1.15) |
41.32
(1.47) |
| Female |
41.90
(1.28) |
41.84
(1.09) |
40.82
(1.21) |
41.66
(1.18) |
41.60
(1.43) |
43.93
(1.58) |
41.15
(1.58) |
44.37
(1.22) |
42.68
(1.19) |
44.31
(1.23) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
35.64
(3.45) |
34.90
(2.40) |
40.35
(3.65) |
35.13
(2.48) |
31.64
(2.18) |
36.44
(2.61) |
37.97
(2.14) |
40.50
(2.15) |
38.06
(2.51) |
37.26
(2.20) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
42.32
(1.15) |
41.85
(1.00) |
41.55
(1.17) |
41.70
(1.15) |
44.18
(1.31) |
45.74
(1.34) |
41.24
(1.59) |
46.03
(1.21) |
45.20
(0.99) |
42.79
(1.30) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
44.51
(2.28) |
51.04
(2.71) |
42.85
(2.87) |
43.76
(2.42) |
39.01
(2.36) |
40.91
(2.79) |
44.46
(2.11) |
45.24
(2.70) |
48.58
(2.12) |
42.49
(2.39) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
50.45
(3.88) |
47.72
(3.15) |
40.39
(3.51) |
44.07
(2.92) |
43.94
(2.83) |
44.96
(3.97) |
50.05
(2.60) |
47.82
(3.02) |
47.13
(2.68) |
51.77
(3.80) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
44.90
(1.75) |
44.72
(1.64) |
45.58
(1.99) |
42.98
(1.81) |
39.74
(2.23) |
43.84
(1.86) |
45.12
(1.91) |
44.51
(1.60) |
44.83
(1.66) |
45.48
(2.00) |
| 21-64 |
47.91
(1.11) |
47.43
(0.98) |
47.68
(1.18) |
47.39
(1.25) |
50.52
(1.25) |
52.13
(1.20) |
47.89
(1.37) |
53.57
(1.29) |
52.55
(1.16) |
49.87
(1.29) |
| > 64 |
17.61
(1.61) |
20.20
(2.19) |
13.07
(1.13) |
17.66
(1.62) |
22.12
(1.96) |
20.95
(2.12) |
21.84
(2.22) |
23.66
(2.06) |
27.10
(2.09) |
24.25
(1.81) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
15.95
(2.47) |
15.87
(2.85) |
23.01
(4.46) |
21.85
(2.66) |
12.23
(1.86) |
17.33
(3.09) |
15.37
(2.39) |
17.18
(4.68) |
15.25
(2.73) |
16.41
(4.11) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
27.48
(2.08) |
28.34
(2.34) |
28.96
(2.47) |
26.55
(1.81) |
27.23
(2.16) |
27.99
(2.17) |
24.31
(2.19) |
31.27
(2.76) |
24.89
(2.71) |
24.46
(2.09) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
45.98
(1.49) |
45.51
(1.59) |
43.17
(1.79) |
44.62
(1.73) |
44.34
(1.96) |
42.22
(1.80) |
43.76
(2.39) |
46.26
(1.97) |
43.72
(2.05) |
43.79
(2.05) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
46.31
(1.49) |
46.11
(1.18) |
45.53
(1.46) |
45.14
(1.54) |
48.86
(1.73) |
52.44
(1.72) |
48.37
(1.63) |
52.11
(1.40) |
53.63
(1.24) |
50.26
(1.31) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
55.31
(1.01) |
55.85
(0.91) |
56.06
(1.13) |
55.95
(1.02) |
57.15
(1.44) |
60.55
(1.03) |
58.75
(1.08) |
60.80
(1.16) |
59.97
(1.03) |
60.27
(1.00) |
| Only public |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
47.08
(1.15) |
47.51
(0.97) |
48.15
(1.18) |
46.61
(1.13) |
48.61
(1.26) |
50.27
(1.17) |
47.74
(1.33) |
51.25
(1.14) |
51.44
(0.95) |
50.32
(1.04) |
| Not employed |
26.55
(1.36) |
27.18
(1.66) |
23.21
(2.12) |
27.02
(1.59) |
25.97
(1.55) |
27.93
(2.05) |
26.92
(1.70) |
30.86
(2.07) |
28.93
(1.97) |
26.20
(2.00) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
26.94
(2.06) |
29.38
(2.60) |
27.00
(2.37) |
28.09
(2.79) |
31.22
(3.13) |
23.73
(3.78) |
24.82
(2.44) |
21.29
(2.21) |
27.65
(3.04) |
21.95
(2.22) |
| 12 yrs |
39.77
(1.80) |
41.21
(1.60) |
37.47
(1.45) |
35.13
(1.86) |
35.52
(1.68) |
38.65
(2.00) |
34.53
(1.94) |
34.69
(1.79) |
35.40
(2.01) |
36.33
(2.01) |
| > 12 yrs |
45.38
(1.23) |
44.00
(1.04) |
44.24
(1.34) |
44.77
(1.30) |
45.61
(1.38) |
47.33
(1.35) |
44.98
(1.56) |
49.72
(1.16) |
48.43
(0.96) |
46.72
(1.14) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 23. Percent total expense paid by public coverage; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
4.82
(0.16) |
2.84
(0.35) |
3.03
(0.31) |
3.05
(0.34) |
3.07
(0.40) |
4.03
(0.86) |
2.61
(0.24) |
3.82
(0.42) |
3.84
(0.39) |
4.21
(0.42) |
4.53
(0.47) |
| Sex |
| Male |
4.66
(0.19) |
2.79
(0.50) |
2.63
(0.36) |
3.08
(0.45) |
3.23
(0.55) |
4.60
(1.55) |
2.58
(0.31) |
3.36
(0.43) |
4.07
(0.51) |
3.39
(0.38) |
4.22
(0.55) |
| Female |
4.94
(0.18) |
2.87
(0.38) |
3.34
(0.42) |
3.03
(0.40) |
2.95
(0.48) |
3.62
(0.76) |
2.63
(0.29) |
4.19
(0.52) |
3.64
(0.42) |
4.87
(0.60) |
4.76
(0.58) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
12.64
(0.68) |
8.48
(1.59) |
9.04
(1.50) |
11.95
(2.00) |
6.20
(1.00) |
7.30
(1.21) |
7.91
(1.17) |
6.64
(0.99) |
5.10
(0.68) |
9.01
(1.64) |
6.26
(0.82) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.14
(0.15) |
2.03
(0.36) |
1.98
(0.31) |
1.59
(0.25) |
2.32
(0.40) |
3.04
(0.89) |
1.69
(0.20) |
2.92
(0.40) |
3.05
(0.43) |
3.11
(0.43) |
3.64
(0.55) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
12.52
(0.60) |
7.67
(1.77) |
10.43
(2.01) |
10.45
(1.65) |
8.80
(2.33) |
7.11
(1.51) |
9.09
(1.70) |
11.24
(1.69) |
10.78
(1.48) |
11.36
(1.88) |
9.50
(1.63) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
6.99
(0.66) |
3.42
(1.54) |
4.06
(1.77) |
10.91
(4.89) |
5.44
(2.36) |
18.42*
(10.49) |
3.58
(1.57) |
6.68
(1.69) |
6.60
(1.83) |
6.63
(1.33) |
7.44
(1.50) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
10.84
(0.40) |
5.00
(0.72) |
7.19
(0.89) |
6.95
(0.88) |
6.10
(0.96) |
7.19
(1.55) |
5.95
(0.61) |
8.08
(1.02) |
8.63
(0.99) |
8.03
(0.76) |
9.52
(1.13) |
| 21-64 |
2.68
(0.15) |
2.19
(0.40) |
1.47
(0.18) |
1.79
(0.30) |
2.01
(0.39) |
2.93
(1.35) |
1.28
(0.17) |
2.35
(0.36) |
2.17
(0.29) |
2.58
(0.46) |
2.59
(0.44) |
| > 64 |
1.39
(0.15) |
0.77
(0.29) |
1.41
(0.78) |
0.43
(0.15) |
0.93
(0.34) |
0.44
(0.13) |
0.50
(0.17) |
1.58
(0.54) |
0.92
(0.24) |
2.75
(0.85) |
2.13
(0.94) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
35.61
(1.10) |
32.30
(4.51) |
35.57
(4.28) |
32.36
(4.73) |
27.60
(4.39) |
22.19
(4.43) |
25.12
(3.06) |
31.11
(4.11) |
33.43
(4.42) |
36.69
(4.39) |
31.92
(4.06) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
14.31
(0.56) |
4.96
(1.26) |
4.20
(0.63) |
9.38
(1.82) |
11.54
(2.32) |
17.57
(6.00) |
7.94
(0.91) |
13.61
(1.75) |
13.34
(1.72) |
12.41
(1.33) |
12.17
(2.07) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
2.96
(0.18) |
0.72
(0.30) |
0.44
(0.12) |
0.81
(0.20) |
1.53
(0.55) |
3.32
(1.40) |
1.39
(0.28) |
2.15
(0.39) |
1.72
(0.27) |
2.57
(0.54) |
2.65
(0.63) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
0.33
(0.03) |
0.14
(0.06) |
0.16
(0.08) |
0.08
(0.02) |
0.14
(0.05) |
0.21
(0.08) |
0.21
(0.06) |
0.56
(0.27) |
0.24
(0.07) |
0.18
(0.07) |
0.36
(0.11) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
0.51
(0.05) |
0.23
(0.10) |
0.30
(0.09) |
0.33
(0.09) |
0.30
(0.09) |
1.42
(0.85) |
0.31
(0.06) |
0.37
(0.09) |
0.36
(0.08) |
0.41
(0.08) |
0.30
(0.07) |
| Only public |
69.53
(0.94) |
67.25
(4.77) |
70.34
(4.63) |
73.41
(3.72) |
71.35
(4.22) |
71.45
(3.66) |
54.33
(5.87) |
73.41
(2.72) |
70.53
(3.35) |
69.36
(3.49) |
67.99
(3.29) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.98
(0.15) |
1.65
(0.27) |
2.13
(0.29) |
2.21
(0.28) |
2.68
(0.42) |
3.80
(0.95) |
2.25
(0.22) |
2.91
(0.35) |
2.99
(0.36) |
3.15
(0.36) |
3.19
(0.35) |
| Not employed |
7.29
(0.33) |
6.85
(1.10) |
6.46
(0.91) |
6.24
(1.08) |
4.64
(0.78) |
4.94
(1.10) |
3.85
(0.52) |
6.96
(0.98) |
6.57
(0.76) |
7.80
(1.08) |
8.31
(1.25) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
19.58
(0.87) |
16.85
(2.64) |
14.22
(2.03) |
15.54
(3.18) |
15.44
(2.83) |
17.78
(6.88) |
10.94
(1.34) |
14.49
(1.90) |
15.45
(1.94) |
14.24
(1.83) |
16.93
(2.47) |
| 12 yrs |
7.22
(0.31) |
3.32
(0.53) |
4.87
(0.82) |
4.58
(0.74) |
3.56
(0.70) |
4.79
(0.97) |
3.31
(0.42) |
4.84
(0.61) |
5.61
(1.07) |
6.28
(0.96) |
7.47
(1.23) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.49
(0.11) |
0.76
(0.23) |
1.04
(0.16) |
1.00
(0.18) |
0.96
(0.29) |
1.88
(0.70) |
1.15
(0.18) |
1.99
(0.40) |
1.80
(0.24) |
2.17
(0.32) |
1.64
(0.20) |
Table 23. Percent total expense paid by public coverage; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
4.48
(0.42) |
4.25
(0.39) |
4.61
(0.46) |
5.04
(0.48) |
5.79
(0.55) |
5.51
(0.44) |
5.53
(0.55) |
5.64
(0.43) |
6.62
(0.44) |
8.38
(0.58) |
| Sex |
| Male |
4.28
(0.64) |
3.89
(0.48) |
4.34
(0.54) |
4.89
(0.60) |
6.57
(0.86) |
4.85
(0.52) |
4.84
(0.49) |
5.66
(0.59) |
6.32
(0.53) |
8.29
(0.76) |
| Female |
4.63
(0.49) |
4.51
(0.55) |
4.82
(0.60) |
5.16
(0.59) |
5.19
(0.62) |
6.04
(0.53) |
6.05
(0.86) |
5.61
(0.50) |
6.85
(0.55) |
8.45
(0.68) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
10.47
(1.47) |
10.41
(1.13) |
10.17
(2.28) |
12.66
(1.80) |
19.03
(2.27) |
15.20
(1.81) |
14.32
(1.60) |
14.63
(1.29) |
18.55
(1.84) |
19.00
(1.75) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.13
(0.45) |
2.66
(0.31) |
3.52
(0.48) |
3.52
(0.50) |
2.93
(0.47) |
3.02
(0.39) |
3.78
(0.65) |
3.62
(0.46) |
3.55
(0.40) |
5.37
(0.55) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
13.31
(2.03) |
8.84
(1.40) |
8.58
(1.18) |
11.20
(1.66) |
19.30
(2.68) |
15.89
(2.31) |
13.41
(1.33) |
13.45
(1.69) |
17.43
(1.78) |
18.65
(1.91) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5.12
(1.03) |
9.83
(4.11) |
5.90
(1.98) |
6.93
(1.61) |
7.31
(1.38) |
4.61
(0.95) |
4.36
(0.95) |
6.28
(1.06) |
8.53
(1.40) |
9.42
(2.52) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
9.25
(0.95) |
11.27
(1.29) |
10.91
(1.33) |
12.48
(1.35) |
15.57
(1.88) |
13.66
(1.42) |
11.82
(1.27) |
15.68
(1.44) |
14.47
(1.24) |
16.47
(1.64) |
| 21-64 |
2.66
(0.52) |
1.88
(0.26) |
2.47
(0.52) |
2.26
(0.33) |
2.09
(0.33) |
2.41
(0.35) |
3.55
(0.89) |
2.33
(0.36) |
3.98
(0.42) |
6.82
(0.74) |
| > 64 |
1.64
(0.45) |
0.75
(0.24) |
1.09
(0.42) |
2.05
(0.60) |
1.52
(0.64) |
1.30
(0.47) |
0.96
(0.25) |
1.23
(0.28) |
1.92
(0.64) |
1.74
(0.40) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
33.89
(4.21) |
32.44
(3.72) |
32.63
(4.20) |
30.42
(3.06) |
40.33
(3.94) |
38.96
(2.93) |
34.40
(3.73) |
40.54
(4.13) |
45.48
(3.73) |
46.17
(4.39) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
16.52
(2.29) |
12.48
(1.52) |
13.27
(1.72) |
16.74
(2.05) |
16.83
(2.11) |
15.09
(1.89) |
15.61
(2.33) |
14.58
(1.45) |
16.64
(1.85) |
23.61
(2.38) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
2.35
(0.43) |
3.83
(1.05) |
3.31
(0.70) |
3.86
(0.96) |
3.06
(0.62) |
3.50
(0.60) |
3.50
(1.03) |
3.37
(0.61) |
4.31
(0.58) |
6.43
(0.98) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
0.28
(0.08) |
0.18
(0.06) |
0.21
(0.07) |
0.34
(0.10) |
0.58
(0.34) |
0.32
(0.16) |
0.32
(0.10) |
0.36
(0.09) |
0.42
(0.09) |
0.84
(0.17) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
0.26
(0.05) |
0.38
(0.08) |
0.42
(0.08) |
0.47
(0.10) |
0.44
(0.08) |
0.39
(0.08) |
0.57
(0.13) |
0.53
(0.09) |
0.85
(0.19) |
1.15
(0.17) |
| Only public |
71.35
(3.45) |
66.12
(3.99) |
73.16
(3.91) |
70.27
(4.00) |
72.30
(3.13) |
68.20
(2.98) |
65.40
(3.77) |
68.28
(2.93) |
69.63
(2.59) |
72.71
(3.06) |
| Neither |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.00
(0.00) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.54
(0.42) |
3.85
(0.44) |
3.93
(0.51) |
4.18
(0.53) |
4.87
(0.57) |
4.45
(0.37) |
4.85
(0.60) |
5.00
(0.50) |
5.57
(0.43) |
7.94
(0.63) |
| Not employed |
7.82
(1.08) |
5.43
(0.79) |
6.40
(0.90) |
7.46
(0.92) |
8.35
(1.20) |
8.36
(1.09) |
7.20
(1.19) |
7.29
(0.85) |
9.15
(0.88) |
9.40
(1.02) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
19.91
(2.37) |
17.36
(2.15) |
16.19
(2.37) |
23.57
(3.21) |
24.24
(3.02) |
27.11
(2.66) |
23.58
(2.55) |
25.56
(2.97) |
23.08
(2.85) |
7.94
(0.63) |
| 12 yrs |
6.39
(0.77) |
6.01
(1.13) |
7.84
(1.23) |
8.80
(1.30) |
8.70
(1.25) |
7.44
(0.77) |
10.74
(1.75) |
10.03
(1.05) |
12.45
(1.36) |
9.40
(1.02) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.07
(0.41) |
2.30
(0.32) |
2.30
(0.40) |
2.16
(0.28) |
3.34
(0.51) |
3.35
(0.42) |
2.96
(0.45) |
3.26
(0.38) |
3.91
(0.35) |
7.94
(0.63) |
* Relative standard error is greater than 30 percent.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 24. Percent total expense paid by other sources; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
4.29
(0.11) |
3.21
(0.45) |
4.38
(0.40) |
3.60
(0.40) |
4.00
(0.36) |
4.62
(0.39) |
5.28
(0.42) |
5.16
(0.35) |
5.04
(0.42) |
4.95
(0.43) |
4.09
(0.51) |
| Sex |
| Male |
4.75
(0.17) |
3.65
(0.69) |
4.62
(0.51) |
4.27
(0.69) |
4.20
(0.46) |
5.43
(0.72) |
5.63
(0.53) |
5.67
(0.55) |
4.81
(0.45) |
5.57
(0.67) |
4.82
(1.08) |
| Female |
3.93
(0.13) |
2.87
(0.60) |
4.19
(0.57) |
3.07
(0.41) |
3.84
(0.46) |
4.04
(0.40) |
5.03
(0.58) |
4.76
(0.43) |
5.23
(0.63) |
4.44
(0.50) |
3.52
(0.41) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
6.22
(0.32) |
5.71
(2.31) |
6.39
(1.85) |
4.28
(1.16) |
5.59
(1.13) |
5.70
(1.26) |
7.45
(1.27) |
8.12
(1.63) |
9.68
(2.98) |
5.29
(0.98) |
4.92
(1.15) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.77
(0.12) |
2.92
(0.48) |
3.90
(0.42) |
3.40
(0.46) |
3.91
(0.39) |
4.50
(0.40) |
4.73
(0.37) |
4.44
(0.36) |
4.38
(0.43) |
4.77
(0.51) |
3.36
(0.59) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
6.94
(0.37) |
5.72
(2.37) |
6.25
(1.20) |
5.01
(1.26) |
3.54
(1.10) |
5.53
(1.16) |
5.40
(1.02) |
12.04
(1.80) |
6.90
(1.09) |
6.63
(1.24) |
9.63
(2.87) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5.37
(0.61) |
1.61
(0.72) |
9.23
(3.99) |
4.77
(2.26) |
4.17
(1.68) |
4.45
(2.48) |
11.66
(4.63) |
5.94
(1.44) |
7.08
(1.48) |
5.41
(1.45) |
5.50
(1.22) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
3.33
(0.16) |
3.16
(1.01) |
4.43
(0.75) |
2.43
(0.41) |
3.29
(0.57) |
2.53
(0.44) |
4.11
(0.57) |
4.51
(0.57) |
4.53
(0.62) |
4.95
(0.97) |
3.77
(0.92) |
| 21-64 |
3.68
(0.13) |
2.61
(0.38) |
3.51
(0.39) |
3.68
(0.53) |
4.06
(0.47) |
5.12
(0.59) |
4.95
(0.62) |
4.91
(0.43) |
5.00
(0.60) |
4.34
(0.42) |
3.71
(0.79) |
| > 64 |
8.03
(0.39) |
5.73
(1.83) |
8.26
(1.87) |
5.64
(1.23) |
5.30
(0.87) |
7.95
(1.23) |
9.53
(1.38) |
7.62
(1.14) |
6.30
(0.94) |
7.45
(1.41) |
5.98
(0.87) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
7.62
(0.46) |
6.18
(1.70) |
6.18
(1.48) |
5.17
(1.47) |
5.59
(1.66) |
10.52
(3.05) |
8.36
(1.99) |
9.53
(1.83) |
6.77
(1.84) |
5.15
(1.02) |
5.45
(1.18) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
7.39
(0.36) |
2.88
(0.58) |
8.40
(2.42) |
3.66
(1.07) |
5.63
(1.19) |
5.79
(1.34) |
9.44
(2.63) |
5.95
(0.87) |
5.53
(1.02) |
5.60
(0.96) |
7.58
(1.94) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
4.53
(0.18) |
3.60
(0.87) |
5.04
(0.69) |
3.28
(0.61) |
4.59
(0.58) |
5.33
(0.80) |
6.26
(0.79) |
5.21
(0.62) |
4.64
(0.57) |
5.25
(0.87) |
3.86
(0.68) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
3.15
(0.13) |
2.61
(0.66) |
2.94
(0.37) |
3.60
(0.60) |
3.27
(0.45) |
3.45
(0.46) |
3.64
(0.35) |
4.61
(0.45) |
4.98
(0.65) |
4.67
(0.59) |
3.27
(0.85) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.32
(0.09) |
2.12
(0.43) |
2.91
(0.30) |
2.92
(0.43) |
3.47
(0.38) |
3.36
(0.37) |
3.69
(0.36) |
3.78
(0.36) |
3.74
(0.44) |
3.62
(0.40) |
2.87
(0.66) |
| Only public |
7.13
(0.39) |
4.98
(1.78) |
5.85
(1.30) |
3.89
(1.08) |
7.38
(2.35) |
8.22
(2.30) |
16.54
(4.81) |
9.24
(1.47) |
9.74
(2.29) |
6.53
(1.74) |
6.54
(1.34) |
| Neither |
11.24
(0.42) |
6.96
(1.51) |
9.55
(1.64) |
5.98
(0.99) |
5.49
(0.86) |
8.94
(1.29) |
9.08
(1.04) |
9.72
(1.10) |
9.40
(1.28) |
10.25
(1.54) |
8.32
(0.83) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.36
(0.10) |
2.91
(0.48) |
3.92
(0.46) |
2.88
(0.36) |
3.60
(0.38) |
4.07
(0.42) |
4.06
(0.33) |
4.62
(0.38) |
4.33
(0.35) |
4.30
(0.45) |
3.77
(0.67) |
| Not employed |
7.06
(0.28) |
4.24
(1.14) |
6.13
(0.79) |
6.32
(1.16) |
5.61
(0.79) |
6.74
(0.93) |
9.48
(1.35) |
7.01
(0.78) |
7.37
(1.23) |
7.16
(0.98) |
4.99
(0.66) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
6.58
(0.33) |
5.41
(1.79) |
8.92
(2.89) |
4.82
(1.26) |
5.91
(1.39) |
4.89
(0.99) |
6.60
(1.19) |
6.49
(0.93) |
5.36
(0.87) |
7.54
(1.60) |
5.32
(1.28) |
| 12 yrs |
5.12
(0.22) |
2.64
(0.49) |
4.92
(0.75) |
3.07
(0.64) |
4.37
(0.67) |
5.87
(0.86) |
6.23
(0.75) |
5.31
(0.68) |
4.68
(0.69) |
4.92
(0.77) |
5.22
(0.90) |
| > 12 yrs |
3.78
(0.13) |
3.18
(0.64) |
3.66
(0.38) |
3.64
(0.50) |
3.51
(0.37) |
4.10
(0.47) |
4.66
(0.58) |
4.94
(0.45) |
5.15
(0.57) |
4.65
(0.54) |
3.44
(0.70) |
Table 24. Percent total expense paid by other sources; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
3.71
(0.33) |
4.27
(0.40) |
4.29
(0.51) |
4.61
(0.45) |
4.10
(0.31) |
4.27
(0.40) |
4.13
(0.36) |
3.66
(0.37) |
3.95
(0.31) |
4.47
(0.53) |
| Sex |
| Male |
3.78
(0.44) |
5.11
(0.64) |
3.93
(0.62) |
5.24
(0.71) |
4.78
(0.49) |
4.67
(0.61) |
4.54
(0.62) |
4.03
(0.63) |
4.09
(0.43) |
5.98
(1.03) |
| Female |
3.66
(0.46) |
3.66
(0.49) |
4.57
(0.72) |
4.13
(0.49) |
3.58
(0.38) |
3.94
(0.51) |
3.81
(0.40) |
3.36
(0.40) |
3.84
(0.40) |
3.29
(0.35) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
5.19
(1.11) |
5.08
(1.00) |
5.18
(0.91) |
10.09
(2.25) |
7.02
(1.25) |
6.90
(1.09) |
6.97
(1.05) |
5.84
(0.89) |
4.83
(0.85) |
5.08
(0.85) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.40
(0.39) |
3.94
(0.45) |
3.51
(0.46) |
3.68
(0.51) |
3.47
(0.34) |
3.69
(0.50) |
3.43
(0.39) |
3.11
(0.46) |
3.32
(0.35) |
3.82
(0.57) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.31
(1.20) |
7.10
(1.94) |
8.46
(1.67) |
7.93
(1.63) |
7.53
(1.45) |
5.53
(0.79) |
7.46
(1.24) |
7.70
(1.49) |
6.73
(1.29) |
5.84
(1.22) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
4.31
(1.15) |
3.72
(1.03) |
7.69
(4.52) |
5.27
(1.45) |
3.94
(1.00) |
4.57
(1.49) |
4.26
(1.09) |
2.55
(0.55) |
5.81
(1.73) |
7.37
(2.99) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
2.74
(0.44) |
3.89
(0.82) |
2.66
(0.47) |
5.13
(0.94) |
3.58
(0.56) |
4.26
(0.82) |
2.55
(0.41) |
1.95
(0.31) |
1.46
(0.21) |
2.07
(0.50) |
| 21-64 |
3.25
(0.46) |
3.20
(0.44) |
3.70
(0.76) |
2.79
(0.34) |
3.43
(0.41) |
2.59
(0.34) |
4.13
(0.58) |
2.96
(0.50) |
3.28
(0.38) |
3.44
(0.68) |
| > 64 |
7.45
(1.02) |
8.77
(1.46) |
9.10
(1.23) |
10.21
(1.55) |
7.12
(0.91) |
9.37
(1.63) |
6.48
(0.93) |
8.13
(1.32) |
8.91
(1.06) |
9.82
(1.29) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
4.26
(0.74) |
4.92
(1.03) |
11.42
(3.48) |
9.29
(1.95) |
7.57
(1.39) |
7.63
(1.63) |
12.02
(2.71) |
8.13
(1.80) |
7.89
(1.77) |
7.15
(2.36) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
7.11
(1.25) |
9.78
(1.64) |
6.41
(1.19) |
7.49
(1.14) |
6.76
(0.97) |
11.81
(2.21) |
9.93
(1.30) |
7.93
(1.69) |
6.49
(1.05) |
7.35
(1.10) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
3.55
(0.67) |
4.26
(0.79) |
3.95
(0.65) |
5.05
(0.78) |
4.74
(0.64) |
4.77
(0.77) |
3.61
(0.46) |
4.17
(0.89) |
4.12
(0.69) |
5.62
(1.07) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
3.15
(0.43) |
3.13
(0.50) |
3.19
(0.75) |
3.25
(0.60) |
2.75
(0.39) |
1.85
(0.31) |
2.03
(0.26) |
1.85
(0.24) |
2.80
(0.35) |
2.92
(0.58) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.21
(0.35) |
2.13
(0.41) |
1.85
(0.50) |
2.35
(0.39) |
1.58
(0.24) |
1.48
(0.29) |
1.24
(0.21) |
1.11
(0.17) |
1.25
(0.19) |
1.35
(0.30) |
| Only public |
5.15
(0.73) |
6.04
(1.11) |
4.79
(0.90) |
6.39
(1.13) |
7.05
(1.30) |
12.57
(2.42) |
5.95
(1.08) |
7.89
(1.59) |
7.15
(1.33) |
4.33
(0.73) |
| Neither |
10.01
(1.16) |
12.63
(1.40) |
13.08
(1.51) |
12.70
(1.52) |
13.38
(1.33) |
11.52
(1.58) |
13.27
(1.53) |
12.85
(1.76) |
14.42
(1.54) |
16.74
(2.45) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.13
(0.35) |
3.34
(0.44) |
3.11
(0.56) |
3.55
(0.47) |
2.96
(0.30) |
3.42
(0.45) |
2.90
(0.38) |
2.47
(0.26) |
2.75
(0.27) |
2.14
(0.31) |
| Not employed |
5.80
(0.72) |
7.03
(0.98) |
7.50
(1.10) |
7.57
(0.95) |
7.27
(0.85) |
6.54
(0.81) |
7.25
(0.85) |
6.77
(1.14) |
6.86
(0.83) |
9.85
(1.40) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
5.98
(1.37) |
7.93
(1.53) |
5.20
(1.14) |
8.57
(1.37) |
6.86
(1.57) |
8.41
(2.10) |
9.00
(1.55) |
8.63
(1.70) |
5.33
(1.03) |
5.54
(0.97) |
| 12 yrs |
3.89
(0.51) |
3.95
(0.65) |
4.50
(0.62) |
5.95
(0.82) |
5.51
(0.80) |
5.64
(0.79) |
5.60
(0.77) |
5.70
(0.81) |
5.73
(0.87) |
7.37
(1.76) |
| > 12 yrs |
3.40
(0.42) |
4.05
(0.53) |
4.10
(0.69) |
3.84
(0.53) |
3.48
(0.34) |
3.59
(0.48) |
3.32
(0.38) |
2.86
(0.42) |
3.44
(0.35) |
3.53
(0.47) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 25. Total dental procedures (thousands); 1996—2015
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
496,319
(27,583) |
495,920
(22,010) |
509,297
(34,705) |
518,130
(31,038) |
498,604
(44,647) |
530,793
(26,790) |
553,509
(28,851) |
567,610
(29,591) |
572,743
(28,959) |
558,864
(28,429) |
| Sex |
| Male |
222,272
(12,762) |
215,573
(10,176) |
221,462
(15,233) |
224,684
(14,071) |
218,098
(20,115) |
229,091
(11,944) |
244,427
(13,023) |
252,679
(13,552) |
254,661
(13,358) |
247,478
(13,256) |
| Female |
274,047
(15,715) |
280,346
(12,717) |
287,835
(20,244) |
293,446
(17,721) |
280,506
(24,975) |
301,702
(15,630) |
309,081
(16,395) |
314,931
(16,661) |
318,081
(16,321) |
311,387
(15,993) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
31,638
(2,514) |
33,341
(2,099) |
32,206
(2,746) |
32,625
(2,619) |
31,559
(3,595) |
39,207
(2,716) |
40,653
(3,175) |
43,274
(3,427) |
47,880
(4,032) |
48,534
(3,899) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
415,620
(24,423) |
413,771
(20,224) |
427,151
(31,410) |
432,849
(27,480) |
416,278
(39,648) |
435,488
(23,523) |
447,309
(25,239) |
455,188
(25,707) |
450,441
(24,746) |
435,853
(24,423) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
29,963
(3,060) |
32,001
(2,232) |
33,641
(3,089) |
35,904
(3,613) |
33,715
(4,834) |
34,994
(2,660) |
37,226
(3,363) |
37,757
(3,371) |
39,612
(3,692) |
40,886
(3,868) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
19,098
(2,707) |
16,807
(1,931) |
16,299
(2,378) |
16,752
(2,222) |
17,051
(2,378) |
21,103
(2,523) |
28,320
(2,701) |
31,391
(3,094) |
34,810
(3,209) |
33,592
(3,103) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
156,493
(9,994) |
155,580
(7,953) |
161,261
(12,086) |
160,721
(10,526) |
162,424
(14,830) |
163,303
(9,176) |
172,350
(9,698) |
179,070
(10,342) |
186,373
(10,321) |
175,052
(9,807) |
| 21-64 |
275,818
(15,560) |
277,250
(12,603) |
285,841
(20,121) |
288,642
(17,766) |
269,714
(25,388) |
298,947
(15,482) |
309,248
(16,638) |
318,229
(17,011) |
312,440
(16,193) |
305,829
(15,868) |
| > 64 |
64,008
(4,709) |
63,090
(3,974) |
62,196
(5,087) |
68,767
(5,365) |
66,466
(6,664) |
68,543
(4,233) |
71,910
(4,818) |
70,311
(5,160) |
73,929
(5,240) |
77,984
(5,511) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
36,109
(3,046) |
33,791
(2,706) |
34,919
(3,358) |
32,563
(2,869) |
29,415
(3,115) |
31,586
(2,202) |
35,149
(2,540) |
37,261
(2,807) |
40,291
(2,877) |
40,667
(2,937) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
60,715
(4,397) |
57,155
(3,702) |
50,790
(4,072) |
54,341
(4,367) |
58,882
(6,451) |
61,259
(3,948) |
60,087
(3,885) |
63,799
(4,085) |
63,094
(4,349) |
64,815
(4,397) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
169,697
(11,002) |
167,613
(8,972) |
161,301
(11,387) |
156,686
(10,717) |
154,939
(14,934) |
159,145
(9,089) |
164,181
(9,786) |
165,762
(10,102) |
170,605
(10,159) |
167,285
(9,721) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
229,797
(14,768) |
237,361
(12,095) |
262,287
(20,486) |
274,540
(18,481) |
255,367
(24,246) |
278,802
(16,304) |
294,092
(16,873) |
300,788
(17,723) |
298,753
(16,888) |
286,098
(16,168) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
353,851
(20,754) |
360,729
(17,165) |
368,142
(26,907) |
376,212
(24,608) |
358,603
(33,863) |
385,706
(21,041) |
403,001
(22,179) |
411,656
(22,749) |
416,767
(22,199) |
404,597
(21,873) |
| Only public |
28,300
(2,770) |
28,483
(1,953) |
31,915
(2,861) |
29,066
(2,692) |
32,480
(4,026) |
35,457
(2,641) |
40,053
(3,060) |
44,733
(3,444) |
47,433
(3,417) |
49,032
(3,410) |
| Neither |
114,168
(7,365) |
106,707
(5,686) |
109,240
(8,025) |
112,852
(7,589) |
107,520
(9,737) |
109,629
(6,194) |
110,455
(6,437) |
111,222
(6,957) |
108,543
(6,710) |
105,235
(6,361) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
386,928
(22,145) |
389,386
(17,598) |
403,155
(28,129) |
412,096
(25,888) |
392,546
(35,755) |
415,511
(21,544) |
429,534
(23,024) |
439,994
(23,584) |
447,363
(23,023) |
426,101
(22,047) |
| Not employed |
109,377
(6,918) |
106,514
(5,772) |
106,140
(7,879) |
106,014
(6,824) |
106,058
(9,927) |
115,246
(6,485) |
123,935
(7,126) |
127,474
(7,515) |
125,360
(7,574) |
132,691
(7,695) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
42,692
(3,466) |
38,970
(2,587) |
37,183
(2,919) |
45,152
(3,281) |
47,157
(4,576) |
48,297
(3,076) |
49,463
(2,960) |
44,557
(3,033) |
43,869
(2,885) |
47,563
(3,027) |
| 12 yrs |
140,589
(8,498) |
130,907
(7,426) |
126,709
(9,061) |
139,720
(9,256) |
132,935
(13,166) |
147,425
(7,951) |
150,475
(8,888) |
156,308
(9,281) |
147,675
(8,591) |
147,159
(8,634) |
| > 12 yrs |
312,898
(19,356) |
325,859
(15,200) |
344,976
(25,371) |
332,029
(21,426) |
317,707
(29,159) |
334,031
(18,234) |
352,361
(19,170) |
366,006
(19,965) |
380,336
(20,421) |
363,582
(19,739) |
Table 25. Total dental procedures (thousands); 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
562,957
(29,502) |
562,038
(19,959) |
550,411
(16,301) |
548,697
(16,245) |
528,206
(16,904) |
526,693
(16,373) |
529,035
(16,965) |
580,379
(17,663) |
583,516
(18,873) |
588,965
(18,887) |
| Sex |
| Male |
251,398
(13,513) |
244,916
(9,321) |
243,057
(7,831) |
244,284
(7,860) |
236,360
(8,415) |
234,274
(7,603) |
237,047
(8,122) |
260,865
(9,446) |
261,453
(9,314) |
265,856
(9,652) |
| Female |
311,559
(16,583) |
317,122
(11,620) |
307,354
(9,873) |
304,414
(9,460) |
291,846
(10,008) |
292,419
(9,852) |
291,988
(9,955) |
319,513
(9,901) |
322,063
(11,096) |
323,109
(10,542) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
45,674
(3,161) |
52,158
(3,240) |
53,102
(3,600) |
52,077
(3,230) |
53,798
(3,270) |
61,355
(4,109) |
57,306
(3,729) |
65,177
(3,848) |
66,392
(4,180) |
75,134
(4,455) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
439,538
(25,245) |
434,193
(17,371) |
424,622
(15,526) |
421,090
(14,980) |
397,863
(15,603) |
392,885
(15,598) |
394,311
(16,100) |
425,970
(16,553) |
423,494
(17,156) |
419,485
(16,622) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
42,507
(3,775) |
42,901
(3,283) |
39,160
(2,935) |
40,945
(2,901) |
41,687
(2,964) |
38,776
(2,411) |
39,587
(2,174) |
44,733
(2,929) |
44,729
(2,888) |
43,193
(2,419) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
35,239
(3,462) |
32,786
(2,758) |
33,528
(3,225) |
34,585
(3,007) |
34,858
(3,109) |
33,677
(3,158) |
37,830
(3,029) |
44,499
(3,240) |
48,902
(4,190) |
51,153
(4,195) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
178,710
(10,286) |
173,050
(7,633) |
163,823
(7,199) |
172,563
(7,710) |
169,508
(8,264) |
166,597
(8,553) |
170,147
(8,257) |
190,598
(8,362) |
187,082
(8,649) |
181,256
(8,664) |
| 21-64 |
307,825
(16,319) |
308,072
(11,457) |
306,368
(9,879) |
296,379
(9,075) |
281,678
(9,492) |
273,770
(8,398) |
268,914
(8,784) |
288,622
(9,299) |
288,780
(9,965) |
298,837
(10,732) |
| > 64 |
76,422
(5,274) |
80,915
(4,346) |
80,221
(4,594) |
79,756
(4,049) |
77,020
(3,990) |
86,326
(4,853) |
89,974
(4,927) |
101,159
(5,636) |
107,654
(5,877) |
108,872
(5,767) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
37,796
(2,592) |
37,548
(2,137) |
39,143
(2,516) |
43,335
(2,663) |
46,405
(2,398) |
45,533
(2,278) |
47,300
(2,893) |
47,328
(2,360) |
51,499
(2,923) |
46,164
(2,686) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
62,881
(4,411) |
64,753
(3,474) |
67,194
(3,608) |
66,313
(3,376) |
69,242
(3,329) |
69,919
(3,283) |
66,006
(3,518) |
80,888
(4,516) |
71,619
(4,596) |
78,283
(4,248) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
165,634
(9,798) |
159,116
(7,393) |
162,927
(6,994) |
159,725
(6,893) |
144,200
(6,191) |
153,590
(6,371) |
152,282
(7,362) |
158,306
(7,583) |
153,290
(7,592) |
155,349
(7,344) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
296,646
(17,653) |
300,621
(13,029) |
281,147
(11,812) |
279,325
(11,657) |
268,359
(12,565) |
257,651
(11,640) |
263,447
(11,629) |
293,857
(12,116) |
307,107
(13,033) |
309,169
(12,781) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
409,417
(22,624) |
397,635
(15,592) |
391,522
(13,467) |
392,644
(13,394) |
370,223
(14,837) |
364,843
(13,872) |
366,344
(14,743) |
403,532
(14,736) |
410,683
(16,092) |
408,962
(16,269) |
| Only public |
50,384
(3,411) |
50,546
(2,953) |
49,173
(3,010) |
55,393
(3,131) |
61,022
(3,437) |
59,999
(3,016) |
60,879
(3,423) |
72,398
(3,807) |
76,507
(4,003) |
81,313
(3,540) |
| Neither |
103,156
(6,500) |
113,857
(5,449) |
109,716
(4,893) |
100,660
(4,882) |
96,960
(4,081) |
101,852
(5,030) |
101,812
(5,541) |
104,448
(4,936) |
96,326
(4,680) |
98,690
(4,618) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
437,367
(23,472) |
432,506
(16,101) |
420,938
(13,242) |
412,252
(12,817) |
401,043
(14,226) |
395,539
(14,190) |
389,245
(13,853) |
429,187
(13,887) |
433,451
(15,198) |
439,815
(15,698) |
| Not employed |
125,581
(7,513) |
129,503
(5,688) |
129,344
(5,927) |
136,435
(5,746) |
127,116
(5,314) |
131,052
(5,721) |
139,659
(5,745) |
151,138
(6,626) |
150,065
(6,091) |
148,754
(6,052) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
42,799
(2,709) |
43,969
(2,372) |
39,511
(2,285) |
39,026
(2,009) |
35,812
(2,432) |
31,739
(2,028) |
31,677
(1,874) |
36,720
(2,096) |
35,098
(2,161) |
32,942
(1,716) |
| 12 yrs |
140,699
(8,463) |
134,604
(6,407) |
138,061
(6,521) |
128,007
(5,233) |
106,799
(4,184) |
108,238
(4,480) |
102,459
(4,970) |
100,760
(4,690) |
100,722
(4,695) |
119,012
(5,197) |
| > 12 yrs |
377,982
(21,066) |
381,136
(14,867) |
371,122
(12,891) |
379,529
(13,131) |
384,142
(14,052) |
386,359
(14,120) |
393,921
(14,270) |
441,778
(15,548) |
446,888
(16,332) |
436,118
(15,779) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 26. Percent of total dental procedures — diagnostic; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
42.60
(0.12) |
40.24
(0.35) |
40.64
(0.33) |
41.63
(0.36) |
41.69
(0.35) |
41.86
(0.43) |
41.48
(0.32) |
42.27
(0.30) |
42.53
(0.30) |
42.46
(0.32) |
43.18
(0.30) |
| Sex |
| Male |
42.73
(0.14) |
40.67
(0.48) |
41.00
(0.46) |
41.60
(0.50) |
41.45
(0.47) |
42.38
(0.61) |
41.75
(0.42) |
42.11
(0.40) |
42.66
(0.41) |
42.06
(0.47) |
42.80
(0.43) |
| Female |
42.50
(0.13) |
39.89
(0.43) |
40.37
(0.40) |
41.66
(0.45) |
41.87
(0.43) |
41.46
(0.47) |
41.28
(0.38) |
42.40
(0.33) |
42.43
(0.36) |
42.77
(0.38) |
43.48
(0.37) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
41.68
(0.24) |
40.55
(0.97) |
41.31
(1.04) |
41.25
(0.99) |
41.01
(1.01) |
42.47
(0.93) |
44.18
(0.78) |
41.78
(0.78) |
41.68
(0.84) |
41.16
(0.83) |
42.47
(0.74) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
42.73
(0.13) |
40.48
(0.38) |
40.57
(0.36) |
41.69
(0.41) |
41.59
(0.39) |
41.57
(0.46) |
41.06
(0.36) |
42.31
(0.34) |
42.53
(0.34) |
42.62
(0.36) |
43.34
(0.34) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
42.70
(0.27) |
38.43
(1.39) |
40.98
(0.89) |
41.25
(1.08) |
42.44
(1.04) |
45.44
(1.42) |
43.49
(0.91) |
43.20
(0.77) |
43.70
(0.88) |
41.30
(1.15) |
42.03
(1.21) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
42.06
(0.33) |
37.41
(1.96) |
40.32
(2.01) |
41.82
(2.04) |
43.86
(1.57) |
40.81
(1.85) |
41.92
(1.34) |
41.14
(1.11) |
42.42
(1.09) |
43.43
(1.02) |
43.47
(0.95) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
40.05
(0.16) |
38.65
(0.69) |
38.96
(0.59) |
39.18
(0.61) |
39.14
(0.58) |
39.86
(0.65) |
38.92
(0.55) |
39.61
(0.50) |
40.32
(0.48) |
39.12
(0.50) |
40.56
(0.50) |
| 21-64 |
44.25
(0.15) |
41.60
(0.41) |
41.88
(0.40) |
43.20
(0.42) |
43.53
(0.45) |
43.27
(0.49) |
43.14
(0.40) |
43.92
(0.33) |
44.17
(0.37) |
44.58
(0.46) |
44.91
(0.36) |
| > 64 |
42.00
(0.22) |
38.27
(0.83) |
39.33
(0.81) |
40.82
(0.94) |
39.90
(0.92) |
41.04
(0.86) |
40.37
(0.70) |
41.53
(0.67) |
40.78
(0.81) |
41.90
(0.81) |
42.25
(0.69) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
42.29
(0.24) |
41.09
(0.97) |
41.42
(0.95) |
42.59
(1.05) |
41.95
(1.01) |
42.06
(1.36) |
42.29
(0.98) |
43.74
(0.84) |
42.91
(0.93) |
40.35
(1.03) |
42.24
(1.01) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
41.76
(0.21) |
39.13
(1.01) |
40.27
(1.03) |
41.22
(1.05) |
40.96
(1.01) |
42.73
(1.28) |
41.22
(0.72) |
41.98
(0.74) |
42.11
(0.77) |
41.71
(1.40) |
41.79
(0.89) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
42.18
(0.17) |
40.06
(0.61) |
40.38
(0.54) |
41.38
(0.63) |
41.67
(0.60) |
41.04
(0.63) |
41.91
(0.48) |
41.79
(0.47) |
42.18
(0.55) |
43.10
(0.50) |
42.44
(0.52) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
43.08
(0.14) |
40.53
(0.45) |
40.81
(0.44) |
41.75
(0.48) |
41.81
(0.46) |
42.14
(0.50) |
41.20
(0.45) |
42.42
(0.38) |
42.77
(0.39) |
42.53
(0.41) |
44.05
(0.35) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
42.87
(0.13) |
40.49
(0.40) |
40.82
(0.38) |
41.92
(0.42) |
42.10
(0.41) |
41.97
(0.40) |
41.60
(0.35) |
42.60
(0.33) |
42.81
(0.34) |
42.91
(0.34) |
43.38
(0.34) |
| Only public |
41.89
(0.21) |
41.05
(1.10) |
42.72
(1.14) |
41.94
(1.09) |
40.13
(1.25) |
43.25
(1.48) |
41.32
(1.00) |
42.54
(0.91) |
42.95
(0.79) |
42.15
(1.01) |
42.68
(0.84) |
| Neither |
41.93
(0.18) |
39.28
(0.68) |
39.48
(0.59) |
40.58
(0.72) |
40.72
(0.65) |
41.08
(0.83) |
41.13
(0.69) |
40.95
(0.59) |
41.33
(0.64) |
40.86
(0.94) |
42.61
(0.59) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
42.75
(0.13) |
40.53
(0.40) |
40.84
(0.37) |
41.60
(0.42) |
41.80
(0.37) |
41.94
(0.45) |
41.83
(0.35) |
42.32
(0.33) |
42.80
(0.32) |
42.61
(0.35) |
43.26
(0.33) |
| Not employed |
42.09
(0.19) |
39.21
(0.66) |
39.90
(0.57) |
41.77
(0.63) |
41.26
(0.73) |
41.56
(0.80) |
40.21
(0.56) |
42.08
(0.53) |
41.60
(0.57) |
41.90
(0.62) |
42.94
(0.56) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
40.98
(0.27) |
38.59
(1.17) |
39.89
(0.96) |
40.08
(1.14) |
38.34
(0.95) |
39.76
(1.50) |
42.26
(0.85) |
41.49
(0.76) |
41.93
(0.82) |
42.02
(0.92) |
41.38
(0.87) |
| 12 yrs |
42.31
(0.17) |
39.50
(0.59) |
40.83
(0.51) |
40.80
(0.62) |
41.92
(0.60) |
42.30
(0.61) |
41.11
(0.52) |
42.04
(0.45) |
42.89
(0.50) |
42.34
(0.72) |
43.54
(0.59) |
| > 12 yrs |
42.87
(0.13) |
40.80
(0.43) |
40.66
(0.41) |
42.12
(0.43) |
42.03
(0.45) |
41.99
(0.47) |
41.55
(0.40) |
42.48
(0.36) |
42.44
(0.35) |
42.54
(0.36) |
43.27
(0.33) |
Table 26. Percent of total dental procedures — diagnostic; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
43.17
(0.29) |
43.59
(0.29) |
43.89
(0.31) |
43.33
(0.33) |
43.30
(0.33) |
43.71
(0.31) |
43.59
(0.30) |
42.68
(0.31) |
42.75
(0.34) |
43.34
(0.32) |
| Sex |
| Male |
43.26
(0.41) |
44.02
(0.39) |
44.67
(0.40) |
43.51
(0.42) |
43.27
(0.40) |
43.59
(0.42) |
43.65
(0.39) |
42.79
(0.40) |
43.04
(0.42) |
43.54
(0.40) |
| Female |
43.10
(0.36) |
43.27
(0.36) |
43.27
(0.39) |
43.18
(0.40) |
43.32
(0.41) |
43.81
(0.37) |
43.54
(0.34) |
42.58
(0.41) |
42.51
(0.43) |
43.18
(0.38) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
43.74
(0.92) |
42.37
(0.77) |
42.24
(0.72) |
41.28
(0.74) |
41.70
(0.75) |
41.42
(0.65) |
41.64
(0.81) |
40.16
(0.62) |
41.05
(0.65) |
41.18
(0.70) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
43.21
(0.33) |
43.92
(0.34) |
44.33
(0.37) |
43.54
(0.37) |
43.52
(0.38) |
44.23
(0.38) |
44.06
(0.36) |
43.31
(0.39) |
43.00
(0.40) |
43.98
(0.40) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
42.83
(0.75) |
43.16
(0.79) |
42.69
(0.85) |
42.94
(0.80) |
43.53
(0.68) |
42.94
(0.83) |
43.47
(0.73) |
42.52
(0.60) |
44.02
(0.73) |
42.44
(0.68) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
42.32
(1.26) |
41.83
(1.15) |
42.27
(1.12) |
44.27
(0.77) |
42.94
(1.22) |
42.76
(1.06) |
41.73
(0.84) |
40.46
(0.94) |
41.70
(0.82) |
42.04
(0.86) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
40.29
(0.52) |
40.87
(0.50) |
41.17
(0.49) |
41.15
(0.54) |
40.83
(0.57) |
41.08
(0.53) |
41.22
(0.50) |
39.68
(0.50) |
39.75
(0.54) |
40.39
(0.49) |
| 21-64 |
45.05
(0.34) |
45.30
(0.35) |
45.42
(0.39) |
44.89
(0.37) |
45.08
(0.39) |
45.25
(0.42) |
44.96
(0.41) |
44.49
(0.42) |
44.89
(0.43) |
45.09
(0.43) |
| > 64 |
42.34
(0.59) |
42.92
(0.69) |
43.62
(0.81) |
42.24
(0.85) |
42.22
(0.64) |
43.91
(0.70) |
43.98
(0.80) |
43.14
(0.69) |
42.21
(0.71) |
43.46
(0.68) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
41.81
(0.88) |
43.92
(0.99) |
42.28
(0.92) |
42.48
(0.80) |
43.67
(0.66) |
43.48
(0.83) |
43.00
(0.84) |
41.29
(0.76) |
41.86
(0.77) |
41.19
(0.85) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
43.42
(0.69) |
41.84
(0.77) |
43.19
(0.62) |
41.48
(0.81) |
42.57
(0.74) |
42.35
(0.63) |
42.81
(0.74) |
40.69
(0.70) |
40.94
(0.71) |
42.31
(0.57) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
42.44
(0.53) |
43.61
(0.54) |
43.03
(0.55) |
42.62
(0.50) |
43.17
(0.53) |
42.94
(0.54) |
42.52
(0.52) |
42.45
(0.54) |
41.72
(0.71) |
43.42
(0.61) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
43.69
(0.35) |
43.93
(0.40) |
44.78
(0.43) |
44.30
(0.42) |
43.49
(0.49) |
44.58
(0.42) |
44.51
(0.44) |
43.57
(0.43) |
43.83
(0.42) |
43.88
(0.40) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
43.22
(0.34) |
43.58
(0.34) |
44.07
(0.36) |
43.73
(0.36) |
43.50
(0.38) |
43.91
(0.35) |
44.32
(0.36) |
42.97
(0.38) |
43.13
(0.38) |
43.91
(0.35) |
| Only public |
41.58
(0.69) |
42.47
(0.81) |
42.64
(0.70) |
42.38
(0.75) |
42.34
(0.70) |
42.39
(0.67) |
41.02
(0.80) |
41.21
(0.60) |
41.10
(0.67) |
41.01
(0.65) |
| Neither |
43.73
(0.57) |
44.13
(0.60) |
43.81
(0.64) |
42.29
(0.74) |
43.15
(0.67) |
43.77
(0.64) |
42.49
(0.72) |
42.57
(0.64) |
42.42
(0.89) |
42.92
(0.71) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
43.28
(0.33) |
43.61
(0.32) |
44.00
(0.34) |
43.57
(0.38) |
43.75
(0.35) |
43.81
(0.34) |
43.77
(0.33) |
42.86
(0.35) |
43.08
(0.34) |
43.50
(0.36) |
| Not employed |
42.76
(0.51) |
43.54
(0.55) |
43.55
(0.62) |
42.61
(0.62) |
41.89
(0.53) |
43.40
(0.56) |
43.10
(0.59) |
42.16
(0.53) |
41.78
(0.69) |
42.94
(0.62) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
41.51
(0.89) |
43.04
(0.91) |
42.60
(1.03) |
42.36
(1.03) |
41.87
(1.00) |
40.78
(0.88) |
40.94
(0.94) |
40.39
(0.79) |
40.57
(1.05) |
39.31
(1.05) |
| 12 yrs |
43.34
(0.51) |
42.45
(0.64) |
42.91
(0.64) |
43.34
(0.60) |
42.94
(0.59) |
43.55
(0.61) |
43.49
(0.62) |
42.28
(0.56) |
41.39
(0.77) |
43.76
(0.63) |
| > 12 yrs |
43.28
(0.34) |
44.03
(0.35) |
44.37
(0.35) |
43.41
(0.35) |
43.53
(0.40) |
44.00
(0.37) |
43.82
(0.33) |
42.98
(0.37) |
43.25
(0.33) |
43.55
(0.36) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 27. Percent of total dental procedures — preventive; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
31.46
(0.12) |
28.96
(0.33) |
29.29
(0.30) |
29.55
(0.37) |
29.88
(0.34) |
29.41
(0.39) |
29.84
(0.29) |
30.53
(0.27) |
30.73
(0.30) |
30.37
(0.31) |
30.77
(0.27) |
| Sex |
| Male |
32.01
(0.15) |
29.35
(0.47) |
29.98
(0.41) |
30.68
(0.51) |
29.99
(0.46) |
30.31
(0.53) |
30.34
(0.40) |
30.82
(0.38) |
31.13
(0.41) |
30.76
(0.46) |
31.38
(0.38) |
| Female |
31.03
(0.12) |
28.63
(0.39) |
28.76
(0.37) |
28.68
(0.41) |
29.79
(0.41) |
28.71
(0.44) |
29.45
(0.37) |
30.29
(0.31) |
30.41
(0.34) |
30.05
(0.33) |
30.28
(0.34) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
30.64
(0.28) |
26.72
(0.87) |
25.45
(0.85) |
26.10
(0.96) |
25.54
(0.91) |
27.15
(0.91) |
27.13
(0.72) |
27.90
(0.83) |
28.73
(0.79) |
29.55
(0.93) |
28.09
(0.78) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
31.60
(0.13) |
29.31
(0.37) |
29.77
(0.33) |
30.05
(0.40) |
30.11
(0.37) |
29.62
(0.42) |
30.27
(0.31) |
30.95
(0.29) |
31.13
(0.33) |
30.43
(0.33) |
31.28
(0.31) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
30.69
(0.25) |
26.50
(1.06) |
28.64
(0.99) |
26.26
(1.34) |
30.01
(1.14) |
28.52
(1.22) |
29.22
(0.90) |
28.87
(0.88) |
28.61
(0.80) |
30.11
(0.79) |
30.05
(0.93) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
31.82
(0.30) |
28.77
(1.64) |
26.40
(1.22) |
30.19
(1.80) |
32.14
(1.68) |
29.97
(2.07) |
26.84
(1.75) |
29.73
(1.21) |
30.24
(1.03) |
31.03
(0.79) |
28.80
(0.90) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
34.37
(0.19) |
30.66
(0.65) |
31.93
(0.58) |
32.25
(0.70) |
32.48
(0.63) |
31.66
(0.67) |
32.15
(0.60) |
32.64
(0.52) |
34.03
(0.54) |
33.06
(0.58) |
33.27
(0.52) |
| 21-64 |
30.44
(0.13) |
28.74
(0.37) |
28.49
(0.34) |
28.66
(0.43) |
29.06
(0.39) |
28.69
(0.44) |
29.07
(0.36) |
29.80
(0.30) |
29.52
(0.34) |
29.47
(0.36) |
30.17
(0.32) |
| > 64 |
28.96
(0.21) |
25.74
(0.77) |
26.31
(0.76) |
26.65
(0.78) |
27.23
(0.76) |
26.80
(0.80) |
27.68
(0.61) |
28.60
(0.62) |
27.80
(0.77) |
27.39
(0.58) |
27.52
(0.65) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
28.86
(0.28) |
25.54
(1.09) |
25.77
(1.20) |
26.01
(1.38) |
26.95
(1.14) |
24.31
(1.17) |
25.83
(1.03) |
27.26
(0.91) |
25.29
(0.77) |
27.51
(0.99) |
27.22
(0.90) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
29.33
(0.25) |
26.64
(0.90) |
26.78
(0.89) |
26.33
(0.91) |
25.87
(0.96) |
25.75
(1.05) |
26.60
(0.88) |
28.38
(0.73) |
26.81
(0.73) |
27.25
(1.15) |
28.98
(0.78) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
31.00
(0.16) |
28.91
(0.59) |
28.97
(0.54) |
28.86
(0.65) |
30.32
(0.57) |
29.01
(0.64) |
29.89
(0.52) |
30.25
(0.44) |
30.66
(0.48) |
30.86
(0.43) |
29.93
(0.50) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
32.60
(0.13) |
30.14
(0.47) |
30.63
(0.40) |
31.07
(0.44) |
30.76
(0.45) |
31.07
(0.46) |
30.97
(0.39) |
31.51
(0.35) |
32.27
(0.38) |
31.13
(0.40) |
32.17
(0.36) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
32.27
(0.12) |
29.98
(0.38) |
30.13
(0.34) |
30.64
(0.42) |
30.64
(0.39) |
30.28
(0.42) |
30.78
(0.33) |
31.42
(0.31) |
31.57
(0.35) |
31.43
(0.32) |
31.52
(0.31) |
| Only public |
30.23
(0.33) |
24.07
(1.38) |
25.45
(0.99) |
25.40
(1.16) |
25.80
(1.34) |
24.35
(1.35) |
25.16
(1.13) |
27.14
(0.91) |
27.07
(0.86) |
28.67
(0.97) |
28.97
(0.96) |
| Neither |
29.08
(0.18) |
26.99
(0.62) |
27.49
(0.63) |
27.10
(0.70) |
28.40
(0.67) |
28.01
(0.69) |
28.02
(0.55) |
28.48
(0.52) |
29.07
(0.60) |
27.01
(0.84) |
28.73
(0.59) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
32.38
(0.13) |
29.74
(0.36) |
30.12
(0.33) |
30.35
(0.43) |
30.61
(0.38) |
30.33
(0.44) |
30.70
(0.31) |
31.09
(0.32) |
31.65
(0.34) |
31.19
(0.36) |
31.77
(0.31) |
| Not employed |
28.43
(0.16) |
26.19
(0.69) |
26.28
(0.59) |
26.54
(0.67) |
27.02
(0.61) |
25.98
(0.59) |
26.71
(0.52) |
28.58
(0.47) |
27.56
(0.55) |
27.43
(0.52) |
27.56
(0.49) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
26.39
(0.28) |
22.14
(0.92) |
23.88
(0.93) |
21.96
(1.03) |
23.05
(0.97) |
22.36
(1.16) |
25.04
(0.70) |
25.43
(0.61) |
26.81
(0.64) |
25.11
(0.75) |
24.82
(0.82) |
| 12 yrs |
29.80
(0.18) |
28.44
(0.60) |
27.86
(0.48) |
27.49
(0.61) |
28.55
(0.56) |
28.59
(0.62) |
28.78
(0.50) |
30.31
(0.44) |
29.24
(0.48) |
28.65
(0.58) |
29.30
(0.44) |
| > 12 yrs |
32.60
(0.12) |
30.13
(0.40) |
30.52
(0.39) |
31.11
(0.44) |
31.39
(0.41) |
30.79
(0.45) |
31.01
(0.36) |
31.34
(0.33) |
31.86
(0.38) |
31.66
(0.35) |
32.13
(0.34) |
Table 27. Percent of total dental procedures - preventive; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
31.57
(0.31) |
31.54
(0.29) |
31.94
(0.32) |
32.45
(0.27) |
33.24
(0.28) |
33.18
(0.32) |
33.56
(0.30) |
33.64
(0.29) |
33.77
(0.30) |
33.96
(0.36) |
| Sex |
| Male |
32.12
(0.38) |
32.40
(0.38) |
32.64
(0.42) |
33.07
(0.38) |
33.52
(0.41) |
33.34
(0.44) |
34.01
(0.50) |
34.22
(0.44) |
34.47
(0.42) |
34.29
(0.45) |
| Female |
31.14
(0.37) |
30.87
(0.37) |
31.38
(0.39) |
31.96
(0.34) |
33.01
(0.31) |
33.05
(0.35) |
33.20
(0.32) |
33.17
(0.35) |
33.21
(0.36) |
33.69
(0.42) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
29.47
(0.69) |
29.39
(0.88) |
31.45
(0.63) |
31.77
(0.74) |
33.71
(0.83) |
32.15
(0.71) |
33.36
(0.73) |
34.87
(0.69) |
34.13
(0.69) |
34.99
(0.57) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
31.98
(0.34) |
31.89
(0.33) |
31.93
(0.39) |
32.49
(0.33) |
33.16
(0.32) |
33.47
(0.38) |
33.69
(0.36) |
33.37
(0.36) |
33.82
(0.38) |
33.74
(0.44) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
30.54
(0.79) |
31.50
(0.85) |
32.11
(0.70) |
31.42
(0.73) |
32.56
(0.72) |
31.51
(0.74) |
32.79
(0.76) |
33.76
(0.73) |
33.24
(0.65) |
33.69
(0.80) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
30.46
(1.22) |
30.38
(1.16) |
32.63
(0.91) |
34.31
(1.01) |
34.19
(1.09) |
33.66
(0.99) |
33.32
(0.94) |
34.30
(1.07) |
33.40
(0.88) |
34.44
(0.82) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
34.21
(0.54) |
35.01
(0.53) |
34.99
(0.57) |
35.78
(0.44) |
35.94
(0.59) |
36.07
(0.58) |
37.17
(0.52) |
37.35
(0.55) |
36.99
(0.58) |
38.10
(0.67) |
| 21-64 |
30.66
(0.35) |
30.33
(0.32) |
30.87
(0.37) |
31.02
(0.34) |
32.35
(0.32) |
32.27
(0.39) |
32.39
(0.35) |
32.00
(0.38) |
32.76
(0.35) |
32.57
(0.45) |
| > 64 |
29.09
(0.63) |
28.70
(0.61) |
29.74
(0.78) |
30.59
(0.60) |
30.51
(0.71) |
30.49
(0.63) |
30.26
(0.87) |
31.36
(0.61) |
30.92
(0.71) |
30.86
(0.59) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
29.25
(0.95) |
28.20
(0.86) |
30.24
(0.97) |
32.05
(0.86) |
31.64
(0.80) |
30.83
(0.78) |
31.07
(0.77) |
32.10
(0.91) |
31.70
(0.92) |
31.49
(0.85) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
29.18
(0.76) |
28.75
(0.72) |
30.29
(0.87) |
30.91
(0.74) |
32.13
(0.75) |
32.24
(0.80) |
32.80
(0.85) |
32.54
(0.70) |
31.38
(0.86) |
32.38
(0.71) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
30.85
(0.52) |
31.58
(0.52) |
32.03
(0.51) |
32.19
(0.57) |
32.82
(0.51) |
32.36
(0.56) |
32.33
(0.52) |
32.83
(0.45) |
32.92
(0.67) |
33.06
(0.69) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
32.78
(0.38) |
32.54
(0.41) |
32.51
(0.44) |
33.03
(0.41) |
34.02
(0.41) |
34.35
(0.45) |
34.91
(0.42) |
34.64
(0.46) |
35.11
(0.39) |
35.18
(0.47) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
32.12
(0.35) |
32.51
(0.34) |
32.36
(0.35) |
33.02
(0.32) |
33.91
(0.32) |
33.97
(0.35) |
34.75
(0.34) |
34.54
(0.36) |
34.59
(0.36) |
34.74
(0.43) |
| Only public |
29.37
(0.96) |
28.94
(0.77) |
31.23
(0.88) |
32.78
(0.74) |
32.83
(0.85) |
32.87
(0.80) |
32.81
(0.84) |
34.27
(0.75) |
33.25
(0.73) |
33.72
(0.76) |
| Neither |
30.49
(0.59) |
29.31
(0.58) |
30.74
(0.70) |
30.06
(0.54) |
30.93
(0.75) |
30.54
(0.67) |
29.75
(0.68) |
29.74
(0.60) |
30.70
(0.73) |
30.93
(0.66) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
32.42
(0.33) |
32.66
(0.32) |
32.73
(0.36) |
33.31
(0.30) |
34.24
(0.34) |
34.26
(0.39) |
34.91
(0.32) |
34.82
(0.38) |
35.13
(0.34) |
35.27
(0.41) |
| Not employed |
28.64
(0.53) |
27.80
(0.49) |
29.33
(0.60) |
29.86
(0.48) |
30.06
(0.54) |
29.93
(0.52) |
29.81
(0.61) |
30.30
(0.47) |
29.86
(0.57) |
30.14
(0.55) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
26.29
(0.82) |
26.85
(0.73) |
28.57
(0.88) |
29.70
(0.86) |
30.63
(0.96) |
30.11
(1.08) |
28.84
(1.03) |
30.84
(0.89) |
30.86
(1.15) |
29.64
(0.89) |
| 12 yrs |
30.45
(0.54) |
29.66
(0.60) |
29.81
(0.55) |
30.97
(0.49) |
31.53
(0.52) |
31.98
(0.55) |
31.19
(0.56) |
31.75
(0.74) |
31.61
(0.69) |
32.35
(0.58) |
| > 12 yrs |
32.56
(0.35) |
32.71
(0.33) |
33.08
(0.37) |
33.23
(0.35) |
33.93
(0.34) |
33.78
(0.38) |
34.56
(0.34) |
34.31
(0.35) |
34.48
(0.34) |
34.74
(0.41) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 28. Percent of total dental procedures — restorative; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
6.59
(0.07) |
8.16
(0.25) |
7.62
(0.20) |
7.68
(0.23) |
7.09
(0.19) |
6.76
(0.25) |
7.19
(0.19) |
7.13
(0.17) |
6.97
(0.19) |
6.93
(0.20) |
6.63
(0.19) |
| Sex |
| Male |
6.60
(0.09) |
8.21
(0.31) |
7.95
(0.28) |
7.95
(0.35) |
7.16
(0.30) |
6.62
(0.33) |
7.10
(0.24) |
7.33
(0.24) |
7.31
(0.29) |
6.90
(0.34) |
6.54
(0.27) |
| Female |
6.58
(0.07) |
8.12
(0.30) |
7.36
(0.25) |
7.47
(0.26) |
7.04
(0.24) |
6.88
(0.30) |
7.26
(0.24) |
6.97
(0.19) |
6.70
(0.21) |
6.96
(0.23) |
6.70
(0.22) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
7.54
(0.15) |
9.55
(0.81) |
8.65
(0.63) |
10.25
(0.92) |
9.71
(0.67) |
7.97
(0.61) |
8.84
(0.62) |
9.42
(0.57) |
7.97
(0.55) |
8.28
(0.55) |
7.20
(0.46) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
6.54
(0.08) |
8.09
(0.27) |
7.58
(0.22) |
7.48
(0.25) |
6.90
(0.21) |
6.78
(0.28) |
7.09
(0.21) |
6.97
(0.18) |
6.94
(0.22) |
6.82
(0.23) |
6.65
(0.23) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
6.17
(0.12) |
8.15
(0.80) |
6.96
(0.55) |
7.64
(0.79) |
6.33
(0.60) |
5.40
(0.60) |
6.34
(0.57) |
7.00
(0.54) |
6.72
(0.49) |
6.97
(0.70) |
5.76
(0.46) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
6.33
(0.17) |
7.59
(1.38) |
7.87
(0.94) |
7.85
(1.18) |
8.69
(1.38) |
6.77
(0.96) |
7.60
(0.96) |
6.60
(0.64) |
6.37
(0.59) |
6.48
(0.61) |
6.54
(0.62) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
5.42
(0.10) |
6.36
(0.43) |
5.62
(0.29) |
6.54
(0.37) |
5.22
(0.29) |
5.25
(0.40) |
5.41
(0.30) |
6.36
(0.32) |
6.10
(0.27) |
5.69
(0.29) |
5.70
(0.28) |
| 21-64 |
7.19
(0.08) |
8.86
(0.30) |
8.19
(0.26) |
8.14
(0.29) |
7.82
(0.28) |
7.53
(0.29) |
8.10
(0.27) |
7.44
(0.21) |
7.31
(0.23) |
7.54
(0.30) |
7.17
(0.26) |
| > 64 |
6.90
(0.13) |
9.59
(0.54) |
10.03
(0.55) |
8.52
(0.63) |
8.42
(0.56) |
7.38
(0.63) |
7.44
(0.44) |
7.65
(0.39) |
7.70
(0.52) |
7.51
(0.48) |
6.57
(0.47) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
8.72
(0.17) |
10.40
(0.97) |
10.18
(0.85) |
10.03
(0.96) |
9.48
(0.96) |
9.40
(0.96) |
9.66
(0.87) |
9.22
(0.63) |
9.77
(0.85) |
9.58
(0.73) |
8.04
(0.65) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
7.95
(0.16) |
10.41
(0.67) |
9.49
(0.71) |
9.51
(0.70) |
9.66
(0.68) |
7.06
(0.53) |
8.74
(0.48) |
9.15
(0.56) |
9.20
(0.59) |
9.33
(1.08) |
7.61
(0.51) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
7.01
(0.10) |
8.01
(0.40) |
8.32
(0.34) |
8.66
(0.45) |
7.18
(0.33) |
7.36
(0.49) |
7.44
(0.33) |
7.62
(0.29) |
6.75
(0.29) |
7.56
(0.33) |
7.14
(0.35) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
5.72
(0.07) |
7.33
(0.32) |
6.31
(0.23) |
6.41
(0.28) |
6.25
(0.25) |
6.03
(0.30) |
6.42
(0.24) |
6.20
(0.22) |
6.28
(0.23) |
5.71
(0.20) |
5.90
(0.24) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
6.12
(0.07) |
7.45
(0.26) |
6.99
(0.22) |
7.34
(0.25) |
6.62
(0.22) |
6.35
(0.26) |
6.69
(0.21) |
6.76
(0.19) |
6.39
(0.21) |
6.43
(0.19) |
6.27
(0.22) |
| Only public |
8.85
(0.18) |
12.07
(1.01) |
11.15
(0.74) |
11.75
(0.92) |
10.77
(1.08) |
10.17
(1.18) |
10.91
(0.85) |
10.79
(0.70) |
10.78
(0.74) |
9.23
(0.78) |
8.56
(0.61) |
| Neither |
7.23
(0.11) |
9.40
(0.52) |
8.81
(0.43) |
7.62
(0.46) |
7.73
(0.42) |
7.11
(0.46) |
7.73
(0.38) |
7.17
(0.31) |
7.61
(0.38) |
7.86
(0.69) |
7.08
(0.40) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
6.34
(0.08) |
7.76
(0.27) |
7.08
(0.21) |
7.49
(0.26) |
6.85
(0.21) |
6.47
(0.24) |
7.01
(0.21) |
6.90
(0.20) |
6.62
(0.18) |
6.65
(0.23) |
6.50
(0.21) |
| Not employed |
7.40
(0.11) |
9.58
(0.48) |
9.58
(0.41) |
8.41
(0.44) |
8.05
(0.42) |
7.86
(0.54) |
7.83
(0.38) |
7.92
(0.32) |
8.18
(0.42) |
7.95
(0.37) |
7.04
(0.38) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
8.63
(0.19) |
10.98
(0.80) |
10.51
(0.62) |
9.89
(0.80) |
9.56
(0.78) |
8.83
(0.95) |
8.98
(0.62) |
9.03
(0.54) |
8.15
(0.53) |
8.28
(0.52) |
8.57
(0.65) |
| 12 yrs |
7.68
(0.12) |
9.60
(0.48) |
8.69
(0.38) |
8.65
(0.41) |
8.15
(0.39) |
7.85
(0.42) |
8.71
(0.37) |
7.64
(0.31) |
8.05
(0.37) |
8.79
(0.53) |
7.54
(0.38) |
| > 12 yrs |
5.99
(0.06) |
7.13
(0.27) |
6.85
(0.24) |
7.08
(0.28) |
6.33
(0.22) |
6.01
(0.28) |
6.25
(0.21) |
6.64
(0.21) |
6.37
(0.22) |
6.05
(0.19) |
6.01
(0.20) |
Table 28. Percent of total dental procedures — restorative; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
6.56
(0.18) |
6.26
(0.17) |
6.12
(0.19) |
6.12
(0.16) |
5.94
(0.19) |
6.08
(0.20) |
5.79
(0.19) |
6.01
(0.20) |
5.53
(0.18) |
5.63
(0.15) |
| Sex |
| Male |
6.66
(0.27) |
6.24
(0.24) |
6.02
(0.28) |
5.98
(0.23) |
6.00
(0.27) |
6.20
(0.26) |
5.60
(0.28) |
5.44
(0.24) |
5.61
(0.24) |
5.82
(0.23) |
| Female |
6.49
(0.22) |
6.27
(0.22) |
6.21
(0.23) |
6.22
(0.20) |
5.89
(0.24) |
5.99
(0.26) |
5.93
(0.25) |
6.48
(0.26) |
5.47
(0.25) |
5.47
(0.20) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
8.07
(0.50) |
8.12
(0.61) |
6.67
(0.43) |
6.91
(0.38) |
6.60
(0.47) |
6.73
(0.45) |
6.16
(0.35) |
6.25
(0.36) |
6.37
(0.39) |
6.59
(0.35) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
6.41
(0.22) |
6.14
(0.20) |
6.08
(0.22) |
6.09
(0.19) |
5.85
(0.23) |
6.05
(0.24) |
5.81
(0.23) |
5.94
(0.26) |
5.38
(0.22) |
5.49
(0.19) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
6.11
(0.45) |
5.74
(0.44) |
5.73
(0.45) |
5.62
(0.34) |
6.04
(0.40) |
5.51
(0.44) |
5.41
(0.41) |
5.97
(0.39) |
5.65
(0.40) |
5.37
(0.35) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
7.01
(0.71) |
5.48
(0.57) |
6.26
(0.61) |
5.81
(0.48) |
5.81
(0.60) |
6.01
(0.46) |
5.35
(0.61) |
6.35
(0.63) |
5.59
(0.43) |
5.50
(0.50) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
5.44
(0.27) |
5.24
(0.28) |
5.56
(0.30) |
4.99
(0.26) |
5.23
(0.27) |
5.00
(0.27) |
5.04
(0.36) |
4.78
(0.30) |
4.56
(0.25) |
4.50
(0.24) |
| 21-64 |
6.85
(0.25) |
6.83
(0.23) |
6.59
(0.24) |
6.59
(0.23) |
6.44
(0.27) |
6.76
(0.29) |
6.50
(0.26) |
6.86
(0.30) |
6.05
(0.25) |
6.32
(0.22) |
| > 64 |
8.02
(0.54) |
6.25
(0.47) |
5.49
(0.38) |
6.79
(0.40) |
5.67
(0.43) |
6.03
(0.47) |
5.07
(0.35) |
5.91
(0.40) |
5.82
(0.41) |
5.61
(0.35) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
8.52
(0.78) |
8.79
(0.65) |
7.81
(0.69) |
8.19
(0.52) |
7.70
(0.57) |
8.20
(0.53) |
7.84
(0.71) |
7.97
(0.62) |
7.65
(0.53) |
8.20
(0.51) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
9.21
(0.64) |
8.29
(0.59) |
6.68
(0.45) |
6.66
(0.41) |
6.99
(0.57) |
7.26
(0.43) |
6.49
(0.55) |
6.32
(0.45) |
6.71
(0.45) |
6.49
(0.43) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
6.46
(0.29) |
6.37
(0.37) |
6.16
(0.32) |
6.17
(0.30) |
6.41
(0.31) |
6.73
(0.42) |
6.60
(0.35) |
6.83
(0.39) |
6.25
(0.35) |
5.96
(0.28) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
5.81
(0.24) |
5.44
(0.21) |
5.73
(0.26) |
5.63
(0.22) |
5.11
(0.24) |
5.01
(0.22) |
4.77
(0.23) |
5.17
(0.28) |
4.54
(0.22) |
4.85
(0.21) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
5.94
(0.21) |
5.79
(0.19) |
5.79
(0.21) |
5.65
(0.18) |
5.42
(0.20) |
5.64
(0.22) |
5.39
(0.22) |
5.76
(0.25) |
4.89
(0.18) |
5.18
(0.17) |
| Only public |
9.38
(0.57) |
8.95
(0.66) |
8.46
(0.61) |
7.72
(0.42) |
8.11
(0.47) |
7.67
(0.55) |
7.72
(0.83) |
7.16
(0.44) |
7.75
(0.54) |
7.04
(0.37) |
| Neither |
7.66
(0.47) |
6.69
(0.39) |
6.26
(0.39) |
7.03
(0.40) |
6.57
(0.44) |
6.74
(0.44) |
6.07
(0.41) |
6.19
(0.40) |
6.48
(0.44) |
6.31
(0.38) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
6.27
(0.20) |
6.14
(0.19) |
6.08
(0.22) |
5.83
(0.17) |
5.77
(0.20) |
5.75
(0.20) |
5.48
(0.22) |
5.70
(0.21) |
5.20
(0.21) |
5.39
(0.17) |
| Not employed |
7.57
(0.40) |
6.64
(0.38) |
6.25
(0.34) |
6.97
(0.34) |
6.49
(0.38) |
7.08
(0.38) |
6.62
(0.33) |
6.89
(0.40) |
6.48
(0.35) |
6.27
(0.32) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
8.96
(0.70) |
8.76
(0.63) |
8.28
(0.71) |
7.27
(0.53) |
7.03
(0.69) |
7.74
(0.76) |
7.79
(0.73) |
6.81
(0.70) |
6.71
(0.57) |
9.29
(0.74) |
| 12 yrs |
7.19
(0.33) |
6.99
(0.38) |
7.10
(0.42) |
7.01
(0.34) |
7.12
(0.37) |
6.63
(0.35) |
6.76
(0.46) |
6.66
(0.43) |
6.69
(0.43) |
6.23
(0.34) |
| > 12 yrs |
6.07
(0.21) |
5.73
(0.20) |
5.54
(0.20) |
5.72
(0.17) |
5.52
(0.21) |
5.80
(0.22) |
5.37
(0.21) |
5.78
(0.22) |
5.17
(0.20) |
5.16
(0.17) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 29. Percent of total dental procedures — prosthetic; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
6.43
(0.08) |
7.30
(0.27) |
7.31
(0.25) |
6.85
(0.29) |
6.99
(0.29) |
7.38
(0.35) |
7.10
(0.24) |
6.78
(0.22) |
6.68
(0.22) |
6.44
(0.24) |
6.52
(0.25) |
| Sex |
| Male |
6.27
(0.11) |
6.77
(0.40) |
7.27
(0.39) |
6.60
(0.41) |
7.66
(0.50) |
7.08
(0.57) |
6.68
(0.34) |
6.90
(0.35) |
6.39
(0.32) |
6.06
(0.29) |
6.21
(0.32) |
| Female |
6.55
(0.10) |
7.72
(0.36) |
7.33
(0.30) |
7.04
(0.40) |
6.48
(0.32) |
7.61
(0.36) |
7.42
(0.31) |
6.69
(0.27) |
6.92
(0.30) |
6.74
(0.34) |
6.76
(0.35) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
4.89
(0.15) |
6.08
(0.95) |
7.29
(1.27) |
6.82
(0.83) |
7.47
(1.27) |
5.39
(0.70) |
4.66
(0.50) |
4.95
(0.50) |
5.48
(0.61) |
3.93
(0.42) |
5.21
(0.52) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
6.73
(0.10) |
7.28
(0.29) |
7.46
(0.27) |
6.91
(0.31) |
7.12
(0.33) |
7.66
(0.39) |
7.38
(0.28) |
7.07
(0.26) |
6.86
(0.26) |
6.89
(0.29) |
6.81
(0.31) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.68
(0.18) |
8.93
(1.19) |
6.90
(0.76) |
7.02
(0.91) |
6.20
(0.87) |
5.70
(0.91) |
6.30
(0.74) |
5.93
(0.59) |
6.49
(0.80) |
5.15
(0.56) |
5.06
(0.61) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5.68
(0.20) |
7.13
(1.47) |
4.19
(0.98) |
4.97
(1.13) |
4.37
(1.13) |
7.48
(1.77) |
7.20
(1.38) |
5.95
(0.86) |
6.00
(0.81) |
5.56
(0.86) |
6.35
(0.73) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
0.78
(0.03) |
1.04
(0.19) |
0.72
(0.11) |
0.63
(0.09) |
0.74
(0.12) |
0.64
(0.11) |
0.70
(0.10) |
0.79
(0.09) |
0.94
(0.11) |
0.92
(0.21) |
1.08
(0.13) |
| 21-64 |
7.81
(0.10) |
8.81
(0.36) |
9.33
(0.35) |
8.82
(0.39) |
8.60
(0.39) |
9.63
(0.48) |
8.69
(0.33) |
8.43
(0.31) |
8.00
(0.28) |
7.80
(0.32) |
7.51
(0.31) |
| > 64 |
13.55
(0.24) |
16.06
(1.06) |
14.67
(0.96) |
13.93
(1.18) |
14.84
(1.23) |
14.68
(0.99) |
15.40
(0.85) |
14.05
(0.71) |
15.35
(0.98) |
14.60
(0.86) |
14.84
(1.02) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
5.84
(0.20) |
6.59
(0.77) |
5.83
(0.79) |
6.29
(0.80) |
6.65
(0.78) |
7.57
(1.00) |
6.06
(0.69) |
7.08
(0.93) |
7.38
(0.88) |
7.92
(1.41) |
7.20
(1.05) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
6.49
(0.20) |
7.59
(0.79) |
7.15
(0.66) |
7.55
(1.19) |
7.83
(1.12) |
9.08
(1.80) |
7.50
(0.73) |
7.27
(0.68) |
6.52
(0.54) |
6.53
(0.77) |
6.89
(0.83) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
6.01
(0.11) |
7.32
(0.51) |
6.61
(0.46) |
6.81
(0.47) |
5.66
(0.51) |
6.70
(0.51) |
6.61
(0.42) |
5.81
(0.34) |
6.69
(0.43) |
5.35
(0.37) |
5.97
(0.40) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
6.73
(0.11) |
7.31
(0.36) |
8.04
(0.36) |
6.82
(0.37) |
7.62
(0.40) |
7.37
(0.35) |
7.41
(0.36) |
7.19
(0.31) |
6.63
(0.29) |
6.85
(0.34) |
6.66
(0.34) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
5.93
(0.09) |
6.59
(0.27) |
7.02
(0.28) |
6.38
(0.31) |
6.45
(0.32) |
6.91
(0.39) |
6.61
(0.27) |
6.09
(0.24) |
6.17
(0.24) |
5.60
(0.26) |
5.78
(0.28) |
| Only public |
4.90
(0.19) |
6.83
(0.94) |
4.97
(0.61) |
7.21
(1.01) |
6.94
(1.68) |
6.56
(1.07) |
6.31
(0.87) |
6.29
(0.83) |
5.63
(0.69) |
6.00
(1.18) |
5.97
(0.65) |
| Neither |
8.96
(0.17) |
9.60
(0.73) |
8.90
(0.59) |
8.33
(0.74) |
8.82
(0.74) |
9.18
(0.74) |
9.05
(0.56) |
9.49
(0.61) |
9.00
(0.57) |
9.85
(0.72) |
9.61
(0.63) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
5.16
(0.08) |
6.07
(0.27) |
6.20
(0.26) |
5.64
(0.29) |
5.76
(0.28) |
6.14
(0.40) |
5.49
(0.21) |
5.64
(0.23) |
5.32
(0.21) |
5.17
(0.25) |
5.14
(0.22) |
| Not employed |
10.61
(0.17) |
11.61
(0.76) |
11.33
(0.62) |
11.46
(0.79) |
11.77
(0.90) |
11.96
(0.80) |
12.88
(0.62) |
10.74
(0.53) |
11.39
(0.59) |
10.96
(0.63) |
10.96
(0.65) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
8.51
(0.26) |
10.77
(1.44) |
10.16
(0.87) |
11.66
(1.30) |
10.95
(1.38) |
12.44
(1.85) |
8.58
(0.72) |
9.31
(0.84) |
8.28
(0.68) |
8.82
(0.90) |
8.85
(0.92) |
| 12 yrs |
7.40
(0.15) |
8.16
(0.52) |
8.36
(0.47) |
8.83
(0.67) |
8.11
(0.61) |
7.83
(0.50) |
7.52
(0.45) |
7.05
(0.39) |
7.68
(0.45) |
6.92
(0.41) |
7.29
(0.46) |
| > 12 yrs |
5.86
(0.09) |
6.44
(0.32) |
6.54
(0.30) |
5.61
(0.29) |
5.97
(0.33) |
6.42
(0.31) |
6.66
(0.32) |
6.30
(0.26) |
6.05
(0.27) |
5.99
(0.28) |
5.89
(0.31) |
Table 29. Percent of total dental procedures — prosthetic; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
6.08
(0.23) |
6.47
(0.23) |
6.24
(0.28) |
6.08
(0.26) |
6.01
(0.25) |
6.11
(0.33) |
5.92
(0.30) |
5.44
(0.21) |
5.63
(0.25) |
5.69
(0.30) |
| Sex |
| Male |
5.77
(0.30) |
5.98
(0.33) |
5.64
(0.32) |
5.71
(0.37) |
5.98
(0.37) |
6.26
(0.42) |
6.45
(0.45) |
5.39
(0.32) |
5.50
(0.35) |
5.76
(0.40) |
| Female |
6.32
(0.30) |
6.84
(0.31) |
6.72
(0.37) |
6.38
(0.36) |
6.03
(0.31) |
5.98
(0.41) |
5.49
(0.31) |
5.48
(0.23) |
5.74
(0.31) |
5.64
(0.38) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
4.24
(0.44) |
4.63
(0.56) |
4.56
(0.44) |
4.43
(0.37) |
4.88
(0.52) |
4.69
(0.52) |
4.22
(0.50) |
4.45
(0.43) |
4.13
(0.43) |
4.19
(0.40) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
6.35
(0.28) |
6.81
(0.28) |
6.52
(0.35) |
6.45
(0.32) |
6.35
(0.32) |
6.41
(0.41) |
6.31
(0.38) |
5.65
(0.26) |
6.01
(0.30) |
6.12
(0.39) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.79
(0.57) |
5.32
(0.60) |
4.88
(0.44) |
5.80
(0.71) |
5.14
(0.48) |
5.23
(0.61) |
5.41
(0.52) |
5.12
(0.47) |
4.29
(0.40) |
4.62
(0.62) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
5.38
(0.70) |
6.36
(0.97) |
7.05
(0.85) |
4.41
(0.55) |
4.90
(0.58) |
6.13
(1.09) |
4.96
(0.56) |
5.20
(0.64) |
5.61
(0.65) |
5.31
(0.62) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
0.80
(0.09) |
0.75
(0.10) |
0.79
(0.10) |
0.78
(0.08) |
0.82
(0.10) |
0.91
(0.12) |
0.63
(0.08) |
0.63
(0.09) |
0.73
(0.11) |
0.59
(0.10) |
| 21-64 |
7.61
(0.32) |
7.87
(0.33) |
7.46
(0.40) |
7.41
(0.35) |
7.27
(0.35) |
7.15
(0.37) |
6.60
(0.34) |
6.57
(0.30) |
6.31
(0.35) |
6.51
(0.38) |
| > 64 |
12.22
(0.77) |
13.33
(0.81) |
12.76
(0.92) |
12.58
(0.85) |
12.83
(0.72) |
12.82
(0.97) |
13.89
(1.09) |
11.29
(0.64) |
12.32
(0.78) |
11.95
(0.80) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
4.72
(0.56) |
5.06
(0.70) |
5.42
(0.68) |
4.78
(0.61) |
5.56
(0.61) |
4.49
(0.49) |
5.13
(0.94) |
3.58
(0.49) |
5.81
(0.73) |
5.56
(0.68) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
5.79
(0.69) |
5.91
(0.61) |
6.67
(0.69) |
6.08
(0.67) |
5.52
(0.66) |
6.04
(0.66) |
5.16
(0.56) |
5.20
(0.52) |
6.12
(0.76) |
5.07
(0.51) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
5.58
(0.38) |
5.81
(0.47) |
5.56
(0.37) |
5.46
(0.41) |
5.93
(0.44) |
5.66
(0.41) |
6.49
(0.59) |
5.50
(0.42) |
5.31
(0.44) |
5.39
(0.44) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
6.59
(0.31) |
7.11
(0.30) |
6.65
(0.47) |
6.64
(0.37) |
6.25
(0.37) |
6.68
(0.49) |
5.92
(0.36) |
5.77
(0.32) |
5.65
(0.36) |
6.02
(0.42) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
5.83
(0.25) |
6.15
(0.26) |
5.89
(0.32) |
5.79
(0.30) |
5.72
(0.27) |
5.74
(0.35) |
4.99
(0.26) |
4.92
(0.25) |
5.23
(0.29) |
5.05
(0.32) |
| Only public |
4.66
(0.78) |
4.23
(0.57) |
4.96
(0.66) |
3.76
(0.51) |
3.92
(0.47) |
3.83
(0.42) |
4.14
(0.66) |
3.89
(0.58) |
3.82
(0.42) |
4.24
(0.49) |
| Neither |
7.74
(0.58) |
8.56
(0.60) |
8.09
(0.63) |
8.48
(0.64) |
8.42
(0.60) |
8.77
(0.84) |
10.34
(0.96) |
8.53
(0.56) |
8.78
(0.78) |
9.55
(0.75) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
5.05
(0.24) |
5.29
(0.23) |
4.94
(0.22) |
4.99
(0.25) |
4.74
(0.26) |
4.95
(0.29) |
4.33
(0.22) |
4.21
(0.22) |
4.20
(0.22) |
4.12
(0.28) |
| Not employed |
9.66
(0.54) |
10.41
(0.59) |
10.50
(0.71) |
9.37
(0.64) |
9.99
(0.61) |
9.60
(0.72) |
10.35
(0.76) |
8.92
(0.52) |
9.76
(0.59) |
10.28
(0.63) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
7.22
(0.66) |
6.74
(0.77) |
6.96
(0.76) |
5.66
(0.80) |
5.43
(0.64) |
7.38
(0.97) |
7.95
(1.27) |
6.46
(0.77) |
7.13
(1.07) |
7.25
(0.78) |
| 12 yrs |
7.01
(0.45) |
7.96
(0.66) |
7.79
(0.72) |
6.79
(0.55) |
6.81
(0.45) |
6.85
(0.51) |
6.49
(0.49) |
6.32
(0.56) |
6.77
(0.57) |
6.49
(0.67) |
| > 12 yrs |
5.59
(0.26) |
5.93
(0.24) |
5.62
(0.27) |
5.90
(0.28) |
5.85
(0.31) |
5.78
(0.37) |
5.60
(0.35) |
5.14
(0.24) |
5.25
(0.27) |
5.36
(0.32) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 30. Percent of total dental procedures — oral surgical; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
3.32
(0.05) |
4.10
(0.16) |
3.72
(0.15) |
3.62
(0.15) |
3.42
(0.16) |
3.46
(0.16) |
3.59
(0.15) |
3.48
(0.12) |
3.46
(0.14) |
3.30
(0.13) |
3.57
(0.17) |
| Sex |
| Male |
3.46
(0.06) |
4.28
(0.26) |
4.10
(0.25) |
3.49
(0.20) |
3.61
(0.21) |
3.58
(0.19) |
3.98
(0.20) |
3.84
(0.19) |
3.61
(0.18) |
3.61
(0.21) |
3.66
(0.28) |
| Female |
3.21
(0.05) |
3.95
(0.19) |
3.43
(0.16) |
3.73
(0.20) |
3.27
(0.22) |
3.37
(0.22) |
3.29
(0.19) |
3.20
(0.14) |
3.33
(0.19) |
3.05
(0.15) |
3.50
(0.19) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
4.18
(0.09) |
5.45
(0.51) |
6.24
(0.63) |
5.41
(0.51) |
4.47
(0.43) |
4.75
(0.39) |
5.32
(0.40) |
5.18
(0.42) |
5.10
(0.41) |
4.26
(0.34) |
4.61
(0.42) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.01
(0.05) |
3.73
(0.18) |
3.23
(0.15) |
3.15
(0.16) |
3.14
(0.17) |
3.15
(0.18) |
3.18
(0.16) |
3.11
(0.13) |
3.05
(0.15) |
2.99
(0.15) |
3.13
(0.16) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.61
(0.17) |
7.51
(0.77) |
7.23
(0.70) |
8.21
(0.74) |
5.99
(0.67) |
5.41
(0.67) |
6.74
(0.65) |
5.76
(0.46) |
6.46
(0.58) |
5.27
(0.54) |
6.71
(1.31) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
3.38
(0.13) |
4.46
(0.79) |
4.19
(0.62) |
3.10
(0.75) |
3.07
(0.64) |
4.86
(0.79) |
3.46
(0.57) |
3.94
(0.42) |
3.46
(0.49) |
3.66
(0.45) |
3.99
(0.47) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
2.26
(0.04) |
2.98
(0.23) |
2.29
(0.15) |
2.24
(0.19) |
2.44
(0.18) |
2.35
(0.18) |
2.50
(0.17) |
2.58
(0.16) |
2.45
(0.16) |
2.22
(0.14) |
2.55
(0.20) |
| 21-64 |
3.79
(0.06) |
4.58
(0.22) |
4.43
(0.21) |
4.05
(0.22) |
3.79
(0.20) |
3.92
(0.27) |
3.99
(0.21) |
3.93
(0.17) |
3.90
(0.21) |
3.80
(0.19) |
3.91
(0.26) |
| > 64 |
3.89
(0.10) |
4.79
(0.47) |
4.16
(0.44) |
5.25
(0.52) |
4.14
(0.49) |
4.32
(0.41) |
4.43
(0.36) |
3.73
(0.33) |
4.01
(0.35) |
3.90
(0.36) |
4.55
(0.38) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
6.32
(0.15) |
7.82
(0.71) |
6.99
(0.73) |
7.09
(0.63) |
6.75
(0.77) |
6.62
(0.81) |
7.22
(0.60) |
6.80
(0.58) |
6.73
(0.52) |
6.36
(0.47) |
6.51
(0.68) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
5.46
(0.13) |
6.49
(0.56) |
6.38
(0.47) |
7.36
(0.67) |
6.06
(0.66) |
5.68
(0.73) |
5.63
(0.46) |
5.91
(0.45) |
6.43
(0.61) |
6.19
(0.60) |
6.52
(0.91) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
3.52
(0.07) |
3.90
(0.27) |
3.75
(0.24) |
3.73
(0.27) |
3.63
(0.26) |
3.84
(0.29) |
3.89
(0.27) |
3.75
(0.21) |
3.69
(0.23) |
3.31
(0.20) |
3.67
(0.25) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.28
(0.04) |
3.03
(0.20) |
2.60
(0.16) |
2.37
(0.19) |
2.38
(0.19) |
2.36
(0.15) |
2.56
(0.16) |
2.44
(0.13) |
2.29
(0.14) |
2.27
(0.16) |
2.43
(0.17) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.66
(0.04) |
3.37
(0.17) |
2.95
(0.14) |
2.76
(0.15) |
2.76
(0.17) |
2.73
(0.16) |
3.01
(0.16) |
2.80
(0.12) |
2.87
(0.15) |
2.68
(0.13) |
3.02
(0.20) |
| Only public |
5.85
(0.15) |
9.35
(0.88) |
7.38
(0.61) |
7.76
(0.76) |
8.76
(1.11) |
7.66
(1.22) |
6.92
(0.68) |
6.66
(0.48) |
6.85
(0.53) |
5.96
(0.42) |
5.53
(0.57) |
| Neither |
4.56
(0.10) |
5.06
(0.36) |
5.37
(0.41) |
5.31
(0.42) |
4.22
(0.32) |
4.65
(0.36) |
4.56
(0.30) |
4.81
(0.30) |
4.26
(0.29) |
4.48
(0.42) |
4.76
(0.32) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
2.95
(0.04) |
3.75
(0.17) |
3.46
(0.16) |
3.06
(0.15) |
3.06
(0.15) |
3.05
(0.16) |
3.26
(0.15) |
3.19
(0.12) |
3.12
(0.15) |
2.97
(0.14) |
3.12
(0.19) |
| Not employed |
4.54
(0.09) |
5.32
(0.40) |
4.69
(0.29) |
5.76
(0.41) |
4.80
(0.42) |
5.01
(0.50) |
4.77
(0.33) |
4.52
(0.31) |
4.62
(0.30) |
4.47
(0.35) |
5.02
(0.33) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
7.71
(0.18) |
9.61
(0.70) |
8.67
(0.63) |
10.36
(0.92) |
8.33
(0.80) |
8.36
(0.86) |
8.04
(0.51) |
8.18
(0.57) |
8.37
(0.57) |
8.18
(0.52) |
8.21
(0.69) |
| 12 yrs |
4.47
(0.08) |
5.29
(0.33) |
4.54
(0.26) |
4.74
(0.33) |
4.49
(0.27) |
4.07
(0.25) |
4.61
(0.31) |
4.25
(0.23) |
4.19
(0.23) |
4.25
(0.38) |
4.51
(0.44) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.43
(0.04) |
2.79
(0.16) |
2.80
(0.17) |
2.49
(0.16) |
2.25
(0.15) |
2.46
(0.18) |
2.48
(0.15) |
2.50
(0.12) |
2.54
(0.15) |
2.33
(0.12) |
2.58
(0.15) |
Table 30. Percent of total dental procedures — oral surgical; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
3.11
(0.14) |
3.10
(0.12) |
3.16
(0.13) |
3.10
(0.14) |
3.01
(0.13) |
2.91
(0.12) |
3.05
(0.14) |
3.23
(0.14) |
3.03
(0.14) |
3.19
(0.13) |
| Sex |
| Male |
3.20
(0.20) |
3.32
(0.19) |
3.22
(0.18) |
3.13
(0.20) |
3.07
(0.17) |
3.11
(0.17) |
3.01
(0.17) |
3.15
(0.20) |
3.11
(0.18) |
3.38
(0.20) |
| Female |
3.04
(0.16) |
2.93
(0.14) |
3.11
(0.17) |
3.07
(0.18) |
2.97
(0.17) |
2.75
(0.15) |
3.09
(0.18) |
3.30
(0.19) |
2.96
(0.17) |
3.03
(0.15) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
4.21
(0.29) |
4.09
(0.39) |
3.98
(0.35) |
3.81
(0.26) |
3.76
(0.32) |
3.61
(0.29) |
3.26
(0.23) |
3.43
(0.28) |
3.01
(0.24) |
3.49
(0.25) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
2.76
(0.16) |
2.84
(0.14) |
2.89
(0.16) |
2.85
(0.17) |
2.72
(0.16) |
2.62
(0.14) |
2.82
(0.16) |
3.04
(0.18) |
2.85
(0.17) |
2.95
(0.16) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
6.07
(0.41) |
4.48
(0.39) |
5.21
(0.38) |
5.34
(0.50) |
5.01
(0.40) |
4.64
(0.35) |
4.67
(0.44) |
4.77
(0.29) |
4.07
(0.34) |
4.51
(0.35) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
2.52
(0.38) |
3.17
(0.44) |
2.86
(0.38) |
2.38
(0.33) |
2.83
(0.32) |
2.94
(0.43) |
3.50
(0.41) |
3.22
(0.33) |
3.63
(0.48) |
3.59
(0.49) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
2.16
(0.14) |
2.25
(0.15) |
2.07
(0.18) |
2.11
(0.14) |
2.01
(0.17) |
2.17
(0.18) |
2.05
(0.15) |
2.10
(0.16) |
1.78
(0.15) |
2.05
(0.15) |
| 21-64 |
3.54
(0.21) |
3.43
(0.18) |
3.53
(0.17) |
3.50
(0.19) |
3.45
(0.18) |
3.30
(0.16) |
3.62
(0.23) |
3.84
(0.22) |
3.49
(0.19) |
3.91
(0.23) |
| > 64 |
3.63
(0.32) |
3.70
(0.33) |
3.96
(0.41) |
3.72
(0.42) |
3.63
(0.39) |
3.08
(0.28) |
3.27
(0.29) |
3.62
(0.35) |
3.94
(0.34) |
3.10
(0.26) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
6.69
(0.57) |
5.84
(0.54) |
6.05
(0.54) |
4.78
(0.44) |
5.72
(0.44) |
5.60
(0.50) |
5.74
(0.45) |
6.02
(0.49) |
5.80
(0.53) |
6.62
(0.60) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
4.83
(0.37) |
5.39
(0.40) |
5.13
(0.44) |
5.05
(0.53) |
4.88
(0.42) |
3.77
(0.33) |
4.88
(0.39) |
4.59
(0.39) |
4.58
(0.42) |
4.92
(0.45) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
3.31
(0.21) |
3.20
(0.21) |
3.18
(0.22) |
3.40
(0.26) |
3.33
(0.23) |
3.26
(0.24) |
3.33
(0.29) |
3.35
(0.25) |
3.37
(0.29) |
3.50
(0.27) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
2.19
(0.17) |
2.22
(0.14) |
2.27
(0.17) |
2.19
(0.15) |
1.89
(0.15) |
1.98
(0.14) |
1.95
(0.17) |
2.34
(0.19) |
2.03
(0.15) |
2.08
(0.14) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
2.50
(0.14) |
2.50
(0.13) |
2.60
(0.15) |
2.47
(0.14) |
2.41
(0.13) |
2.27
(0.13) |
2.30
(0.14) |
2.51
(0.16) |
2.40
(0.15) |
2.43
(0.14) |
| Only public |
5.91
(0.45) |
5.54
(0.47) |
5.25
(0.50) |
4.90
(0.43) |
4.57
(0.36) |
4.98
(0.36) |
5.25
(0.50) |
4.72
(0.44) |
4.73
(0.36) |
5.52
(0.36) |
| Neither |
4.17
(0.33) |
4.14
(0.26) |
4.23
(0.34) |
4.53
(0.32) |
4.35
(0.37) |
3.95
(0.32) |
4.47
(0.32) |
4.99
(0.42) |
4.33
(0.35) |
4.43
(0.33) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
2.81
(0.15) |
2.78
(0.13) |
2.88
(0.13) |
2.62
(0.13) |
2.59
(0.13) |
2.58
(0.13) |
2.74
(0.16) |
2.83
(0.15) |
2.50
(0.14) |
2.77
(0.13) |
| Not employed |
4.18
(0.25) |
4.19
(0.27) |
4.06
(0.31) |
4.55
(0.31) |
4.35
(0.31) |
3.89
(0.27) |
3.93
(0.24) |
4.38
(0.31) |
4.54
(0.30) |
4.40
(0.30) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
7.48
(0.49) |
6.07
(0.46) |
6.41
(0.63) |
6.90
(0.50) |
7.34
(0.67) |
6.32
(0.66) |
6.64
(0.58) |
6.45
(0.62) |
5.72
(0.60) |
7.18
(0.64) |
| 12 yrs |
4.23
(0.31) |
4.22
(0.27) |
4.11
(0.31) |
4.15
(0.32) |
4.23
(0.30) |
4.25
(0.29) |
5.01
(0.41) |
5.19
(0.36) |
4.65
(0.37) |
4.82
(0.32) |
| > 12 yrs |
2.20
(0.15) |
2.36
(0.12) |
2.46
(0.14) |
2.34
(0.14) |
2.27
(0.14) |
2.25
(0.13) |
2.26
(0.13) |
2.51
(0.14) |
2.44
(0.13) |
2.44
(0.14) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 31. Percent of total dental procedures — orthodontic; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
6.04
(0.11) |
6.83
(0.46) |
6.83
(0.40) |
6.63
(0.45) |
6.81
(0.39) |
7.13
(0.42) |
6.76
(0.38) |
6.21
(0.31) |
6.00
(0.31) |
6.85
(0.35) |
5.87
(0.31) |
| Sex |
| Male |
5.58
(0.15) |
6.80
(0.71) |
5.36
(0.49) |
5.46
(0.57) |
6.18
(0.50) |
6.61
(0.53) |
6.47
(0.51) |
5.72
(0.47) |
5.53
(0.42) |
6.77
(0.54) |
6.15
(0.51) |
| Female |
6.40
(0.14) |
6.85
(0.55) |
7.96
(0.57) |
7.53
(0.60) |
7.29
(0.53) |
7.53
(0.55) |
6.99
(0.49) |
6.59
(0.39) |
6.37
(0.44) |
6.91
(0.46) |
5.64
(0.39) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
7.71
(0.28) |
7.22
(1.05) |
6.12
(1.02) |
5.98
(0.98) |
6.15
(1.11) |
7.74
(1.06) |
5.38
(0.74) |
7.37
(1.03) |
7.70
(1.11) |
9.40
(1.30) |
9.21
(1.16) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
5.79
(0.12) |
6.68
(0.51) |
6.78
(0.44) |
6.67
(0.52) |
7.05
(0.45) |
7.24
(0.47) |
7.12
(0.44) |
6.00
(0.35) |
5.83
(0.34) |
6.64
(0.40) |
5.25
(0.34) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.46
(0.29) |
5.45
(1.20) |
5.80
(1.12) |
5.59
(1.31) |
5.34
(1.22) |
5.08
(1.20) |
3.45
(0.72) |
5.16
(0.98) |
4.53
(0.76) |
6.69
(1.49) |
6.69
(1.46) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
7.56
(0.44) |
11.49
(3.32) |
11.41
(2.62) |
9.07
(2.80) |
4.93
(1.47) |
7.37
(2.23) |
7.50
(1.71) |
9.11
(1.53) |
7.84
(1.52) |
6.31
(1.09) |
8.01
(1.37) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
16.10
(0.26) |
18.87
(1.17) |
19.13
(0.99) |
18.17
(1.04) |
18.78
(1.02) |
18.97
(1.03) |
18.98
(0.97) |
17.05
(0.77) |
15.10
(0.75) |
18.00
(0.89) |
15.72
(0.81) |
| 21-64 |
1.74
(0.07) |
1.56
(0.31) |
1.48
(0.32) |
1.52
(0.30) |
1.76
(0.29) |
1.72
(0.26) |
1.63
(0.24) |
1.56
(0.22) |
2.15
(0.26) |
1.77
(0.21) |
1.70
(0.24) |
| > 64 |
0.18
(0.03) |
0.10
(0.06) |
0.02
(0.01) |
0.24
(0.20) |
0.00
(0.00) |
0.15
(0.11) |
0.04
(0.01) |
0.17
(0.09) |
0.25
(0.20) |
0.22
(0.15) |
0.08
(0.04) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
4.83
(0.25) |
5.01
(1.19) |
6.01
(1.26) |
3.42
(1.01) |
3.67
(0.92) |
6.02
(1.52) |
3.99
(0.92) |
2.44
(0.52) |
4.62
(0.97) |
4.21
(0.88) |
5.32
(1.12) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
5.36
(0.23) |
4.85
(1.13) |
5.18
(0.84) |
3.82
(0.81) |
5.22
(1.44) |
5.70
(0.96) |
5.65
(0.92) |
4.28
(0.69) |
4.99
(0.70) |
5.34
(0.80) |
4.78
(0.85) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
6.84
(0.18) |
7.47
(0.81) |
7.39
(0.78) |
6.91
(0.79) |
7.80
(0.70) |
8.55
(0.77) |
6.73
(0.60) |
7.29
(0.53) |
6.84
(0.61) |
6.47
(0.63) |
6.93
(0.64) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
5.91
(0.14) |
7.16
(0.72) |
6.95
(0.58) |
7.44
(0.61) |
6.93
(0.57) |
6.72
(0.56) |
7.34
(0.56) |
6.44
(0.45) |
5.92
(0.45) |
7.75
(0.53) |
5.57
(0.42) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
6.55
(0.12) |
7.65
(0.53) |
7.46
(0.49) |
7.11
(0.54) |
7.52
(0.51) |
7.79
(0.47) |
7.31
(0.45) |
6.63
(0.36) |
6.46
(0.37) |
7.27
(0.41) |
6.44
(0.39) |
| Only public |
5.89
(0.28) |
3.15
(0.78) |
5.13
(1.09) |
2.88
(0.71) |
2.79
(0.76) |
4.19
(0.97) |
5.03
(1.23) |
3.85
(0.69) |
4.29
(0.66) |
5.47
(0.91) |
5.65
(1.00) |
| Neither |
4.26
(0.19) |
5.19
(0.81) |
5.16
(0.67) |
6.11
(0.99) |
5.49
(0.77) |
5.82
(0.79) |
5.42
(0.78) |
5.52
(0.64) |
4.98
(0.61) |
5.86
(0.84) |
3.79
(0.51) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
7.08
(0.12) |
7.89
(0.56) |
7.94
(0.48) |
7.89
(0.54) |
8.00
(0.47) |
8.45
(0.52) |
8.05
(0.46) |
7.35
(0.37) |
7.08
(0.38) |
7.94
(0.43) |
6.93
(0.38) |
| Not employed |
2.62
(0.13) |
3.06
(0.68) |
2.77
(0.44) |
1.84
(0.38) |
2.18
(0.46) |
2.22
(0.48) |
2.12
(0.35) |
2.25
(0.31) |
2.25
(0.39) |
2.99
(0.47) |
2.41
(0.36) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
4.04
(0.24) |
3.14
(0.72) |
1.70
(0.41) |
1.43
(0.34) |
4.33
(0.98) |
3.17
(0.70) |
3.26
(0.66) |
3.42
(0.67) |
3.05
(0.52) |
3.18
(0.62) |
4.42
(0.98) |
| 12 yrs |
4.53
(0.16) |
4.11
(0.50) |
5.37
(0.60) |
5.15
(0.87) |
3.99
(0.53) |
5.36
(0.63) |
4.49
(0.52) |
4.83
(0.49) |
4.02
(0.45) |
5.23
(0.68) |
4.21
(0.55) |
| > 12 yrs |
6.80
(0.13) |
8.56
(0.64) |
8.03
(0.54) |
7.75
(0.54) |
8.36
(0.55) |
8.47
(0.54) |
8.29
(0.54) |
7.18
(0.42) |
7.21
(0.43) |
7.92
(0.45) |
6.74
(0.41) |
Table 31. Percent of total dental procedures — orthodontic; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
6.04
(0.33) |
5.46
(0.31) |
5.38
(0.31) |
5.41
(0.35) |
5.36
(0.40) |
5.25
(0.35) |
5.23
(0.33) |
5.68
(0.32) |
6.29
(0.41) |
5.11
(0.35) |
| Sex |
| Male |
5.82
(0.51) |
4.68
(0.43) |
4.77
(0.42) |
5.58
(0.47) |
5.34
(0.55) |
4.77
(0.48) |
4.51
(0.45) |
5.80
(0.49) |
5.44
(0.58) |
4.12
(0.36) |
| Female |
6.21
(0.40) |
6.07
(0.45) |
5.86
(0.44) |
5.27
(0.40) |
5.38
(0.47) |
5.63
(0.49) |
5.81
(0.43) |
5.59
(0.43) |
6.99
(0.55) |
5.93
(0.54) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
7.06
(0.98) |
7.40
(0.97) |
8.22
(0.91) |
8.51
(0.88) |
7.13
(0.92) |
8.38
(0.84) |
9.11
(1.03) |
8.24
(0.79) |
8.17
(0.78) |
6.99
(0.76) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
5.78
(0.37) |
4.90
(0.32) |
4.86
(0.38) |
4.96
(0.39) |
5.05
(0.44) |
4.56
(0.44) |
4.47
(0.42) |
5.24
(0.39) |
6.00
(0.53) |
4.48
(0.47) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
5.17
(0.84) |
5.53
(0.95) |
6.44
(0.94) |
5.16
(0.76) |
4.68
(0.60) |
6.55
(0.90) |
4.94
(0.74) |
5.05
(0.79) |
5.08
(0.79) |
6.55
(1.01) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
8.92
(1.93) |
9.67
(1.87) |
6.22
(1.09) |
6.45
(1.12) |
6.93
(1.81) |
6.04
(1.18) |
7.59
(1.03) |
6.84
(0.89) |
7.46
(1.03) |
6.33
(0.93) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
15.98
(0.82) |
14.73
(0.80) |
14.45
(0.78) |
14.12
(0.78) |
14.47
(1.01) |
13.90
(0.89) |
13.11
(0.88) |
14.52
(0.74) |
15.37
(0.85) |
13.74
(0.92) |
| 21-64 |
1.73
(0.25) |
1.64
(0.24) |
1.88
(0.27) |
1.75
(0.27) |
1.32
(0.21) |
1.57
(0.23) |
1.98
(0.24) |
1.75
(0.24) |
2.67
(0.46) |
1.54
(0.21) |
| > 64 |
0.12
(0.05) |
0.17
(0.10) |
0.22
(0.13) |
0.14
(0.14) |
0.06
(0.03) |
0.22
(0.09) |
0.02
(0.02) |
0.26
(0.12) |
0.25
(0.12) |
0.55
(0.28) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
5.94
(1.14) |
5.73
(0.95) |
5.63
(1.23) |
4.72
(0.90) |
3.65
(0.54) |
5.16
(0.82) |
5.56
(0.86) |
6.30
(0.98) |
4.79
(0.96) |
4.02
(0.64) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
4.52
(0.63) |
6.05
(1.00) |
4.77
(0.70) |
6.12
(0.88) |
5.05
(0.70) |
5.40
(0.67) |
5.08
(0.66) |
6.76
(0.80) |
6.69
(0.97) |
5.98
(0.91) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
7.97
(0.76) |
5.93
(0.65) |
7.10
(0.69) |
6.71
(0.68) |
5.51
(0.58) |
6.24
(0.72) |
5.80
(0.53) |
5.84
(0.63) |
7.59
(0.93) |
5.54
(0.62) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
5.29
(0.44) |
5.06
(0.46) |
4.49
(0.43) |
4.60
(0.46) |
5.65
(0.68) |
4.63
(0.44) |
4.88
(0.51) |
5.20
(0.49) |
5.81
(0.47) |
4.84
(0.47) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
6.90
(0.43) |
5.93
(0.40) |
6.13
(0.38) |
5.62
(0.40) |
5.74
(0.51) |
5.59
(0.44) |
5.35
(0.39) |
5.94
(0.40) |
6.65
(0.43) |
5.64
(0.43) |
| Only public |
6.64
(0.88) |
7.84
(1.20) |
5.37
(1.17) |
5.86
(0.83) |
6.43
(0.84) |
6.35
(0.72) |
7.60
(0.90) |
7.26
(0.72) |
7.60
(0.85) |
6.54
(0.90) |
| Neither |
2.32
(0.38) |
2.76
(0.57) |
2.71
(0.48) |
4.31
(0.61) |
3.23
(0.59) |
3.40
(0.65) |
3.39
(0.52) |
3.61
(0.51) |
3.74
(1.25) |
1.74
(0.29) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
7.00
(0.39) |
6.14
(0.36) |
6.34
(0.38) |
6.38
(0.43) |
6.18
(0.47) |
6.08
(0.43) |
6.23
(0.40) |
6.45
(0.38) |
7.09
(0.41) |
6.26
(0.46) |
| Not employed |
2.69
(0.45) |
3.20
(0.50) |
2.24
(0.42) |
2.47
(0.40) |
2.78
(0.48) |
2.75
(0.44) |
2.43
(0.34) |
3.52
(0.52) |
3.99
(0.84) |
1.73
(0.29) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
4.83
(0.93) |
4.95
(0.93) |
4.32
(1.03) |
5.21
(1.13) |
5.15
(1.13) |
4.68
(0.79) |
5.54
(1.35) |
5.85
(0.96) |
6.12
(0.94) |
4.34
(0.75) |
| 12 yrs |
4.31
(0.53) |
4.82
(0.67) |
5.26
(0.67) |
4.10
(0.55) |
3.78
(0.47) |
3.81
(0.55) |
4.00
(0.52) |
4.29
(0.53) |
5.82
(1.19) |
3.45
(0.55) |
| > 12 yrs |
6.84
(0.45) |
5.75
(0.40) |
5.54
(0.37) |
5.86
(0.40) |
5.82
(0.51) |
5.70
(0.44) |
5.53
(0.38) |
6.00
(0.39) |
6.43
(0.40) |
5.63
(0.41) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
Table 32. Percent of total dental procedures — other; 1996—2015
| |
Mean Annual
1996-2015 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Overall |
3.56
(0.05) |
4.42
(0.20) |
4.59
(0.17) |
4.02
(0.21) |
4.12
(0.20) |
4.00
(0.20) |
4.04
(0.16) |
3.60
(0.13) |
3.63
(0.19) |
3.65
(0.16) |
3.47
(0.15) |
| Sex |
| Male |
3.35
(0.06) |
3.91
(0.27) |
4.34
(0.27) |
4.21
(0.34) |
3.95
(0.26) |
3.43
(0.21) |
3.68
(0.20) |
3.27
(0.18) |
3.38
(0.24) |
3.83
(0.23) |
3.26
(0.22) |
| Female |
3.73
(0.07) |
4.83
(0.26) |
4.78
(0.23) |
3.88
(0.22) |
4.26
(0.28) |
4.44
(0.28) |
4.32
(0.21) |
3.86
(0.19) |
3.83
(0.27) |
3.51
(0.19) |
3.64
(0.18) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
3.35
(0.12) |
4.43
(0.53) |
4.94
(0.51) |
4.18
(0.55) |
5.65
(0.78) |
4.52
(0.51) |
4.49
(0.52) |
3.40
(0.38) |
3.36
(0.43) |
3.43
(0.46) |
3.21
(0.43) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.60
(0.06) |
4.43
(0.22) |
4.60
(0.18) |
4.05
(0.23) |
4.09
(0.22) |
3.98
(0.23) |
3.90
(0.17) |
3.59
(0.15) |
3.66
(0.23) |
3.61
(0.18) |
3.53
(0.18) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
3.69
(0.12) |
5.03
(0.73) |
3.51
(0.46) |
4.03
(0.58) |
3.69
(0.54) |
4.44
(0.57) |
4.46
(0.55) |
4.08
(0.45) |
3.49
(0.39) |
4.50
(0.72) |
3.70
(0.56) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
3.17
(0.14) |
3.16
(0.73) |
5.62
(1.40) |
2.99
(0.97) |
2.94
(0.74) |
2.75
(0.77) |
5.48
(1.36) |
3.53
(0.55) |
3.66
(0.56) |
3.54
(0.47) |
2.84
(0.35) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
1.03
(0.03) |
1.44
(0.20) |
1.36
(0.18) |
0.99
(0.13) |
1.19
(0.20) |
1.27
(0.19) |
1.33
(0.14) |
0.96
(0.09) |
1.06
(0.11) |
0.99
(0.12) |
1.14
(0.12) |
| 21-64 |
4.78
(0.08) |
5.86
(0.28) |
6.20
(0.25) |
5.62
(0.32) |
5.44
(0.28) |
5.25
(0.31) |
5.39
(0.25) |
4.92
(0.20) |
4.97
(0.29) |
5.04
(0.25) |
4.62
(0.23) |
| > 64 |
4.53
(0.12) |
5.45
(0.47) |
5.47
(0.48) |
4.59
(0.57) |
5.46
(0.61) |
5.63
(0.49) |
4.64
(0.40) |
4.26
(0.36) |
4.11
(0.59) |
4.48
(0.39) |
4.19
(0.40) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
3.14
(0.11) |
3.55
(0.52) |
3.80
(0.54) |
4.56
(0.73) |
4.54
(0.71) |
4.02
(0.76) |
4.95
(0.64) |
3.45
(0.41) |
3.30
(0.45) |
4.06
(0.56) |
3.47
(0.44) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
3.65
(0.12) |
4.88
(0.69) |
4.76
(0.64) |
4.22
(0.56) |
4.40
(0.60) |
4.00
(0.55) |
4.65
(0.64) |
3.03
(0.29) |
3.95
(0.44) |
3.66
(0.62) |
3.44
(0.40) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
3.43
(0.07) |
4.33
(0.30) |
4.59
(0.29) |
3.65
(0.33) |
3.73
(0.31) |
3.49
(0.31) |
3.54
(0.26) |
3.50
(0.24) |
3.20
(0.26) |
3.36
(0.27) |
3.92
(0.31) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
3.68
(0.07) |
4.49
(0.29) |
4.66
(0.25) |
4.14
(0.30) |
4.25
(0.27) |
4.31
(0.27) |
4.10
(0.22) |
3.80
(0.20) |
3.84
(0.31) |
3.76
(0.21) |
3.22
(0.18) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
3.59
(0.06) |
4.47
(0.24) |
4.63
(0.21) |
3.83
(0.24) |
3.92
(0.22) |
3.97
(0.21) |
4.00
(0.18) |
3.70
(0.16) |
3.72
(0.22) |
3.67
(0.18) |
3.59
(0.18) |
| Only public |
2.39
(0.11) |
3.48
(0.74) |
3.20
(0.44) |
3.06
(0.52) |
4.81
(0.83) |
3.82
(0.98) |
4.35
(0.87) |
2.72
(0.31) |
2.44
(0.30) |
2.52
(0.40) |
2.64
(0.38) |
| Neither |
3.99
(0.10) |
4.48
(0.39) |
4.81
(0.39) |
4.96
(0.49) |
4.62
(0.44) |
4.15
(0.46) |
4.09
(0.29) |
3.58
(0.26) |
3.75
(0.43) |
4.08
(0.45) |
3.42
(0.29) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.33
(0.05) |
4.25
(0.21) |
4.35
(0.19) |
3.97
(0.24) |
3.92
(0.21) |
3.62
(0.20) |
3.64
(0.16) |
3.52
(0.14) |
3.41
(0.21) |
3.47
(0.17) |
3.29
(0.16) |
| Not employed |
4.32
(0.10) |
5.02
(0.43) |
5.45
(0.37) |
4.23
(0.40) |
4.92
(0.45) |
5.42
(0.49) |
5.49
(0.41) |
3.91
(0.31) |
4.39
(0.38) |
4.29
(0.33) |
4.07
(0.32) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
3.74
(0.14) |
4.77
(0.64) |
5.19
(0.54) |
4.64
(0.62) |
5.45
(0.60) |
5.08
(0.76) |
3.85
(0.46) |
3.14
(0.27) |
3.42
(0.50) |
4.40
(0.44) |
3.74
(0.45) |
| 12 yrs |
3.82
(0.09) |
4.90
(0.36) |
4.36
(0.28) |
4.34
(0.38) |
4.79
(0.39) |
4.00
(0.34) |
4.78
(0.33) |
3.88
(0.24) |
3.93
(0.48) |
3.82
(0.32) |
3.60
(0.28) |
| > 12 yrs |
3.45
(0.06) |
4.15
(0.25) |
4.61
(0.22) |
3.85
(0.25) |
3.67
(0.24) |
3.85
(0.24) |
3.75
(0.20) |
3.56
(0.16) |
3.53
(0.20) |
3.50
(0.19) |
3.39
(0.18) |
Table 32. Percent of total dental procedures — other; 1996—2015, continued
| |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
| Overall |
3.47
(0.15) |
3.58
(0.14) |
3.27
(0.15) |
3.52
(0.17) |
3.15
(0.18) |
2.76
(0.13) |
2.86
(0.13) |
3.32
(0.17) |
2.99
(0.15) |
3.08
(0.14) |
| Sex |
| Male |
3.17
(0.21) |
3.35
(0.20) |
3.04
(0.23) |
3.02
(0.20) |
2.82
(0.23) |
2.72
(0.19) |
2.76
(0.18) |
3.21
(0.24) |
2.83
(0.20) |
3.10
(0.19) |
| Female |
3.71
(0.21) |
3.76
(0.19) |
3.45
(0.21) |
3.92
(0.26) |
3.41
(0.24) |
2.79
(0.19) |
2.94
(0.19) |
3.41
(0.22) |
3.12
(0.21) |
3.07
(0.18) |
| Race/ethnicity |
| Hispanic |
3.20
(0.39) |
4.01
(0.58) |
2.89
(0.30) |
3.28
(0.59) |
2.23
(0.32) |
3.01
(0.36) |
2.25
(0.26) |
2.61
(0.28) |
3.13
(0.36) |
2.56
(0.23) |
| Non-Hispanic White |
3.50
(0.18) |
3.50
(0.16) |
3.39
(0.19) |
3.63
(0.21) |
3.35
(0.21) |
2.66
(0.15) |
2.84
(0.16) |
3.45
(0.22) |
2.95
(0.18) |
3.24
(0.17) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
3.49
(0.30) |
4.27
(0.47) |
2.94
(0.34) |
3.71
(0.37) |
3.02
(0.42) |
3.61
(0.47) |
3.31
(0.59) |
2.81
(0.28) |
3.65
(0.45) |
2.82
(0.38) |
| Non-Hispanic Other |
3.38
(0.77) |
3.10
(0.47) |
2.70
(0.53) |
2.37
(0.41) |
2.39
(0.46) |
2.46
(0.32) |
3.55
(0.43) |
3.63
(0.54) |
2.61
(0.35) |
2.79
(0.37) |
| Age category |
| < 21 |
1.12
(0.12) |
1.15
(0.14) |
0.97
(0.10) |
1.07
(0.13) |
0.69
(0.10) |
0.88
(0.11) |
0.79
(0.09) |
0.93
(0.11) |
0.80
(0.10) |
0.63
(0.08) |
| 21-64 |
4.56
(0.22) |
4.59
(0.21) |
4.25
(0.22) |
4.84
(0.30) |
4.09
(0.24) |
3.69
(0.20) |
3.95
(0.21) |
4.50
(0.26) |
3.83
(0.22) |
4.06
(0.21) |
| > 64 |
4.59
(0.47) |
4.93
(0.43) |
4.23
(0.50) |
3.94
(0.36) |
5.09
(0.54) |
3.45
(0.35) |
3.50
(0.43) |
4.43
(0.44) |
4.55
(0.38) |
4.47
(0.34) |
| Poverty level |
| Poor (<100% FPL) |
3.08
(0.44) |
2.45
(0.37) |
2.55
(0.39) |
3.00
(0.39) |
2.07
(0.29) |
2.24
(0.33) |
1.66
(0.25) |
2.73
(0.40) |
2.39
(0.34) |
2.91
(0.36) |
| Low (100-199% FPL) |
3.04
(0.37) |
3.79
(0.49) |
3.29
(0.41) |
3.69
(0.59) |
2.84
(0.45) |
2.94
(0.31) |
2.78
(0.35) |
3.91
(0.59) |
3.57
(0.49) |
2.85
(0.35) |
| Mid (200-399% FPL) |
3.39
(0.30) |
3.51
(0.26) |
2.93
(0.29) |
3.44
(0.30) |
2.83
(0.30) |
2.81
(0.26) |
2.93
(0.21) |
3.20
(0.26) |
2.85
(0.23) |
3.13
(0.27) |
| High (400%+ FPL) |
3.65
(0.21) |
3.72
(0.21) |
3.56
(0.23) |
3.61
(0.22) |
3.58
(0.26) |
2.77
(0.19) |
3.05
(0.24) |
3.31
(0.22) |
3.03
(0.22) |
3.14
(0.20) |
| Dental insurance |
| Some private |
3.49
(0.18) |
3.54
(0.17) |
3.17
(0.17) |
3.71
(0.21) |
3.32
(0.20) |
2.88
(0.16) |
2.91
(0.16) |
3.37
(0.20) |
3.09
(0.19) |
3.06
(0.18) |
| Only public |
2.45
(0.36) |
2.03
(0.25) |
2.10
(0.31) |
2.60
(0.56) |
1.79
(0.29) |
1.92
(0.26) |
1.46
(0.17) |
1.49
(0.20) |
1.75
(0.19) |
1.93
(0.24) |
| Neither |
3.89
(0.37) |
4.41
(0.38) |
4.15
(0.39) |
3.29
(0.31) |
3.35
(0.42) |
2.84
(0.29) |
3.51
(0.32) |
4.37
(0.44) |
3.55
(0.36) |
4.12
(0.36) |
| Employed |
| Employed |
3.18
(0.17) |
3.39
(0.16) |
3.03
(0.17) |
3.30
(0.20) |
2.74
(0.17) |
2.56
(0.15) |
2.54
(0.14) |
3.14
(0.18) |
2.79
(0.16) |
2.70
(0.15) |
| Not employed |
4.49
(0.36) |
4.22
(0.34) |
4.07
(0.35) |
4.18
(0.33) |
4.43
(0.42) |
3.35
(0.27) |
3.76
(0.33) |
3.84
(0.35) |
3.59
(0.29) |
4.22
(0.32) |
| Education level |
| < 12 yrs |
3.72
(0.45) |
3.59
(0.55) |
2.86
(0.44) |
2.89
(0.58) |
2.55
(0.60) |
2.99
(0.44) |
2.29
(0.35) |
3.20
(0.47) |
2.88
(0.56) |
3.00
(0.55) |
| 12 yrs |
3.47
(0.26) |
3.89
(0.32) |
3.02
(0.26) |
3.64
(0.33) |
3.59
(0.42) |
2.93
(0.28) |
3.06
(0.27) |
3.51
(0.44) |
3.07
(0.26) |
2.90
(0.30) |
| > 12 yrs |
3.45
(0.19) |
3.48
(0.17) |
3.40
(0.19) |
3.54
(0.21) |
3.08
(0.19) |
2.70
(0.15) |
2.85
(0.15) |
3.28
(0.19) |
2.99
(0.17) |
3.12
(0.16) |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996—2015.
_^top
The data used in this report were obtained from interviews conducted as part of the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 1996 through 2015. MEPS is a nationally representative ongoing annual survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. MEPS collects detailed information on health care use and expenditures (including sources of payment), health insurance, health status, access, and quality. It also collects detailed demographic and economic information on the persons and households surveyed. More information about MEPS can be found at http://www.meps.ahrq.gov. For a detailed description of the survey and its methodology, also see J. Cohen (1997), S. Cohen (2003) and Ezzati-Rice et al. (2008).
Survey Design
Each year, the MEPS sample is drawn from households that completed the prior year’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Households selected for participation in the 1996 MEPS, for example, completed interviews in the 1995 NHIS, the 1997 MEPS sample was drawn from the 1996 NHIS, and so on. MEPS collects data in an overlapping panel design. Each household completes five interviews (“rounds” of data collection) over a period of two-and-a-half years, providing data for two full calendar years of estimates. Data from Rounds 1, 2, and 3 provide information for the first year of estimation, and data from Rounds 3, 4, and 5 provide data for the second year of estimates. For example, estimates for 2015 are derived from combining Rounds 3, 4, and 5 of the 2014 panel and Rounds 1, 2, and 3 of the 2015 panel. An exception is 1996, when the MEPS longitudinal data collection was initiated. For that year, a single panel’s data were used for estimation. In MEPS, a single respondent provides most of the information to an interviewer using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). In addition to the CAPI interview, beginning in 2000, limited data have been collected using a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ).
Definitions
Estimates of the total population in Tables 1 through 6 are based on the total US noninstitutionalized civilian
population. Estimates of dental visits, expenses and procedures are based on the total population with a dental
visit.
Dental Visit
This refers to care by or visits to any type of dental care provider, including general dentists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, dental surgeons, orthodontists, endodontists, and periodontists.
Dental Coverage Variables
Respondents were asked if they were covered by a private health insurance plan that included at least some dental coverage for each round of 1996 through 2015. This information was elicited from a pick-list,
code-all-that-apply question that asked what type of health insurance the person obtained through an establishment. It is possible that some dental coverage provided by hospital and physician plans was not
independently enumerated in this question. Persons with missing information on dental benefits for all reported private plans and those who reported that they did not have dental coverage for one or more
plans but had missing information on other plans are coded as not having private dental coverage. Respondents who reported dental coverage from at least one reported private plan were coded as having private
dental coverage. The variable for dental coverage indicates if a participant was eligible to receive and/or actually received payments on their behalf for dental care obtained during 1996 through 2015.
More specifically, an individual is considered to have dental coverage with a self or proxy report of dental coverage at any time during 1996 through 2015. An individual may or may not have full-year coverage.
An individual is also considered to have dental coverage with a self or proxy report of an insurance payment for dental care received. Specifically, if a person had private dental insurance coverage in
rounds 3/1, 4/2, or 5/3, or had any dental expenses paid by private insurance at any time in the year, then he/she was coded as having private dental coverage.
The variable for public (Medicaid/SCHIP) dental coverage indicates if a participant was enrolled (eligible and enrolled) to receive public dental coverage and/or actually received public payments on their
behalf for dental care obtained during 1996 through 2015. Specifically, if a person had public coverage in rounds 3/1, 4/2, or 5/3, or had any dental expenses paid by public insurance at any time in the year,
then he/she was coded as having public dental coverage. Persons coded public by definition cannot have any private coverage, but persons coded private may or may not also have any public coverage. Persons
coded no coverage can have neither private nor public coverage.
Education
Education* is expressed in terms of years of formal education. In this report, the following classification was used:
- Some or no school—Less than 12 years of formal education
- High school graduate—12 years of formal education
- At least some college—More than 12 years of formal education
* For children age 18 and younger, education refers to that of the mother or father, whoever had the higher level.
Currently Employed
Persons were currently employed if their employment status was “Currently employed” in any round (3/1, 4/2 or 5/3) during the year. Children age 16 and younger were currently employed if either
their mother or father was currently employed in any round during the year.
Expenses
Dental expenditures (expenses). In this report, expenditures are the amount actually paid for dental services. More specifically, in MEPS, expenditures are defined as the sum of payments for care received,
including out-of-pocket payments and payments made by private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and other sources.
This definition of expenditures differs somewhat from the definition used in predecessor surveys—the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) and the 1977 National Medical Care Expenditure
Survey (NMCES)—in which charges rather than payments were used to measure medical expenditures. Users who wish to compare the expenditure data presented in this report with data from the 1987 and/or
1977 surveys should consult Monheit et al. (1999). AHRQ has developed factors to apply to the 1987 NMCES expenditure data to facilitate longitudinal analysis. These can be accessed via the AHRQ Data Center;
see https://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/onsite_datacenter.jsp for more information. Details on the editing and imputation
methodology used to develop the dental expenditure variables presented in this report can be found in the documentation for the dental event files. See
https://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/download_data/pufs/h85b/h85bdoc.shtml for the 2004 dental event file link.
It should also be noted that it is common for several dental visits to be included in a single fee. These “flat fees” are particularly common for orthodontia and some types of dental reconstruction
and surgery. The flat fee groups may cross calendar years. For flat fees, expenses for the entire episode are placed on the initial event.
For comparison purposes, an expenditure amount adjusted for inflation is provided. Specifically, expenditures are adjusted to 2015 using a Bureau of Labor Statistics derived factor of 1.51.
(Our adjustment was calculated as follows: The CPI (1996) = 156.9, CPI (2015) = 237.017, so 1996 expense adjusted to 2015 would be 1996 expense times (237.017/156.9), or 1996 expense times 1.5106.)
Income
Income is expressed in terms of poverty status, i.e., the ratio of the family—s income to the federal poverty thresholds, which control for the size of family and number of children (see Census CPS Poverty Thresholds by Size of Family and Number of Children for details).
In this report, the following classification was used:
Poor—Persons in families with income less than 100 percent of the poverty line are considered poor. Some of these persons are in families reporting negative income.
Low income—Persons in families with income equal to or above 100 percent and less than 200 percent of the poverty line are considered low income.
Middle income—Persons in families with income equal to or above 200 percent and less than 400 percent of the poverty line are considered middle income.
High income—Persons in families with income equal to or above 400 percent of the poverty line are considered high income.
Procedures
Procedures refer to at least one procedure type per visit. Multiple procedures of the same type at the same visit are not included. Other service types not identified by respondents are not included.
Diagnostic: Examinations and x-rays
Preventive: Cleanings, fluoride, sealants and recall visits
Restorative: Fillings and inlays
Prosthetic: Crowns, bridges, dentures, repairs and implants
Oral surgical: Extracts, oral surgery, abscesses
Orthodontic: Orthodontic services only
Other: Other dental service not included above. (Includes endodontics, periodontics, whitening, TMD/TMJ, and other.)
Population Characteristics
In general, population characteristics were measured as of December 31 of the year of study, or the last date that the sample person was part of the civilian noninstitutionalized (community) population living
in the United States prior to December 31 of that year.
Comparisons by race/ethnicity in this report are based on the following four race/ethnicity groups: black non-Hispanic, white non-Hispanic, Hispanic, and other. Other includes non-Hispanics who reported being
of a single race other than white or black (i.e., American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander) as well as non-Hispanics who reported to be of multiple races (possibly including black).
Caution should be used when drawing conclusions based on comparisons of race/ethnicity groups for different years because the true racial composition of each of the identified race/ethnicity groups cannot be
guaranteed to be the same across these years. For example, beginning in 2002 respondents could report multiple races, which could change how categories are calculated.
Rounding
Because of rounding and some missing data, some of the subpopulation estimates presented in the tables will not sum exactly to the overall population total.
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