Chartbook #27: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component 2022 Chartbook
Acknowledgments
This chartbook was prepared by G. Edward Miller, Thomas A. Hegland, and Asako S. Moriya of the Division of
Research and Modeling (DRM), Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends (CFACT) in the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
The authors appreciate the efforts of Abigail Woodroffe, Alon Evron, Perry Gorelik, and Lauren Kestner of the
American Institutes for Research, Abigail Smith of Insignia, and Sean Anderson of Pantheon in creating the
exhibits in the chartbook, compiling the chartbook, and preparing the chartbook for production; the data
production work of Brandon Flanders of the U.S. Census Bureau; and the editing and production assistance of Doreen
Bonnett, Nicole Shulman, and Michelle Roberts of AHRQ.
Reviewers of this publication were Joel W. Cohen, Director of CFACT, Salam Abdus, Paul D. Jacobs, Samuel H.
Zuvekas and Jessica Monnet of the DRM, CFACT, and Anita Soni of the Division of Survey Operations, CFACT.
The data used in this report are from the Insurance Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Information about this survey, including sample design, data collection, sample sizes, and response rates,
can be found at https://meps.ahrq.gov/survey_comp/Insurance.jsp.
This product is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without permission in the United States
for noncommercial purposes, unless materials are clearly noted as copyrighted in the document. No one may
reproduce copyrighted materials without the permission of the copyright holders. Users outside the United
States must get permission from AHRQ to reprint or translate this product. Anyone wanting to reproduce this
product for sale must contact AHRQ for permission.
The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) is an annual survey of private employers
and State and local governments. The MEPS-IC produces national and State-level estimates of
employer-sponsored insurance, including offered plans, costs, employee eligibility, and number of enrollees.
The MEPS-IC is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and is fielded by the U.S. Census
Bureau.
This chartbook provides both single-year and multiyear trend analyses using private-sector MEPS-IC data
from 2010 to 2022. To best convey key information from the MEPS-IC, the report is presented in five
sections: Health Insurance Offer Rates; Employee Eligibility and Enrollment; Health Insurance Premiums;
Employee and Employer Premium Contributions; and Employee Cost Sharing. Each section provides charts and
discussion with links to MEPS-IC data tables that contain the estimates and standard errors for each
exhibit.
Many of the estimates in this publication are categorized by firm sizes that are relevant to national
healthcare policy. The firm-size categories used in the charts and tables are based on actual employment
counts rather than full-time equivalent (FTE) counts, because the MEPS-IC does not collect FTE employment
figures.
Each section discusses the estimates to highlight trends and differences by employer and workforce
characteristics. If a comparison of estimates is presented in the discussion, any differences are
statistically significant at the 0.05 level. In some cases, differences noted in the text, in estimates as
well as statistical significance of comparisons, may vary slightly from calculations performed using data in
the exhibits, MEPS-IC data available on the MEPS website, or MEPS-IC Statistical Briefs due to rounding. All
dollar estimates are nominal (not adjusted for inflation).
The IC is one of three annual component surveys that make up MEPS. The other two components are the
Household Component (HC) and the Medical Provider Component (MPC). The HC is a nationally representative
survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population that collects data at both the person and
household levels. The MPC collects information from a sample of physicians, hospitals, home health agencies,
and pharmacies that provided services to HC respondents.
The MEPS-IC uses two independent samples: the private sector and the public sector. The private-sector
sample is composed of approximately 42,000 business establishments from more than 7 million establishments
found on the Business Register at the U.S. Census Bureau, with 5.8 percent of the sample determined during
the data collection process to be out of scope. In 2022, the response rate for the private sector was 54.6
percent of the remaining in-scope sample units.
An establishment is a single business entity or location. Firms (also often referred to as companies) can
include one or more establishments. An example of a multi-establishment firm is a chain of grocery stores,
where the establishments of the firm are the sites of the individual grocery stores. The charts and tables
in this publication report characteristics within firm-based size categories.
The public-sector sample of the MEPS-IC selects almost 3,000 State and local government agencies. However,
this report focuses only on the private sector. Additional information on MEPS-IC sampling can be found in
Sample Design of the 2020 Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component (Davis, 2021; PDF).
For purposes of the analyses presented in this chartbook, the District of Columbia is treated as a State.
In addition, exhibits are organized by category (e.g., premium type, firm size), so references to exhibits
in the text may not be in numeric order (e.g., Exhibits 3.1, 3.3, and 3.5 instead of 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3).
Davis K. Sample Design of the 2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component. Methodology Report
#34. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2021. https://meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/publications/mr34/mr34.shtml.
Accessed August 30, 2022.
Employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) is the primary source of health insurance coverage for individuals under
age 65 in the United States. This chartbook uses data for private-sector establishments in the Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to describe trends in employer coverage, premiums,
and benefits from 2010 to 2022.
The MEPS-IC is an annual survey of private employers and State and local governments and is designed to be
representative of all 50 States and the District of Columbia. The large sample size (about 42,000
private-sector establishments), combined with a response rate of 54.6 percent in 2022, permits analyses of
variations in ESI by firm size and across States that are not readily available from other sources.
Examining variations by firm size and across States is important due to variation in insurance markets
along these dimensions. Historically, insurance markets have differed by firm size due to smaller firms'
more limited ability to pool risk and their higher administrative costs compared with larger firms. State
variation in ESI markets may reflect differences in employment patterns, healthcare prices, and utilization,
as well as differences in State approaches to regulating private insurance and administering Medicaid.
This chartbook describes trends and patterns in ESI overall, by firm size, and by State from 2010 to 2022.
All differences noted are at the 0.05 significance level. All dollar estimates are nominal (not adjusted for
inflation).
Summary of Findings
Employee Enrollment in Health Insurance
From 2021 to 2022, the percentage of private-sector employees covered by a health insurance plan offered by
their employers (the "enrollment rate") did not change significantly overall or within any of the three firm
size groups examined in this chartbook. In 2022, the enrollment rate was 47.7 percent overall and ranged
from 27.9 percent at small employers (fewer than 50 employees) to 56.2 percent at large employers (100 or
more employees).
The enrollment rate reflects the combination of employers' decisions about offering health insurance and
employee eligibility for such coverage, as well as employees' decisions to take up coverage if eligible.
Offer rates, eligibility rates, and take-up rates, as well as coverage rates among employees offered
insurance, are described below.
Availability of Coverage: Offer Rates
Overall, there was no significant change in the offer rate (percentage of employees working at an
establishment that offered insurance) from 2021 (85.7 percent) to 2022 (85.6 percent) (Exhibit ES.1). The
offer rate at small firms, however, increased from 50.4 percent in 2021 to 52.6 percent in 2022, extending
the recent period of stability and increases for small firm offer rates. Over the last 7 years, the small
firm offer rate either remained stable or increased each year and rose by a total of 5.0 percentage points,
from 47.6 percent in 2015 to 52.6 percent in 2022.
Exhibit ES.1: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees in establishments
that offer health insurance, by firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
86.5%
85.3%*
84.7%
84.9%
83.2%*
83.8%
84.3%
84.5%
84.6%
85.3%*
86.9%*
85.7%*
85.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
<50
57.8%
54.7%*
52.9%*
53.1%
49.8%*
47.6%*
47.7%
48.3%
47.3%
50.7%*
50.5%
50.4%
52.6%*^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
50-99
87.3%
85.6%
84.1%
87.0%
83.0%*
85.3%
88.6%*
86.3%
88.0%
88.0%
88.5%
90.3%
91.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.0%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
100+
98.5%
98.1%
98.2%
98.0%
97.3%*
98.8%*
98.9%
98.9%
99.0%
99.0%
98.8%
98.9%
98.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Since offer rates are high among medium (91.7 percent in 2022) and large firms (98.7 percent in 2022),
offer rates among small firms (fewer than 50 employees) are an important factor contributing to overall
differences in State ESI offer rates, along with the distribution of employers by firm size in the State.
Overall, the average annual offer rate for 2020-2022 was 51.2 percent for small firms, but there was
substantial variation across the United States. Among small firms, 14 States, with average annual offer
rates ranging from 33.0 to 45.9 percent, were significantly below the national average. Another 11 States,
with average annual offer rates ranging from 55.0 to 90.6 percent, were significantly above the national
average for small firms (Exhibit ES.2).
Exhibit ES.2: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees in establishments
that offer health insurance, by State, firm size <50 employees, 3-year average, 2020-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Alabama
56.2%
Kentucky
44.9%*
North Dakota
55.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Alaska
33.0%*
Louisiana
48.7%
Ohio
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Arizona
49.4%
Maine
47.4%
Oklahoma
58.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Arkansas
41.7%*
Maryland
57.3%*
Oregon
53.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
California
55.0%*
Massachusetts
59.9%*
Pennsylvania
56.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Colorado
55.3%
Michigan
50.2%
Rhode Island
57.2%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
Connecticut
54.9%
Minnesota
49.0%
South Carolina
37.6%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Delaware
48.3%
Mississippi
54.1%
South Dakota
48.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
District of Columbia
73.7%*
Missouri
53.7%
Tennessee
47.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Florida
40.7%*
Montana
42.0%*
Texas
47.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
Georgia
46.4%
Nebraska
43.1%*
Utah
42.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
Hawaii
90.6%*
Nevada
50.9%
Vermont
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Idaho
41.5%*
New Hampshire
52.7%
Virginia
56.2%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Illinois
55.8%*
New Jersey
56.8%*
Washington
54.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Indiana
45.9%*
New Mexico
44.1%*
West Virginia
42.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Iowa
52.8%
New York
56.1%*
Wisconsin
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Kansas
54.7%
North Carolina
42.7%*
Wyoming
39.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 51.2 percent at
p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 51.2 percent is 0.4 percent.
Among establishments that offered insurance in 2022, 55.8 percent of employees were enrolled in coverage
through their employer (the "coverage rate") and 80.8 percent were eligible for health insurance (the
"eligibility rate") (Exhibits ES.3 and ES.4). Among eligible employees, 69.0 percent were enrolled in their
employer's health insurance (the "take-up rate") (Exhibit ES.5).
The overall coverage, eligibility, and take-up rates did not change significantly from 2021 to 2022. From
2010 to 2022, however, the overall take-up rate fell by 7.5 percentage points (from 76.5 to 69.0 percent).
In 2022, the take-up rate among large firms (69.9 percent) remained higher than in medium (64.6 percent) and
small firms (67.0 percent), as has been true in every year from 2010 through 2022.
Exhibit ES.3: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by
firm
size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
59.8%
59.4%
58.9%
58.2%
57.8%
57.0%
56.0%
56.5%
56.5%
55.8%
57.0%
56.0%
55.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
59.2%
58.6%
57.7%
57.1%
56.8%
57.0%
55.5%
55.4%
56.2%
53.9%*
55.1%
53.8%
53.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50-99
55.9%
54.9%
55.4%
54.7%
54.5%
55.8%
51.2%*
52.2%
50.3%
53.8%*
53.4%
51.3%
50.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(0.8%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
100+
60.4%
60.0%
59.5%
58.8%
58.3%
57.1%
56.6%
57.1%
57.1%
56.4%
57.7%
56.9%
56.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector
establishments, 2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health
insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99
employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05.
This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit ES.4: Eligibility Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees
eligible for health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
78.2%
78.0%
77.8%
77.8%
75.4%*
76.0%
76.5%
76.8%
78.0%*
77.7%
80.5%*
80.3%
80.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
78.6%
78.7%
77.9%
78.0%
77.7%
79.1%
78.7%
78.3%
79.1%
78.1%
80.2%*
79.7%
79.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
50-99
74.5%
73.6%
76.4%
76.2%
74.1%
77.8%*
76.2%
75.5%
75.6%
78.1%
77.6%
79.2%
77.8%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(0.8%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
100+
78.5%
78.3%
77.9%
77.9%
75.0%*
75.2%
76.0%
76.6%
78.0%
77.5%
80.8%*
80.5%
81.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit ES.5: Take-Up Rate Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and
by
firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
76.5%
76.1%
75.8%
74.8%*
76.7%*
75.0%*
73.3%*
73.5%
72.4%*
71.9%
70.8%*
69.8%
69.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
<50
75.3%
74.4%
74.1%
73.1%
73.0%
72.1%
70.4%*
70.7%
71.0%
69.0%*
68.7%
67.5%
67.0%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50-99
75.1%
74.5%
72.5%
71.8%
73.5%
71.7%
67.2%*
69.1%
66.6%
68.9%
68.8%
64.7%*
64.6%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
100+
76.9%
76.7%
76.4%
75.5%*
77.8%*
76.0%*
74.4%*
74.5%
73.3%*
72.7%
71.4%*
70.7%
69.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Choice of Plans
Overall, about three-quarters (74.2 percent) of employees at firms offering health insurance were offered a
choice of two or more health plans in 2022, which was not a significant change from 2021 (73.9 percent)
(Exhibit ES.6). In all years from 2010 to 2022, the likelihood that an employee of an offering establishment
had a choice of plans increased with firm size. In 2022, the percentage of employees with a choice of plans
ranged from 42.9 percent at small firms to 82.9 percent at large firms.
Exhibit ES.6: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees working in
establishments that offer two or more health insurance plans, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
65.6%
65.5%
65.3%
66.0%
67.0%
70.2%*
71.7%
72.4%
75.7%*
75.8%
73.8%*
73.9%
74.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
<50
26.7%
27.2%
29.3%
28.4%
29.6%
33.6%*
34.2%
34.9%
37.8%*
41.4%*
39.9%
41.0%
42.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
50-99
44.1%
46.8%
43.7%
46.6%
46.8%
50.2%
56.2%*
59.3%
56.4%
58.7%
58.6%
60.8%
57.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(2.2%)
(1.7%)
(2.2%)
(2.1%)
(2.2%)
(2.0%)
(1.9%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(2.1%)
(2.2%)
(2.3%)
100+
77.3%
76.3%
75.7%
76.5%
77.0%
79.7%*
80.7%
81.0%
84.7%*
84.5%
81.0%*
81.7%
82.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Self-Insured Plans
From 2021 to 2022, the overall percentage of offering establishments that self-insured at least one plan
(38.2 percent) did not change significantly, but among the largest firms (1,000 or more employees) this
percentage fell from 78.1 to 74.6 percent (Exhibit ES.7). In the three smallest detailed firm-size
categories (fewer than 10, 10-24, and 25-99 employees), less than one in five offering establishments
self-insured at least one plan.
Exhibit ES.7: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector establishments that
offer
health insurance that self-insure at least one plan, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
35.8%
36.9%
37.2%
37.6%
37.2%
39.0%*
40.7%*
39.2%
38.7%
39.4%
41.9%*
40.1%
38.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<10
13.1%
12.6%
14.9%
15.2%
14.4%
15.8%
19.3%*
17.7%
13.1%*
14.8%
17.6%
18.9%
18.2%^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.4%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.7%)
(1.7%)
(1.7%)
10-24
11.6%
9.9%
10.7%
9.0%
12.0%*
10.6%
13.6%*
13.3%
13.8%
12.2%
13.1%
12.0%
15.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
25-99
14.3%
12.2%*
13.5%
12.4%
12.2%
13.7%
16.6%*
16.0%
12.9%*
17.2%*
16.3%
17.7%
19.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
100-999
30.9%
31.7%
30.1%
30.1%
32.5%
33.7%
34.4%
37.2%
35.1%
33.9%
35.8%
38.0%
41.2%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
1,000+
86.6%
87.5%
87.1%
88.0%
84.2%*
83.8%
81.9%
78.6%*
81.6%*
83.1%
77.8%*
78.1%
74.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
In 2022, average total health insurance premiums were $7,590 for single coverage, $14,943 for
employee-plus-one coverage, and $21,931 for family coverage, representing increases of 2.8, 2.1, and 2.6
percent, respectively, over the 2021 levels (Exhibits ES.8 and ES.9).
Exhibit ES.8: Average total premiums (standard error) per enrolled employee for
single,
employee-plus-one and family coverage, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
$4,940
$5,222*
$5,384*
$5,571*
$5,832*
$5,963*
$6,101*
$6,368*
$6,715*
$6,972*
$7,149*
$7,380*
$7,590*
(Standard Error)
($22)
($26)
($28)
($23)
($25)
($26)
($27)
($28)
($31)
($35)
($35)
($37)
($38)
Plus One
$9,664
$10,329*
$10,621*
$10,990*
$11,503*
$11,800*
$12,124*
$12,789*
$13,425*
$13,989*
$14,191
$14,634*
$14,943*
(Standard Error)
($60)
($105)
($56)
($54)
($60)
($58)
($60)
($70)
($70)
($83)
($93)
($84)
($91)
Family
$13,871
$15,022*
$15,473*
$16,029*
$16,655*
$17,322*
$17,710*
$18,687*
$19,565*
$20,486*
$20,758
$21,381*
$21,931*
(Standard Error)
($75)
($98)
($95)
($61)
($79)
($95)
($84)
($105)
($104)
($125)
($124)
($111)
($122)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05.
Exhibit ES.9: Percentage change (standard error) in total premiums from previous
year
per enrolled employee for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Year
Single
Plus one
Family
2010
5.8%*
6.7%*
6.5%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.6%)
2011
5.7%*
6.9%*
8.3%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($1.3%)
($0.9%)
2012
3.1%*
2.8%*
3.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($1.2%)
($0.9%)
2013
3.5%*
3.5%*
3.6%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
2014
4.7%*
4.7%*
3.9%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.6%)
2015
2.2%*
2.6%*
4.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
2016
2.3%*
2.7%*
2.2%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
2017
4.4%*
5.5%*
5.5%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2018
5.4%*
5.0%*
4.7%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2019
3.8%*
4.2%*
4.7%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2020
2.5%*
1.4%
1.3%
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.9%)
2021
3.2%*
3.1%*
3.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.8%)
2022
2.8%*
2.1%*
2.6%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.8%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments, 2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from zero at p < 0.05.
From 2021 to 2022, large firms (100 or more employees) had increases in average premiums of 2.8 to 3.0
percent for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, but there were no significant changes in
premiums among small and medium firms (Exhibits ES.10, ES.11, and ES.12). In 2022, average family premiums
were higher for large employers ($22,228) than for small ($20,406) and medium employers ($21,289).
Exhibit ES.10: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled
employee, by
firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$4,940
$5,222*
$5,384*
$5,571*
$5,832*
$5,963*
$6,101*
$6,368*
$6,715*
$6,972*
$7,149*
$7,380*
$7,590*
(Standard Error)
($22)
($26)
($28)
($23)
($25)
($26)
($27)
($28)
($31)
($35)
($35)
($37)
($38)
<50
$4,956
$5,258*
$5,460*
$5,628*
$5,886*
$5,947
$6,070
$6,421*
$6,667*
$6,920*
$7,045
$7,382*
$7,513
(Standard Error)
($34)
($39)
($60)
($39)
($55)
($55)
($53)
($61)
($63)
($73)
($70)
($84)
($81)
50-99
$4,713
$4,861
$5,246*
$5,314
$5,549*
$5,642
$5,743
$6,163*
$6,287
$6,629*
$6,870
$7,189
$7,465
(Standard Error)
($52)
($75)
($39)
($73)
($82)
($104)
($96)
($121)
($111)
($99)
($129)
($129)
($153)
100+
$4,959
$5,252*
$5,378*
$5,584*
$5,851*
$6,006*
$6,146*
$6,377*
$6,770*
$7,019*
$7,197*
$7,399*
$7,622*
(Standard Error)
($23)
($31)
($28)
($29)
($30)
($31)
($32)
($33)
($37)
($42)
($41)
($43)
($45)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit ES.11: Average total employee-plus-one premium (standard error) per
enrolled
employee, by firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$9,664
$10,329*
$10,621*
$10,990*
$11,503*
$11,800*
$12,124*
$12,789*
$13,425*
$13,989*
$14,191
$14,634*
$14,943*
(Standard Error)
($60)
($105)
($56)
($54)
($60)
($58)
($60)
($70)
($70)
($83)
($93)
($84)
($91)
<50
$9,850
$10,253*
$10,524
$11,050*
$11,386
$11,666
$11,833
$12,558*
$13,044*
$13,619
$13,522
$14,326*
$14,093^
(Standard Error)
($80)
($104)
($121)
($92)
($163)
($158)
($156)
($170)
($176)
($248)
($212)
($262)
($240)
50-99
$9,166
$9,615*
$10,178*
$10,673
$10,845
$10,885
$11,389
$11,931
$12,593*
$13,248
$13,766
$14,314
$14,458
(Standard Error)
($124)
($192)
($185)
($330)
($187)
($198)
($227)
($232)
($236)
($321)
($246)
($295)
($350)
100+
$9,669
$10,394*
$10,672*
$11,006*
$11,571*
$11,892*
$12,225*
$12,878*
$13,537*
$14,105*
$14,304
$14,703*
$15,117*
(Standard Error)
($62)
($113)
($70)
($59)
($68)
($66)
($68)
($79)
($79)
($92)
($106)
($93)
($103)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit ES.12: Average total family premium (standard error) per enrolled
employee, by
firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$13,871
$15,022*
$15,473*
$16,029*
$16,655*
$17,322*
$17,710*
$18,687*
$19,565*
$20,486*
$20,758
$21,381*
$21,931*
(Standard Error)
($75)
($98)
($95)
($61)
($79)
($95)
($84)
($105)
($104)
($125)
($124)
($111)
($122)
<50
$13,170
$14,086*
$14,496
$14,787
$15,575*
$15,919
$16,471
$17,649*
$18,296*
$19,417*
$19,416
$20,406*
$20,406^
(Standard Error)
($111)
($145)
($181)
($89)
($177)
($212)
($207)
($192)
($231)
($303)
($283)
($320)
($310)
50-99
$13,019
$14,151*
$15,421*
$15,376
$15,732
$16,336
$16,214
$17,735*
$18,386
$19,893*
$19,827
$20,551
$21,289^
(Standard Error)
($153)
($168)
($273)
($268)
($274)
($335)
($348)
($327)
($473)
($435)
($422)
($396)
($451)
100+
$14,074
$15,245*
$15,641*
$16,284*
$16,903*
$17,612*
$18,000*
$18,911*
$19,824*
$20,697*
$20,990
$21,584*
$22,228*
(Standard Error)
($85)
($117)
($114)
($82)
($91)
($110)
($95)
($122)
($118)
($143)
($139)
($124)
($139)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
For 2020-2022, the overall national average annual single premium was $7,322. Fifteen States, with average
annual premiums ranging from $6,493 in Arkansas to $7,020 in Kentucky, were significantly below the national
average. Fifteen States, with average annual premiums ranging from $7,556 in Pennsylvania to $8,681 in
Alaska, were significantly above the national average (Exhibit ES.13).
Exhibit ES.13: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled
employee, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Alabama
$6,543*
Kentucky
$7,020*
North Dakota
$7,413
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($92)
(Standard Error)
($96)
Alaska
$8,681*
Louisiana
$6,902*
Ohio
$7,252
(Standard Error)
($188)
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($109)
Arizona
$6,816*
Maine
$7,653*
Oklahoma
$6,852*
(Standard Error)
($125)
(Standard Error)
($101)
(Standard Error)
($93)
Arkansas
$6,493*
Maryland
$7,536
Oregon
$7,097
(Standard Error)
($113)
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($159)
California
$7,379
Massachusetts
$7,827*
Pennsylvania
$7,556*
(Standard Error)
($85)
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($96)
Colorado
$6,993*
Michigan
$7,016*
Rhode Island
$7,789*
(Standard Error)
($118)
(Standard Error)
($130)
(Standard Error)
($119)
Connecticut
$7,747*
Minnesota
$7,229
South Carolina
$7,300
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($132)
(Standard Error)
($98)
Delaware
$7,709*
Mississippi
$6,689*
South Dakota
$7,257
(Standard Error)
($167)
(Standard Error)
($105)
(Standard Error)
($93)
District of Columbia
$8,159*
Missouri
$7,339
Tennessee
$6,768*
(Standard Error)
($145)
(Standard Error)
($119)
(Standard Error)
($101)
Florida
$7,336
Montana
$7,309
Texas
$7,154
(Standard Error)
($110)
(Standard Error)
($121)
(Standard Error)
($87)
Georgia
$7,125
Nebraska
$7,613*
Utah
$6,640*
(Standard Error)
($140)
(Standard Error)
($102)
(Standard Error)
($140)
Hawaii
$6,907*
Nevada
$6,658*
Vermont
$8,034*
(Standard Error)
($93)
(Standard Error)
($123)
(Standard Error)
($101)
Idaho
$6,862*
New Hampshire
$7,934*
Virginia
$7,259
(Standard Error)
($127)
(Standard Error)
($126)
(Standard Error)
($132)
Illinois
$7,362
New Jersey
$7,646*
Washington
$7,314
(Standard Error)
($100)
(Standard Error)
($139)
(Standard Error)
($125)
Indiana
$7,453
New Mexico
$7,480
West Virginia
$7,647*
(Standard Error)
($112)
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($156)
Iowa
$7,086
New York
$8,423*
Wisconsin
$7,318
(Standard Error)
($130)
(Standard Error)
($119)
(Standard Error)
($105)
Kansas
$6,777*
North Carolina
$7,246
Wyoming
$7,846*
(Standard Error)
($108)
(Standard Error)
($149)
(Standard Error)
($175)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from national average of $7,322 at p < 0.05.
Employee Premium Contributions
In 2022, enrolled employees paid on average 21.6 percent of total premiums for single coverage, 28.4
percent for employee-plus-one coverage, and 29.6 percent for family coverage. These shares are not
significantly different from their 2021 levels (Exhibit ES.14).
Exhibit ES.14: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
20.7%
20.9%
20.8%
21.0%
21.2%
21.1%
21.7%*
22.2%
21.3%*
21.4%
21.4%
22.3%*
21.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
Plus One
25.8%
26.5%
26.6%
26.7%
26.9%
27.3%
27.8%
27.6%
27.1%
27.7%
28.4%
28.7%
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Family
26.8%
26.4%
27.4%*
27.6%
27.1%
27.2%
28.0%
27.9%
27.8%
28.0%
28.8%
28.9%
29.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05.
The average employee contribution in 2022 for family coverage was $6,492, representing an increase of 5.2
percent over the 2021 level. By contrast, average employee contributions in 2022 for single ($1,637) and
employee-plus-one ($4,237) coverage were not significantly different from their 2021 levels (Exhibit ES.15).
In 2022, average employee contributions for the two types of dependent coverage, employee-plus-one and
family, were lower at large employers ($4,096 and $6,263, respectively) than at small employers ($4,711 and
$7,324, respectively) and medium employers ($5,052 and $7,788, respectively) (Chapter 4, Exhibits 4.9 and
4.11).
Exhibit ES.15: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
$1,021
$1,090*
$1,118
$1,170*
$1,234*
$1,255
$1,325*
$1,415*
$1,427
$1,489*
$1,532
$1,643*
$1,637
(Standard Error)
($14)
($9)
($14)
($16)
($13)
($14)
($13)
($15)
($14)
($18)
($16)
($19)
($24)
Plus One
$2,498
$2,736*
$2,824
$2,940*
$3,097*
$3,220*
$3,376*
$3,531*
$3,634
$3,881*
$4,035*
$4,199*
$4,237
(Standard Error)
($42)
($36)
($46)
($23)
($40)
($35)
($36)
($39)
($39)
($54)
($52)
($64)
($56)
Family
$3,721
$3,962*
$4,236*
$4,421*
$4,518
$4,710*
$4,956*
$5,218*
$5,431*
$5,726*
$5,978*
$6,174
$6,492*
(Standard Error)
($53)
($42)
($69)
($50)
($48)
($56)
($56)
($64)
($63)
($82)
($76)
($87)
($93)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05.
The percentage of enrollees in a health insurance plan with a deductible in 2022 was not significantly
different from 2021 for firms overall (89.2 percent) or among small (84.8 percent), medium (86.9 percent),
or large (90.3 percent) employers (Exhibit ES.16).
In 2022, the overall average deductibles, among enrollees in plans with a deductible, were $1,992 for
individual coverage and $3,811 for family coverage (Exhibits ES.17 and Chapter 5, Exhibit 5.3). From 2021 to
2022, there were no significant changes in average individual or family deductibles overall or for enrollees
in small and large firms. For medium-firm enrollees, there was a significant increase in individual
deductibles.
The general lack of significant changes in average deductibles continued a recent trend of relatively slow
deductible growth. Specifically, the average annual rates of growth for individual and family deductibles
were significantly lower in the 5 years from 2017 to 2022 (2.0 and 2.3 percent, respectively) than in the 7
preceding years from 2010 to 2017 (8.4 and 8.1 percent, respectively) (data not shown).
Exhibit ES.16: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in
a
health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
77.5%
77.8%
79.6%*
81.3%
83.9%*
85.4%*
84.5%
87.5%*
87.3%
86.6%
89.2%*
88.5%
89.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
<50
75.7%
76.3%
79.5%*
79.5%
80.8%
82.1%
81.7%
82.3%
83.0%
84.1%
86.5%*
86.0%
84.8%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.4%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
50-99
78.2%
79.6%
80.3%
78.0%
82.4%*
85.3%
82.5%
83.7%
85.1%
87.5%
89.0%
89.7%
86.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(1.7%)
(1.4%)
(1.1%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(1.4%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(1.6%)
100+
77.8%
77.9%
79.6%
81.9%*
84.6%*
86.1%
85.2%
88.8%*
88.3%
87.1%
89.7%*
88.8%
90.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit ES.17: Average individual deductible (in dollars) (standard error) per
employee
enrolled with single coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
TABLE SUMMARY
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$1,025
$1,123*
$1,167*
$1,273*
$1,353*
$1,541*
$1,696*
$1,808*
$1,846
$1,931*
$1,945
$2,004*
$1,992
(Standard Error)
($18)
($12)
($8)
($20)
($13)
($16)
($16)
($17)
($17)
($18)
($18)
($20)
($22)
<50
$1,447
$1,561*
$1,628
$1,695
$1,777*
$1,964*
$2,105*
$2,136
$2,327*
$2,386
$2,376
$2,485
$2,499^
(Standard Error)
($21)
($26)
($25)
($24)
($28)
($35)
($34)
($35)
($36)
($35)
($39)
($43)
($39)
50-99
$1,522
$1,543
$1,622
$1,755
$1,744
$2,008*
$2,173
$2,361
$2,369
$2,441
$2,464
$2,378
$2,596*^
(Standard Error)
($57)
($49)
($64)
($49)
($59)
($62)
($64)
($85)
($65)
($67)
($67)
($74)
($81)
100+
$852
$951*
$989*
$1,106*
$1,205*
$1,383*
$1,558*
$1,681*
$1,692
$1,778*
$1,814
$1,865
$1,814
(Standard Error)
($20)
($14)
($10)
($19)
($14)
($18)
($18)
($20)
($19)
($21)
($20)
($23)
($25)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: In 2015, the methodology for calibrating the upper edit bound for the
individual deductible amount changed, causing the average individual deductible per employee
enrolled
with single coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible to increase by about 5 percent at
the
national level in 2015 relative to the earlier methodology. * indicates the estimate is
statistically
different from the previous year at p < 0.05. ^
indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different
from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Conclusion
AHRQ produces this chartbook to make MEPS-IC data more readily usable by providing trends nationally and by
firm size, by presenting national and State-level estimates in one document, and by providing additional
firm-size cross-tabulations relevant to recent policy changes. More information is available at www.meps.ahrq.gov and https://datatools.ahrq.gov/meps-ic. AHRQ welcomes feedback
on additional ways to make the data more usable.
This section presents estimates of the percentage of employees who worked where coverage was offered (the
"offer rate"), by firm size, State, and establishment characteristics (i.e., industry, ownership type, firm
age, number of locations, percentage of workers who are full time, and percentage of workers with low
wages). It also shows interactions between the percentage of workers with low wages and firm size and State.
This section also provides information on the prevalence of self-insured plans, availability of dependent
coverage, and availability of retiree coverage by firm size. Finally, it shows the percentage of
establishments that offer two or more plans, by firm size and establishment characteristics.
In the MEPS IC survey, respondents are asked whether their organization offers, or makes available, any
health insurance plans to its active employees. Health insurance plans are defined as policies that provide
hospital or physician coverage. The plan may provide this coverage for the employee only, or it may provide
coverage for the employee's dependents through employee-plus-one or family coverage.
Many organizations offer more than one plan. For example, an organization may offer both a high and
standard option of a given plan, or it may offer coverage under a health maintenance organization (HMO) and
a preferred provider organization (PPO) from the same or a different insurance company. A health plan is
self-insured when the financial risk for the enrollee's medical claims is assumed partially or entirely by
the organization offering the plan.
Employers' decisions about offering coverage depend on a range of characteristics associated with
productivity, workforce demand for coverage, State policy, and other factors. Historically, firm size has
been a key determinant of the offer rate, with smaller employers being less likely to offer health insurance
coverage than larger employers for a number of reasons, including:
Smaller risk pools, which result in higher premium costs (holding benefits constant),
Higher administrative costs per employee, and
Lack of dedicated staff to select and administer health benefits.
Highlights
The overall percentage of employees working at insurance-offering establishments held steady between
2021 (85.7 percent) and 2022 (85.6 percent), after declining from 2020 to 2021 (Exhibit 1.1).
While little change in the percentage of employees working at insurance-offering establishments occurred
overall, among employees of small firms (fewer than 50 employees), this percentage rose from 50.4 percent
in 2021 to 52.6 percent in 2022 (Exhibit 1.1).
The overall share of health insurance eligible employees working at establishments that self-insure at
least one plan fell from 57.4 percent in 2021 to 54.4 percent in 2022 (Exhibit 1.8). This reduction was
driven in large part by a 4.5 percentage point reduction in this measure among health insurance eligible
employees that work for large firms (1,000 or more employees).
In keeping with established patterns, the share of private-sector employees offered health insurance
showed substantial variation across the United States (Exhibits 1.2 and 1.3):
Among employees of all firms, the 2020-2022 average annual offer rate was 86.0 percent and ranged
from 70.5 percent in Wyoming to 97.5 percent in Hawaii.
Among employees of small firms (fewer than 50 employees), the 2020-2022 average annual offer rate
was 51.2 percent. The 2020-2022 small-firm average annual offer rate was between 41 percent and 58
percent for all but 8 states: Alaska (33.0 percent), South Carolina (37.6 percent), Wyoming (39.5
percent), Florida (40.7 percent), Oklahoma (58.5 percent), Massachusetts (59.9 percent), District of
Columbia (73.7 percent), and Hawaii (90.6 percent).
Key Trends
Beyond the highlights presented above, many longstanding trends related to insurance coverage offers
continued in 2022. Establishments in small firms continued to have a significantly lower offer rate relative
to other firms. In addition, small-firm establishments that did offer insurance were less likely to
self-insure their plans, less likely to offer dependent coverage, less likely to offer a choice of two or
more plans, and less likely to offer retiree coverage.
Dependent coverage, as in prior years, was available at very high rates wherever health insurance was
offered. Availability of retiree coverage of all kinds remained low and very rare outside of large firms.
The long-term decline of retiree coverage availability continued in 2022 as well.
Exhibit 1.1: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments that offer health insurance, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
86.5%
85.3%*
84.7%
84.9%
83.2%*
83.8%
84.3%
84.5%
84.6%
85.3%*
86.9%*
85.7%*
85.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
<50
57.8%
54.7%*
52.9%*
53.1%
49.8%*
47.6%*
47.7%
48.3%
47.3%
50.7%*
50.5%
50.4%
52.6%*^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
50-99
87.3%
85.6%
84.1%
87.0%
83.0%*
85.3%
88.6%*
86.3%
88.0%
88.0%
88.5%
90.3%
91.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.0%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
100+
98.5%
98.1%
98.2%
98.0%
97.3%*
98.8%*
98.9%
98.9%
99.0%
99.0%
98.8%
98.9%
98.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 1.2: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments that offer health insurance, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
87.8%*
Kentucky
86.7%
North Dakota
83.8%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Alaska
76.1%*
Louisiana
82.4%*
Ohio
86.8%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Arizona
87.0%
Maine
81.4%*
Oklahoma
86.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Arkansas
82.7%*
Maryland
87.1%
Oregon
83.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
California
87.1%
Massachusetts
89.0%*
Pennsylvania
88.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Colorado
85.3%
Michigan
86.1%
Rhode Island
86.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Connecticut
86.5%
Minnesota
85.3%
South Carolina
84.0%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Delaware
85.5%
Mississippi
86.3%
South Dakota
80.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
District of Columbia
94.6%*
Missouri
87.5%
Tennessee
87.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Florida
84.1%*
Montana
72.2%*
Texas
84.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Georgia
86.0%
Nebraska
81.7%*
Utah
81.8%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Hawaii
97.5%*
Nevada
86.7%
Vermont
80.7%*
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Idaho
76.7%*
New Hampshire
85.6%
Virginia
88.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Illinois
88.8%*
New Jersey
87.4%
Washington
84.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Indiana
87.0%
New Mexico
79.1%*
West Virginia
83.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Iowa
87.1%
New York
87.5%*
Wisconsin
85.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Kansas
86.2%
North Carolina
82.9%*
Wyoming
70.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 86.0 percent at
p < 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 86.0 percent is 0.2
percent.
Exhibit 1.3: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments
that offer health insurance, by State, firm size <50 employees, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
56.2%
Kentucky
44.9%*
North Dakota
55.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Alaska
33.0%*
Louisiana
48.7%
Ohio
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Arizona
49.4%
Maine
47.4%
Oklahoma
58.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Arkansas
41.7%*
Maryland
57.3%*
Oregon
53.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
California
55.0%*
Massachusetts
59.9%*
Pennsylvania
56.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Colorado
55.3%
Michigan
50.2%
Rhode Island
57.2%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
Connecticut
54.9%
Minnesota
49.0%
South Carolina
37.6%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Delaware
48.3%
Mississippi
54.1%
South Dakota
48.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
District of Columbia
73.7%*
Missouri
53.7%
Tennessee
47.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Florida
40.7%*
Montana
42.0%*
Texas
47.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
Georgia
46.4%
Nebraska
43.1%*
Utah
42.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
Hawaii
90.6%*
Nevada
50.9%
Vermont
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Idaho
41.5%*
New Hampshire
52.7%
Virginia
56.2%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Illinois
55.8%*
New Jersey
56.8%*
Washington
54.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Indiana
45.9%*
New Mexico
44.1%*
West Virginia
42.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Iowa
52.8%
New York
56.1%*
Wisconsin
50.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Kansas
54.7%
North Carolina
42.7%*
Wyoming
39.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 51.2 percent at
p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 51.2 percent is 0.4 percent.
Exhibit 1.4: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments
that offer health insurance, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce that is low wage and
by
firm size, 2010-2022
Low Wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
70.2%
68.0%*
66.8%*
65.6%*
61.0%*
58.4%*
56.9%
57.6%
55.5%*
58.8%*
58.0%
57.3%
58.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
34.1%
30.6%*
28.0%*
28.0%
26.6%
23.1%*
24.4%
24.2%
23.6%
25.4%
25.3%
23.9%
27.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.9%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
98.9%
98.9%
98.6%
98.7%
98.2%*
98.9%*
98.9%
98.7%
98.9%
98.7%
98.7%
98.6%
98.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
93.5%
91.4%*
92.2%
92.4%
89.6%*
92.7%*
94.5%*
94.0%
94.0%
95.2%
93.8%
95.5%
94.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.5%)
(1.0%)
(0.6%)
(0.9%)
Key: Small
employers = fewer than 50 employees. Large employers = 50 or more employees. Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted to
account
for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning less than
$14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for small
(large) employers with 50%%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for
small (large) employers with < 50%% percent low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is
conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 1.5: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
85.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
73.8%*
(Standard Error)
(5.3%)
Mining and manufacturing
94.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Construction
78.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Utilities and transportation
93.4%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Wholesale trade
89.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Financial services and real estate
92.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Retail trade
83.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Professional services
88.9%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Other services
76.8%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the estimate for firms in
the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 1.6: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees in
establishments
that offer health insurance, overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
85.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
86.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
76.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
92.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
53.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
60.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
72.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
93.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
67.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
98.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
55.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
76.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
81.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
% Full Time: 75%+
90.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
70.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
% Low Wage: <50%
88.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time 75%+,
% Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 1.7: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector establishments that
offer
health insurance that self-insure at least one plan, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
35.8%
36.9%
37.2%
37.6%
37.2%
39.0%*
40.7%*
39.2%
38.7%
39.4%
41.9%*
40.1%
38.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<10
13.1%
12.6%
14.9%
15.2%
14.4%
15.8%
19.3%*
17.7%
13.1%*
14.8%
17.6%
18.9%
18.2%^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.4%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.7%)
(1.7%)
(1.7%)
10-24
11.6%
9.9%
10.7%
9.0%
12.0%*
10.6%
13.6%*
13.3%
13.8%
12.2%
13.1%
12.0%
15.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
25-99
14.3%
12.2%*
13.5%
12.4%
12.2%
13.7%
16.6%*
16.0%
12.9%*
17.2%*
16.3%
17.7%
19.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
100-999
30.9%
31.7%
30.1%
30.1%
32.5%
33.7%
34.4%
37.2%
35.1%
33.9%
35.8%
38.0%
41.2%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
1,000+
86.6%
87.5%
87.1%
88.0%
84.2%*
83.8%
81.9%
78.6%*
81.6%*
83.1%
77.8%*
78.1%
74.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 1.8: Among establishments that offer insurance, percentage (standard
error) of
eligible employees in establishments that self-insure at least one plan, overall and by detailed firm
size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
58.4%
59.6%
60.1%
58.1%*
59.2%
59.1%
57.3%*
58.2%
56.8%
58.0%
57.1%
57.4%
54.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
<10
12.5%
11.5%
12.0%
13.2%
12.9%
13.5%
15.7%
15.6%
12.4%
12.5%
14.4%
16.9%
14.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.5%)
(1.8%)
(1.7%)
10-24
11.5%
10.1%
11.1%
9.1%
11.4%
10.5%
14.9%*
12.8%
12.9%
12.1%
12.0%
12.6%
14.5%^
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
25-99
17.3%
13.5%*
15.5%
13.4%
14.0%
14.5%
17.1%
15.3%
14.0%
18.1%*
18.0%
18.7%
19.0%^
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
100-999
35.7%
35.0%
35.7%
32.6%
39.5%*
39.5%
37.4%
42.0%*
34.7%*
37.8%
40.5%
41.4%
44.8%^
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.6%)
(1.7%)
1,000+
86.6%
89.0%*
89.0%
86.9%*
86.6%
86.4%
82.8%*
82.2%
82.2%
84.1%
77.3%*
79.0%
74.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 1.9: Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector employees in
establishments that offer family coverage and employee-plus-one coverage among establishments that offer
coverage, overall and by detailed firm size, 2022
Coverage
United States
<10 Employees
10-24 Employees
25-99 Employees
100-999 Employees
1,000+ Employees
Any Dependent Coverage
98.2%
83.0%*
90.1%*
97.7%*
99.6%
99.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.1%)
(1.5%)
(1.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.1%)
(0.1%)
Any Family Coverage
97.3%
76.8%*
85.4%*
96.6%*
99.0%*
99.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(1.7%)
(1.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.1%)
Any Employee-Plus-One
94.2%
68.1%*
79.0%*
91.8%*
94.5%*
98.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(2.0%)
(1.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.3%)
Family and Employee-Plus-One
93.3%
62.0%*
74.3%*
90.6%*
93.9%*
98.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(2.1%)
(1.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.3%)
Family Coverage Only
4.0%
14.8%*
11.1%*
5.9%*
5.2%*
1.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.2%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector
establishments, 2022. Note: This table does not include a row with estimates for
"Employee-plus-one only." These estimates can be calculated by subtracting the estimates
for "Family and Employee-Plus-One" from the estimates for "Any Employee-Plus-One."
* indicates that the estimates for firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99 and 100-999 employees are
statistically different from the estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 1.10: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees working in
establishments that offer two or more health insurance plans, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
65.6%
65.5%
65.3%
66.0%
67.0%
70.2%*
71.7%
72.4%
75.7%*
75.8%
73.8%*
73.9%
74.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
<50
26.7%
27.2%
29.3%
28.4%
29.6%
33.6%*
34.2%
34.9%
37.8%*
41.4%*
39.9%
41.0%
42.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
50-99
44.1%
46.8%
43.7%
46.6%
46.8%
50.2%
56.2%*
59.3%
56.4%
58.7%
58.6%
60.8%
57.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(2.2%)
(1.7%)
(2.2%)
(2.1%)
(2.2%)
(2.0%)
(1.9%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(2.1%)
(2.2%)
(2.3%)
100+
77.3%
76.3%
75.7%
76.5%
77.0%
79.7%*
80.7%
81.0%
84.7%*
84.5%
81.0%*
81.7%
82.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 1.11: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees working in
establishments that offer two or more health insurance plans, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
74.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
38.5%*
(Standard Error)
(8.2%)
Mining and manufacturing
70.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Construction
59.0%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Utilities and transportation
74.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
Wholesale trade
71.2%*
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
Financial services and real estate
81.7%
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Retail trade
75.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Professional services
77.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Other services
72.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the estimate for firms in
the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 1.12: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees working in
establishments that offer two or more health insurance plans, overall and by selected characteristics,
2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
74.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
74.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
70.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
76.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
57.0%*
(Standard Error)
(3.9%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
60.9%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
63.9%*
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
77.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
56.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
82.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
69.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
72.7%
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
72.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
% Full Time: 75%+
75.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
67.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
% Low Wage: <50%
75.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, employees in establishments that offer health
insurance. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce
that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce
that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the estimate is statistically
different from the estimate for the reference category within each group at p < 0.05. Reference
categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time 75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 1.13: Among establishments offering health insurance, percentage (standard
error) offering coverage to retirees under age 65, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
11.6%
13.1%*
12.3%
11.9%
11.6%
11.6%
12.5%
10.8%*
11.1%
9.7%*
10.3%
9.8%
8.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<10
2.0%
1.6%
1.8%
1.4%
1.4%
1.2%
2.3%
1.6%
2.3%
3.3%
1.6%✝
1.3%
1.0%^✝
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
10-24
1.4%
1.0%
1.2%
1.0%✝
1.5%
1.3%
1.7%
2.1%
1.6%
1.8%
1.1%✝
1.4%
0.4%*^✝
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
25-99
3.0%
3.1%
2.4%
2.2%
2.4%
1.7%
2.3%
1.9%
2.3%
2.7%
1.9%
2.1%
1.8%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
100-999
6.9%
6.8%
7.4%
6.3%
6.6%
6.0%
6.2%
7.0%
6.8%
4.2%*
5.4%
4.5%
5.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.2%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
1,000+
34.2%
37.7%*
35.3%
34.3%
32.5%
31.6%
32.4%
27.6%*
27.4%
23.7%*
23.5%
25.3%
22.8%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Note: ✝ Estimate does not meet standard of reliability or precision.
* indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically
different from the estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022
only.
Exhibit 1.14: Among establishments offering health insurance, percentage (standard
error) offering coverage to retirees age 65 and over, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
10.8%
11.9%*
11.6%
10.5%*
10.3%
10.4%
10.5%
8.6%*
8.7%
8.6%
7.6%
6.2%*
5.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
<10
2.2%
2.5%
2.6%
2.1%
2.0%
2.2%
3.4%
2.3%
3.1%
2.6%
2.4%
1.4%
1.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
10-24
2.3%
2.3%
2.8%
2.2%
2.4%
2.4%
2.7%
2.7%
1.5%
3.3%*
1.3%*
2.5%
0.7%*✝
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.2%)
25-99
3.3%
3.7%
3.4%
3.4%
2.9%
3.1%
2.6%
2.9%
2.4%
2.0%
2.2%
1.9%
1.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
100-999
7.8%
6.5%*
7.5%
6.3%
7.1%
5.5%
5.9%
5.7%
6.0%
4.7%
4.2%
3.4%
3.6%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
1,000+
29.9%
31.9%
31.1%
27.8%*
26.8%
26.1%
24.8%
20.3%*
19.7%
20.1%
16.1%*
14.4%
13.7%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(0.9%)
(1.4%)
(0.7%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
Note: ✝ Estimate does not meet standard of reliability or precision.
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically
different from the estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022
only.
The share of employees enrolled in a health plan through their employer is determined by the establishment
offer rate (described in Section 1), the share of employees eligible for coverage at establishments that
offer insurance ("eligibility rate"), and the share of eligible employees who enroll in coverage (the
"take-up rate"). Factors such as the share of workers who are part time or who are low wage, can affect
eligibility and take-up rates.
This section presents estimates for 2010 to 2022 for private-sector employees for the:
Enrollment rate (percentage of all employees enrolled in their employer's health insurance plan
regardless of whether the establishment offered health insurance). The enrollment rate is calculated by
multiplying offer, eligibility, and take-up rates. In this calculation, the enrollment rate is equal to
zero at employers that do not offer coverage;
Coverage rate (percentage of all employees enrolled in their employer's health insurance plan at
establishments that offered health insurance). The coverage rate is equal to the eligibility rate
multiplied by the take-up rate;
Eligibility rate (percentage of employees eligible for health insurance through their employer at
establishments offering health insurance); and
Take-up rate (percentage of eligible employees who enrolled in their employer's health insurance).
This section also presents estimates for 2010 to 2022 for the percentage of enrollees in single,
employee-plus-one, and family coverage and examines variation in coverage, eligibility, and take-up rates by
firm size, firm age, industry, ownership status, number of locations, percent full-time workers, and percent
low-wage workers. Finally, this section presents coverage rates by the State in which the establishment was
located.
Highlights
From 2021 to 2022, there were no statistically significant changes in enrollment rates among either
private-sector workers overall or workers employed by firms of a given size category. The overall 2022
enrollment rate of 47.7 percent is very similar to the 2019 enrollment rate of 47.6 percent, suggesting
that the enrollment rate may have returned to its prior long-term average after increasing in 2020
(Exhibit 2.1).
There were no statistically significant changes from 2021 to 2022 in the eligibility rate for employees
at private-sector establishments overall or for employees of small-, medium-, or large-firms. The overall
2022 eligibility rate of 80.8 percent remains elevated relative to the 2019 eligibility rate of 77.7
percent (Exhibit 2.4).
Between 2021 and 2022, there were no statistically significant changes in take-up rates. The 2022
overall take-up rate (69.0%) remains low relative to the 2019 take-up rate of 71.9 percent (Exhibit 2.5).
Across the Nation, eight States had 2020-2022 average coverage rates above the national average of 56.3
percent, ranging from 58.9 percent in California to 65.2 percent in Hawaii. Ten States had coverage rates
below the national average, ranging from 49.7 percent in New York to 53.2 percent in Rhode Island (Exhibit
2.9).
Key Trends
Enrollment rates are lower at small and medium firms, compared with large firms, reflecting lower offer
rates (presented in Section 1). Coverage, eligibility, and take-up rates are lower among younger firms,
firms with one location (versus multiple locations), with fewer full-time workers, and with a majority of
workers who are low wage (Exhibit 2.13).
For firms with fewer than 50 workers and firms with 50 or more workers, coverage, eligibility, and take-up
rates are generally substantially lower at firms with a majority (50 percent or more) of low-wage workers,
compared with firms with less than 50 percent of workers who are low wage (Exhibits 2.6-2.8). Continuing a
longstanding pattern, in 2022, a lower percentage of enrollees in large firms than in small and medium firms
chose single coverage (Exhibit 2.16), while a higher percentage of large-firm enrollees chose
employee-plus-one coverage and family coverage (Exhibits 2.17 and 2.18).
Exhibit 2.1: Enrollment Rate Percentage (standard error) of all private-sector
employees enrolled in health insurance offered by their employers, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
51.8%
50.6%
49.9%
49.4%
48.1%*
47.8%
47.2%
47.7%
47.8%
47.6%
49.5%*
48.0%*
47.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
34.2%
32.0%*
30.5%*
30.3%
28.3%*
27.1%
26.5%
26.7%
26.6%
27.3%
27.8%
27.1%
27.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
50-99
48.8%
46.9%
46.6%
47.6%
45.2%
47.0%
45.4%
45.0%
44.3%
47.4%
47.2%
46.3%
46.2%^
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
100+
59.5%
58.9%
58.5%
57.7%
56.7%
56.4%
56.0%
56.5%
56.5%
55.8%
57.0%
56.3%
56.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in all
establishments. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the
previous year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.2: Number Enrolled Total number (in millions) (standard error) of
private-sector employees enrolled in health insurance offered by their employers, overall and by firm
size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
56.1
54.8
55.4
56.3
55.8
57.3
58.2
59.9
62.1*
62.5
60.8
62.2
63.4
(Standard Error)
(0.8)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.7)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.9)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.8)
<50
10.2
9.5*
9.3
9.5
8.9*
8.9
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.6*
7.9*
9.2*
10.1*^
(Standard Error)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.2)
50-99
3.8
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.5^
(Standard Error)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.2)
100+
42.1
41.6
42.3
42.9
42.8
44.4*
45.3
46.9
48.9*
48.7
48.8
49.0
48.8
(Standard Error)
(0.8)
(0.5)
(0.6)
(0.7)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.8)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.8)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: The sum of estimates by firm size may differ from the U.S. total due
to
rounding. * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with
<50
and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p
< 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.3: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who
are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
59.8%
59.4%
58.9%
58.2%
57.8%
57.0%
56.0%
56.5%
56.5%
55.8%
57.0%
56.0%
55.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
59.2%
58.6%
57.7%
57.1%
56.8%
57.0%
55.5%
55.4%
56.2%
53.9%*
55.1%
53.8%
53.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50-99
55.9%
54.9%
55.4%
54.7%
54.5%
55.8%
51.2%*
52.2%
50.3%
53.8%*
53.4%
51.3%
50.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(0.8%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
100+
60.4%
60.0%
59.5%
58.8%
58.3%
57.1%
56.6%
57.1%
57.1%
56.4%
57.7%
56.9%
56.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from
the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.4: Eligibility Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees
eligible for health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
78.2%
78.0%
77.8%
77.8%
75.4%*
76.0%
76.5%
76.8%
78.0%*
77.7%
80.5%*
80.3%
80.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
78.6%
78.7%
77.9%
78.0%
77.7%
79.1%
78.7%
78.3%
79.1%
78.1%
80.2%*
79.7%
79.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
50-99
74.5%
73.6%
76.4%
76.2%
74.1%
77.8%*
76.2%
75.5%
75.6%
78.1%
77.6%
79.2%
77.8%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(0.8%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
100+
78.5%
78.3%
77.9%
77.9%
75.0%*
75.2%
76.0%
76.6%
78.0%
77.5%
80.8%*
80.5%
81.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from
the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.5: Take-Up Rate Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and
by
firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
76.5%
76.1%
75.8%
74.8%*
76.7%*
75.0%*
73.3%*
73.5%
72.4%*
71.9%
70.8%*
69.8%
69.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
<50
75.3%
74.4%
74.1%
73.1%
73.0%
72.1%
70.4%*
70.7%
71.0%
69.0%*
68.7%
67.5%
67.0%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50-99
75.1%
74.5%
72.5%
71.8%
73.5%
71.7%
67.2%*
69.1%
66.6%
68.9%
68.8%
64.7%*
64.6%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
100+
76.9%
76.7%
76.4%
75.5%*
77.8%*
76.0%*
74.4%*
74.5%
73.3%*
72.7%
71.4%*
70.7%
69.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022.
Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer health insurance.
Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p <
0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from
the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.6: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who
are enrolled in health insurance, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce that is low wage
and
by firm size, 2010-2022
Low Wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
64.7%
64.3%
62.9%*
62.1%
61.6%
61.7%
60.1%*
59.7%
59.6%
57.4%*
58.4%
56.0%*
55.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
37.2%
35.8%
35.5%
33.3%
33.5%
29.8%
28.2%
28.9%
32.6%
29.0%
29.1%
33.2%
35.4%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(1.2%)
(1.5%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.8%)
(2.2%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
69.3%
68.8%
69.0%
67.5%*
67.8%
66.3%*
64.1%*
63.8%
63.0%
63.3%
62.5%
60.6%*
60.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
34.8%
33.3%
32.9%
33.2%
30.6%*
26.7%*
27.4%
29.5%*
30.3%
29.7%
31.6%
30.8%
29.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
Key: Small
employer = fewer than 50 employees. Large employer = 50 or more employees. Source:
Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that
offer
health insurance. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted
to
account for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning
less
than $14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year
at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
small
(large) employers with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for
small
(large) employers with < 50 percent low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
for
Exhibit 2.7: Eligibility Rate Percentage of private-sector employees eligible for
health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, by the percentage of the
establishment's
workforce that is low wage and by firm size, 2010-2022
Low Wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
84.0%
84.3%
83.2%
83.3%
83.0%
83.8%
83.8%
83.0%
83.0%
81.8%
83.4%
82.4%
81.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
57.4%
56.4%
55.2%
52.9%
52.5%
51.9%
49.1%
49.6%
53.2%
51.5%
54.8%
54.9%
56.0%^
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(1.3%)
(1.0%)
(1.5%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
(2.3%)
(2.2%)
(2.2%)
(2.4%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
85.0%
85.3%
85.4%
84.3%*
84.0%
83.8%
83.4%
83.0%
83.7%
83.5%
84.9%*
84.4%
84.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
59.6%
56.9%*
57.4%
59.4%*
49.5%*
48.0%
49.7%
51.9%
53.7%
55.8%
58.7%
55.5%*
57.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.6%)
Key: Small
employer = fewer than 50 employees. Large employer = 50 or more employees. Source:
Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that
offer
health insurance. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted
to
account for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning
less
than $14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year
at p
< 0.05. ^Source: indicates that the estimates for
small
(large) employers with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for
small
(large) employers with < 50 percent low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.8: Take-Up Rate Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce
that is
low wage and by firm size, 2010-2022
Low Wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
77.0%
76.3%
75.6%
74.5%*
74.2%
73.6%
71.7%*
71.9%
71.9%
70.1%*
70.0%
68.0%*
67.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Small Employers
64.9%
63.5%
64.3%
63.0%
63.9%
57.4%*
57.5%
58.3%
61.3%
56.4%
53.0%
60.5%*
63.3%
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.7%)
(1.9%)
(2.1%)
(2.2%)
(2.1%)
(2.3%)
(2.2%)
(2.2%)
(2.3%)
(2.7%)
(2.6%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
81.5%
80.7%
80.8%
80.0%
80.7%
79.1%*
76.9%*
76.9%
75.2%*
75.8%
73.6%*
71.8%*
71.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
50%+ Low-Wage Employees, Large Employers
58.4%
58.5%
57.3%
55.9%
61.9%*
55.6%*
55.2%
57.0%
56.5%
53.2%
53.9%
55.4%
51.8%^
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(1.1%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(2.2%)
Key: Small employer = fewer than 50 employees. Large employer = 50 or more employees. Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Denominator: Within each category, eligible employees in establishments
that offer health insurance. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have
been adjusted to account for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning
less than $14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
small (large) employers with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for
small (large) employers with < 50 percent low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted
for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.9: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who
are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, by State, 3-year average,
2020-2022
Alabama
59.4%*
Kentucky
60.5%*
North Dakota
57.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Alaska
55.4%
Louisiana
54.3%
Ohio
56.4%
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Arizona
54.1%
Maine
56.5%
Oklahoma
59.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Arkansas
61.6%*
Maryland
52.6%*
Oregon
62.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
California
58.9%*
Massachusetts
57.6%
Pennsylvania
56.2%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Colorado
56.1%
Michigan
57.6%
Rhode Island
53.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Connecticut
54.9%
Minnesota
58.7%
South Carolina
56.5%
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Delaware
53.4%
Mississippi
58.0%
South Dakota
54.2%
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
District of Columbia
57.6%
Missouri
58.1%
Tennessee
55.6%
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Florida
53.0%*
Montana
58.0%
Texas
57.5%
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Georgia
55.5%
Nebraska
56.7%
Utah
52.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Hawaii
65.2%*
Nevada
54.2%
Vermont
52.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Idaho
57.8%
New Hampshire
52.5%*
Virginia
56.4%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Illinois
54.5%
New Jersey
53.9%
Washington
64.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
Indiana
55.8%
New Mexico
51.6%*
West Virginia
50.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Iowa
56.6%
New York
49.7%*
Wisconsin
52.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Kansas
55.9%
North Carolina
59.0%
Wyoming
59.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel
Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Denominator: Within each state, all employees in establishments that
offer health insurance. Note: * Statistically different from national average of 56.3
percent at p < 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 56.3 percent is
0.25.
Exhibit 2.10: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by
industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
55.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
50.1%*
(Standard Error)
(4.9%)
Mining and manufacturing
72.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Construction
57.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Utilities and transportation
62.9%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Wholesale trade
69.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Financial services and real estate
69.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Retail trade
45.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Professional services
60.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Other services
36.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer
health insurance. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the estimate
for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 2.11: Eligibility Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees eligible for health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
80.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
81.1%*
(Standard Error)
(4.5%)
Mining and manufacturing
94.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Construction
81.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Utilities and transportation
88.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Wholesale trade
94.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Financial services and real estate
92.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Retail trade
73.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Professional services
82.9%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Other services
65.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer
health
insurance. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 2.12: Take-Up Rate Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and
by
industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
69.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
61.7%*
(Standard Error)
(5.4%)
Mining and manufacturing
77.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Construction
70.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
Utilities and transportation
71.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Wholesale trade
74.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Financial services and real estate
75.6%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Retail trade
61.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Professional services
72.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Other services
55.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, eligible employees in establishments that offer
health insurance. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different
from
the estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 2.13: Coverage Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by
selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
55.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
56.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
50.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
58.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
45.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
46.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
49.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
57.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
50.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
58.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
20.4%*
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
24.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
43.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
% Full Time: 75%+
63.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
30.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
% Low Wage: <50%
59.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer
health insurance. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the estimate is statistically
different from the estimate for the reference category within each group at p < 0.05. Reference
categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time 75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 2.14: Eligibility Rate Percentage (standard error) of private-sector
employees
eligible for health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and by selected
characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
80.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
82.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
76.6%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
78.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
77.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
75.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
77.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
81.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
77.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
82.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
36.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
44.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
69.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
% Full Time: 75%+
89.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
57.3%*
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
% Low Wage: <50%
84.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, all employees in establishments that offer
health insurance. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the estimate is statistically
different from the estimate for the reference category within each group at p < 0.05. Reference
categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time 75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 2.15: Take-Up Rate Percentage (standard error) of eligible private-sector
employees who are enrolled in health insurance at establishments that offer health insurance, overall and
by
selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
69.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
68.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
66.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
74.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
59.2%*
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
61.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
64.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
70.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
65.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
70.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
56.1%*
(Standard Error)
(3.3%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
54.9%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
62.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
% Full Time: 75%+
70.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
53.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
% Low Wage: <50%
70.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Denominator: Within each category, eligible employees in establishments that offer
health insurance. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the estimate is
statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group at p <
0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time 75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 2.16: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees enrolled in
a
health insurance plan who take single coverage, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
51.3%
50.2%*
51.3%*
51.3%
52.4%*
53.5%*
55.3%*
54.6%
55.2%
55.6%
55.8%
56.3%
57.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
<50
60.3%
60.8%
61.4%
62.5%
61.5%
63.5%*
62.8%
63.5%
63.2%
62.5%
63.3%
63.2%
64.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
50-99
57.6%
58.6%
58.1%
59.4%
60.8%
61.7%
63.3%
63.3%
64.6%
61.4%*
65.1%*
63.5%
62.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(0.9%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
100+
48.6%
47.1%*
48.5%*
48.1%
49.7%*
50.8%*
53.1%*
52.1%*
52.9%
53.7%
53.8%
54.5%
54.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.17: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees enrolled in
a
health insurance plan who take employee-plus-one coverage, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
18.3%
18.9%
18.1%*
18.9%*
18.3%*
18.4%
17.8%*
19.0%*
18.6%
18.6%
18.5%
18.4%
18.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
<50
13.8%
14.3%
14.0%
13.4%
13.8%
13.7%
14.5%
13.9%
14.8%
15.7%
15.1%
15.1%
14.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
50-99
15.9%
16.4%
16.7%
16.6%
15.8%
16.2%
16.3%
15.8%
16.1%
17.1%
15.3%*
16.6%
17.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
100+
19.6%
20.1%
19.2%*
20.3%*
19.5%*
19.5%
18.6%*
20.2%*
19.6%*
19.3%
19.3%
19.2%
19.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 2.18: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector employees enrolled in
a
health insurance plan who take family coverage, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
30.3%
30.9%
30.6%
29.8%*
29.3%
28.1%*
26.8%*
26.5%
26.2%
25.8%
25.7%
25.2%
24.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
<50
25.8%
24.9%
24.6%
24.0%
24.7%
22.8%*
22.7%
22.6%
22.0%
21.8%
21.6%
21.7%
20.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
50-99
26.5%
25.1%
25.2%
24.0%
23.4%
22.1%
20.4%
20.9%
19.3%
21.5%
19.6%
19.9%
20.0%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
100+
31.8%
32.8%*
32.4%
31.6%*
30.8%*
29.7%*
28.2%*
27.7%
27.5%
27.0%
26.9%
26.4%
26.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
This section presents estimates of total health insurance premiums (i.e., the amount of premiums paid by
employees plus the amount paid by employers on behalf of their employees) for single, employee-plus-one, and
family coverage. The section also includes trends in premiums from 2010 to 2022 overall and by firm size as
well as trends in overall premium growth rates.
This section also presents information on variation in total premiums in 2022 by firm size, State where the
employer is located, industry, and other employer characteristics (including ownership type, firm age, and
single- versus multilocation status). It also presents variation in total premiums by workforce
characteristics in each establishment (including percentage of full-time workers and percentage of low-wage
workers). Finally, this section provides information on the distribution of premiums, overall and by firm
size.
In the MEPS-IC, respondents are asked to report total premiums for fully insured plans and to report total
premium equivalents for self-insured plans. If employee-plus-one premiums were different for
employee-plus-child and employee-plus-spouse coverage, respondents were instructed to report for
employee-plus-one child. If premiums for family coverage varied by family size, respondents were instructed
to report for a family of four. If an employer's premiums varied across employees for other reasons,
respondents were instructed to report for the "typical" employee.
In employer-sponsored health insurance plans, total premiums may vary for many reasons, including
demographic and health characteristics of employers' workforces and employers' industry and firm size. In
addition, premiums may vary due to differences in plan provider networks, covered services, and actuarial
values (i.e., the percentage of covered medical expenses paid by the plan, rather than out of pocket, by a
typical group of enrollees). State-level factors that may affect premiums include healthcare prices and
utilization, as well as differences in State approaches to regulating private insurance.
Highlights
In 2022, average total health insurance premiums were $7,590 for single coverage, $14,943 for
employee-plus-one coverage, and $21,931 for family coverage, representing increases of 2.8, 2.1, and 2.6
percent, respectively, over the 2021 levels (Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2).
In 2022, overall total premium distributions for all three types of coverage showed substantial
variation. The value of the premium at the 90th percentile was more than twice the value of the premium at
the 10th percentile for single ($11,000 vs. $4,700), employee-plus-one ($21,000 vs. $9,000), and family
coverage ($30,000 vs. $14,000) (Exhibit 3.15).
Average annual total premiums for 2020-2022 showed strong regional variation that was fairly consistent
for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage (Exhibits 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8):
In the Northeast census region, seven of nine States had average annual total premiums that were
higher than the national average for all three types of coverage. In the other three census regions,
only three States (Alaska, the District of Columbia, and West Virginia) had higher than average
premiums for all three types of coverage.
Eleven States had average annual total premiums that were lower than the national average for all
three types of coverage. Six of these States are located in the Southern census region, four are in
the West, and one is in the Midwest.
Key Trends
Variation in total premiums in 2022 followed a number of patterns that are in line with longer term trends.
Average total premiums for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage were consistently higher at
nonprofit establishments, in multilocation firms, and in the oldest firms (in business for 20 or more
years). For single and employee-plus one coverage, premiums were higher in establishments with less than 50
percent low-wage workers.
Premiums for all three types of coverage were lower in small firms (fewer than 50 employees) and medium
firms (50-99 employees) than in large firms (100 or more employees) at the lower end of the premium
distribution (10th percentile and 25th percentiles). However, the premiums for single and family coverage
were higher at the upper end of the distribution (90th percentile) in small and medium firms than in large
firms.
Exhibit 3.1: Average total premiums (standard error) per enrolled employee for
single, employee-plus-one and family coverage, 2010-2022
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
$4,940
$5,222*
$5,384*
$5,571*
$5,832*
$5,963*
$6,101*
$6,368*
$6,715*
$6,972*
$7,149*
$7,380*
$7,590*
(Standard Error)
($22)
($26)
($28)
($23)
($25)
($26)
($27)
($28)
($31)
($35)
($35)
($37)
($38)
Plus One
$9,664
$10,329*
$10,621*
$10,990*
$11,503*
$11,800*
$12,124*
$12,789*
$13,425*
$13,989*
$14,191
$14,634*
$14,943*
(Standard Error)
($60)
($105)
($56)
($54)
($60)
($58)
($60)
($70)
($70)
($83)
($93)
($84)
($91)
Family
$13,871
$15,022*
$15,473*
$16,029*
$16,655*
$17,322*
$17,710*
$18,687*
$19,565*
$20,486*
$20,758
$21,381*
$21,931*
(Standard Error)
($75)
($98)
($95)
($61)
($79)
($95)
($84)
($105)
($104)
($125)
($124)
($111)
($122)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year
at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 3.2: Percentage change (standard error) in total premiums from previous
year
per enrolled employee for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
Year
Single
Plus one
Family
2010
5.8%*
6.7%*
6.5%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.6%)
2011
5.7%*
6.9%*
8.3%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($1.3%)
($0.9%)
2012
3.1%*
2.8%*
3.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($1.2%)
($0.9%)
2013
3.5%*
3.5%*
3.6%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
2014
4.7%*
4.7%*
3.9%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.6%)
2015
2.2%*
2.6%*
4.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
2016
2.3%*
2.7%*
2.2%*
(Standard Error)
($0.6%)
($0.7%)
($0.7%)
2017
4.4%*
5.5%*
5.5%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2018
5.4%*
5.0%*
4.7%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2019
3.8%*
4.2%*
4.7%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.8%)
($0.8%)
2020
2.5%*
1.4%
1.3%
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.9%)
2021
3.2%*
3.1%*
3.0%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.8%)
2022
2.8%*
2.1%*
2.6%*
(Standard Error)
($0.7%)
($0.9%)
($0.8%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from zero at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 3.3: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
by
firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$4,940
$5,222*
$5,384*
$5,571*
$5,832*
$5,963*
$6,101*
$6,368*
$6,715*
$6,972*
$7,149*
$7,380*
$7,590*
(Standard Error)
($22)
($26)
($28)
($23)
($25)
($26)
($27)
($28)
($31)
($35)
($35)
($37)
($38)
<50
$4,956
$5,258*
$5,460*
$5,628*
$5,886*
$5,947
$6,070
$6,421*
$6,667*
$6,920*
$7,045
$7,382*
$7,513
(Standard Error)
($34)
($39)
($60)
($39)
($55)
($55)
($53)
($61)
($63)
($73)
($70)
($84)
($81)
50-99
$4,713
$4,861
$5,246*
$5,314
$5,549*
$5,642
$5,743
$6,163*
$6,287
$6,629*
$6,870
$7,189
$7,465
(Standard Error)
($52)
($75)
($39)
($73)
($82)
($104)
($96)
($121)
($111)
($99)
($129)
($129)
($153)
100+
$4,959
$5,252*
$5,378*
$5,584*
$5,851*
$6,006*
$6,146*
$6,377*
$6,770*
$7,019*
$7,197*
$7,399*
$7,622*
(Standard Error)
($23)
($31)
($28)
($29)
($30)
($31)
($32)
($33)
($37)
($42)
($41)
($43)
($45)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 3.4: Average total employee-plus-one premium (standard error) per enrolled
employee, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$9,664
$10,329*
$10,621*
$10,990*
$11,503*
$11,800*
$12,124*
$12,789*
$13,425*
$13,989*
$14,191
$14,634*
$14,943*
(Standard Error)
($60)
($105)
($56)
($54)
($60)
($58)
($60)
($70)
($70)
($83)
($93)
($84)
($91)
<50
$9,850
$10,253*
$10,524
$11,050*
$11,386
$11,666
$11,833
$12,558*
$13,044*
$13,619
$13,522
$14,326*
$14,093^
(Standard Error)
($80)
($104)
($121)
($92)
($163)
($158)
($156)
($170)
($176)
($248)
($212)
($262)
($240)
50-99
$9,166
$9,615*
$10,178*
$10,673
$10,845
$10,885
$11,389
$11,931
$12,593*
$13,248
$13,766
$14,314
$14,458
(Standard Error)
($124)
($192)
($185)
($330)
($187)
($198)
($227)
($232)
($236)
($321)
($246)
($295)
($350)
100+
$9,669
$10,394*
$10,672*
$11,006*
$11,571*
$11,892*
$12,225*
$12,878*
$13,537*
$14,105*
$14,304
$14,703*
$15,117*
(Standard Error)
($62)
($113)
($70)
($59)
($68)
($66)
($68)
($79)
($79)
($92)
($106)
($93)
($103)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 3.5: Average total family premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
by
firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$13,871
$15,022*
$15,473*
$16,029*
$16,655*
$17,322*
$17,710*
$18,687*
$19,565*
$20,486*
$20,758
$21,381*
$21,931*
(Standard Error)
($75)
($98)
($95)
($61)
($79)
($95)
($84)
($105)
($104)
($125)
($124)
($111)
($122)
<50
$13,170
$14,086*
$14,496
$14,787
$15,575*
$15,919
$16,471
$17,649*
$18,296*
$19,417*
$19,416
$20,406*
$20,406^
(Standard Error)
($111)
($145)
($181)
($89)
($177)
($212)
($207)
($192)
($231)
($303)
($283)
($320)
($310)
50-99
$13,019
$14,151*
$15,421*
$15,376
$15,732
$16,336
$16,214
$17,735*
$18,386
$19,893*
$19,827
$20,551
$21,289^
(Standard Error)
($153)
($168)
($273)
($268)
($274)
($335)
($348)
($327)
($473)
($435)
($422)
($396)
($451)
100+
$14,074
$15,245*
$15,641*
$16,284*
$16,903*
$17,612*
$18,000*
$18,911*
$19,824*
$20,697*
$20,990
$21,584*
$22,228*
(Standard Error)
($85)
($117)
($114)
($82)
($91)
($110)
($95)
($122)
($118)
($143)
($139)
($124)
($139)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 3.6: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
by
State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$6,543*
Kentucky
$7,020*
North Dakota
$7,413
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($92)
(Standard Error)
($96)
Alaska
$8,681*
Louisiana
$6,902*
Ohio
$7,252
(Standard Error)
($188)
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($109)
Arizona
$6,816*
Maine
$7,653*
Oklahoma
$6,852*
(Standard Error)
($125)
(Standard Error)
($101)
(Standard Error)
($93)
Arkansas
$6,493*
Maryland
$7,536
Oregon
$7,097
(Standard Error)
($113)
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($159)
California
$7,379
Massachusetts
$7,827*
Pennsylvania
$7,556*
(Standard Error)
($85)
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($96)
Colorado
$6,993*
Michigan
$7,016*
Rhode Island
$7,789*
(Standard Error)
($118)
(Standard Error)
($130)
(Standard Error)
($119)
Connecticut
$7,747*
Minnesota
$7,229
South Carolina
$7,300
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($132)
(Standard Error)
($98)
Delaware
$7,709*
Mississippi
$6,689*
South Dakota
$7,257
(Standard Error)
($167)
(Standard Error)
($105)
(Standard Error)
($93)
District of Columbia
$8,159*
Missouri
$7,339
Tennessee
$6,768*
(Standard Error)
($145)
(Standard Error)
($119)
(Standard Error)
($101)
Florida
$7,336
Montana
$7,309
Texas
$7,154
(Standard Error)
($110)
(Standard Error)
($121)
(Standard Error)
($87)
Georgia
$7,125
Nebraska
$7,613*
Utah
$6,640*
(Standard Error)
($140)
(Standard Error)
($102)
(Standard Error)
($140)
Hawaii
$6,907*
Nevada
$6,658*
Vermont
$8,034*
(Standard Error)
($93)
(Standard Error)
($123)
(Standard Error)
($101)
Idaho
$6,862*
New Hampshire
$7,934*
Virginia
$7,259
(Standard Error)
($127)
(Standard Error)
($126)
(Standard Error)
($132)
Illinois
$7,362
New Jersey
$7,646*
Washington
$7,314
(Standard Error)
($100)
(Standard Error)
($139)
(Standard Error)
($125)
Indiana
$7,453
New Mexico
$7,480
West Virginia
$7,647*
(Standard Error)
($112)
(Standard Error)
($106)
(Standard Error)
($156)
Iowa
$7,086
New York
$8,423*
Wisconsin
$7,318
(Standard Error)
($130)
(Standard Error)
($119)
(Standard Error)
($105)
Kansas
$6,777*
North Carolina
$7,246
Wyoming
$7,846*
(Standard Error)
($108)
(Standard Error)
($149)
(Standard Error)
($175)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from national average of $7,322 at p <
0.05.
Exhibit 3.7: Average total employee-plus-one premium (standard error) per enrolled
employee, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$13,125*
Kentucky
$14,501
North Dakota
$14,320
(Standard Error)
($262)
(Standard Error)
($329)
(Standard Error)
($218)
Alaska
$17,322*
Louisiana
$13,531*
Ohio
$14,395
(Standard Error)
($315)
(Standard Error)
($249)
(Standard Error)
($260)
Arizona
$13,683*
Maine
$14,854
Oklahoma
$13,586*
(Standard Error)
($230)
(Standard Error)
($242)
(Standard Error)
($230)
Arkansas
$12,787*
Maryland
$15,153*
Oregon
$14,296
(Standard Error)
($212)
(Standard Error)
($291)
(Standard Error)
($252)
California
$14,471
Massachusetts
$15,631*
Pennsylvania
$15,065*
(Standard Error)
($217)
(Standard Error)
($311)
(Standard Error)
($261)
Colorado
$14,290
Michigan
$14,271
Rhode Island
$15,395*
(Standard Error)
($260)
(Standard Error)
($204)
(Standard Error)
($273)
Connecticut
$15,681*
Minnesota
$14,911
South Carolina
$14,433
(Standard Error)
($296)
(Standard Error)
($329)
(Standard Error)
($255)
Delaware
$14,368
Mississippi
$13,329*
South Dakota
$14,967
(Standard Error)
($391)
(Standard Error)
($229)
(Standard Error)
($267)
District of Columbia
$15,772*
Missouri
$14,129
Tennessee
$13,321*
(Standard Error)
($362)
(Standard Error)
($239)
(Standard Error)
($227)
Florida
$14,109
Montana
$14,071
Texas
$14,054*
(Standard Error)
($249)
(Standard Error)
($413)
(Standard Error)
($177)
Georgia
$14,262
Nebraska
$14,718
Utah
$13,731*
(Standard Error)
($328)
(Standard Error)
($195)
(Standard Error)
($361)
Hawaii
$13,748*
Nevada
$13,265*
Vermont
$16,027*
(Standard Error)
($268)
(Standard Error)
($311)
(Standard Error)
($207)
Idaho
$12,609*
New Hampshire
$16,523*
Virginia
$13,712*
(Standard Error)
($294)
(Standard Error)
($337)
(Standard Error)
($243)
Illinois
$14,532
New Jersey
$15,685*
Washington
$14,227
(Standard Error)
($210)
(Standard Error)
($281)
(Standard Error)
($277)
Indiana
$14,714
New Mexico
$13,952*
West Virginia
$15,579*
(Standard Error)
($267)
(Standard Error)
($247)
(Standard Error)
($347)
Iowa
$13,373*
New York
$16,136*
Wisconsin
$15,145*
(Standard Error)
($232)
(Standard Error)
($307)
(Standard Error)
($238)
Kansas
$13,317*
North Carolina
$14,064
Wyoming
$15,459*
(Standard Error)
($234)
(Standard Error)
($442)
(Standard Error)
($403)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from national average of $14,463 at p <
0.05.
Exhibit 3.8: Average total family premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
by
State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$18,742*
Kentucky
$21,224
North Dakota
$20,853
(Standard Error)
($318)
(Standard Error)
($419)
(Standard Error)
($266)
Alaska
$23,600*
Louisiana
$19,422*
Ohio
$20,786
(Standard Error)
($592)
(Standard Error)
($350)
(Standard Error)
($313)
Arizona
$20,045*
Maine
$21,242
Oklahoma
$19,402*
(Standard Error)
($358)
(Standard Error)
($328)
(Standard Error)
($285)
Arkansas
$18,294*
Maryland
$21,455
Oregon
$20,139*
(Standard Error)
($332)
(Standard Error)
($360)
(Standard Error)
($354)
California
$21,591
Massachusetts
$22,329*
Pennsylvania
$21,270
(Standard Error)
($264)
(Standard Error)
($337)
(Standard Error)
($323)
Colorado
$20,526*
Michigan
$19,948*
Rhode Island
$22,041*
(Standard Error)
($296)
(Standard Error)
($305)
(Standard Error)
($328)
Connecticut
$23,221*
Minnesota
$21,489
South Carolina
$20,398*
(Standard Error)
($418)
(Standard Error)
($570)
(Standard Error)
($342)
Delaware
$22,042
Mississippi
$19,760*
South Dakota
$21,719
(Standard Error)
($513)
(Standard Error)
($351)
(Standard Error)
($584)
District of Columbia
$23,585*
Missouri
$21,446
Tennessee
$19,198*
(Standard Error)
($458)
(Standard Error)
($340)
(Standard Error)
($320)
Florida
$21,122
Montana
$20,563
Texas
$21,289
(Standard Error)
($338)
(Standard Error)
($515)
(Standard Error)
($247)
Georgia
$21,279
Nebraska
$21,126
Utah
$19,608*
(Standard Error)
($431)
(Standard Error)
($378)
(Standard Error)
($362)
Hawaii
$19,439*
Nevada
$19,961*
Vermont
$22,786*
(Standard Error)
($361)
(Standard Error)
($447)
(Standard Error)
($344)
Idaho
$20,427
New Hampshire
$23,801*
Virginia
$20,274*
(Standard Error)
($473)
(Standard Error)
($490)
(Standard Error)
($411)
Illinois
$20,955
New Jersey
$23,069*
Washington
$20,670
(Standard Error)
($336)
(Standard Error)
($440)
(Standard Error)
($415)
Indiana
$20,719
New Mexico
$20,381
West Virginia
$23,033*
(Standard Error)
($397)
(Standard Error)
($416)
(Standard Error)
($445)
Iowa
$20,116*
New York
$23,431*
Wisconsin
$21,619
(Standard Error)
($412)
(Standard Error)
($393)
(Standard Error)
($317)
Kansas
$19,417*
North Carolina
$20,566
Wyoming
$21,834
(Standard Error)
($343)
(Standard Error)
($474)
(Standard Error)
($465)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from national average of $21,158 at p <
0.05.
Exhibit 3.9: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Amount
United States
$7,590
(Standard Error)
($38)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
$6,233*
(Standard Error)
($636)
Mining and manufacturing
$7,324*
(Standard Error)
($120)
Construction
$6,932*
(Standard Error)
($170)
Utilities and transportation
$7,835
(Standard Error)
($200)
Wholesale trade
$7,521*
(Standard Error)
($124)
Financial services and real estate
$8,155
(Standard Error)
($105)
Retail trade
$7,180*
(Standard Error)
($108)
Professional services
$8,039
(Standard Error)
($61)
Other services
$7,008*
(Standard Error)
($92)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 3.10: Average total employee-plus-one premium (standard error) per
enrolled
employee, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Amount
United States
$14,943
(Standard Error)
($91)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
$12,300*
(Standard Error)
($848)
Mining and manufacturing
$14,645*
(Standard Error)
($200)
Construction
$13,507*
(Standard Error)
($568)
Utilities and transportation
$15,553
(Standard Error)
($382)
Wholesale trade
$15,142
(Standard Error)
($345)
Financial services and real estate
$15,535
(Standard Error)
($265)
Retail trade
$13,866*
(Standard Error)
($259)
Professional services
$15,561
(Standard Error)
($157)
Other services
$14,093*
(Standard Error)
($230)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 3.11: Average total family premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Amount
United States
$21,931
(Standard Error)
($122)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
$20,264
(Standard Error)
($2616)
Mining and manufacturing
$21,285*
(Standard Error)
($256)
Construction
$20,108*
(Standard Error)
($490)
Utilities and transportation
$22,139*
(Standard Error)
($373)
Wholesale trade
$22,557
(Standard Error)
($350)
Financial services and real estate
$23,249
(Standard Error)
($358)
Retail trade
$20,699*
(Standard Error)
($312)
Professional services
$22,830
(Standard Error)
($246)
Other services
$19,928*
(Standard Error)
($312)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 3.12: Average total single premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Amount
United States
$7,590
(Standard Error)
($38)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
$7,477*
(Standard Error)
($45)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
$7,187*
(Standard Error)
($109)
Ownership: Nonprofit
$8,410
(Standard Error)
($94)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
$6,351*
(Standard Error)
($209)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
$6,865*
(Standard Error)
($177)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
$7,184*
(Standard Error)
($99)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
$7,742
(Standard Error)
($42)
# of Locations: 1 Location
$7,383*
(Standard Error)
($72)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
$7,690
(Standard Error)
($45)
% Full Time: 0-24%
$6,826*
(Standard Error)
($263)
% Full Time: 25-49%
$7,472
(Standard Error)
($151)
% Full Time: 50-74%
$7,494
(Standard Error)
($100)
% Full Time: 75%+
$7,626
(Standard Error)
($43)
% Low Wage: 50%+
$7,298*
(Standard Error)
($127)
% Low Wage: <50%
$7,614
(Standard Error)
($40)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 3.13: Average total employee-plus-one premium (standard error) per
enrolled employee, overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Amount
United States
$14,943
(Standard Error)
($91)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
$14,765*
(Standard Error)
($109)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
$14,531*
(Standard Error)
($231)
Ownership: Nonprofit
$15,963
(Standard Error)
($241)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
$12,545*
(Standard Error)
($412)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
$13,227*
(Standard Error)
($449)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
$13,788*
(Standard Error)
($345)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
$15,206
(Standard Error)
($98)
# of Locations: 1 Location
$14,127*
(Standard Error)
($198)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
$15,219
(Standard Error)
($102)
% Full Time: 0-24%
$13,955
(Standard Error)
($596)
% Full Time: 25-49%
$14,625
(Standard Error)
($639)
% Full Time: 50-74%
$14,623
(Standard Error)
($274)
% Full Time: 75%+
$15,003
(Standard Error)
($99)
% Low Wage: 50%+
$13,740*
(Standard Error)
($377)
% Low Wage: <50%
$15,019
(Standard Error)
($94)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 3.14: Average total family premium (standard error) per enrolled employee,
overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Amount
United States
$21,931
(Standard Error)
($122)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
$21,829*
(Standard Error)
($140)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
$21,357*
(Standard Error)
($321)
Ownership: Nonprofit
$22,714
(Standard Error)
($355)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
$18,768*
(Standard Error)
($534)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
$20,046*
(Standard Error)
($699)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
$20,595*
(Standard Error)
($421)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
$22,255
(Standard Error)
($132)
# of Locations: 1 Location
$20,827*
(Standard Error)
($254)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
$22,314
(Standard Error)
($140)
% Full Time: 0-24%
$21,424
(Standard Error)
($936)
% Full Time: 25-49%
$21,196
(Standard Error)
($1288)
% Full Time: 50-74%
$21,544
(Standard Error)
($416)
% Full Time: 75%+
$22,005
(Standard Error)
($127)
% Low Wage: 50%+
$20,748
(Standard Error)
($619)
% Low Wage: <50%
$21,986
(Standard Error)
($124)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 3.15: Premium distributions (standard error) for employees enrolled in
single,
employee-plus-one, and family coverage, overall and by firm size, 2022
Coverage
Estimate
Total
<50 employees
50-99 employees
100 or more employees
Single
Average (mean)
$7,590
$7,513
$7,465
$7,622
(Standard Error)
($38)
($81)
($153)
($45)
10 percentile
$4,700
$4,200*
$4,100*
$4,900
(Standard Error)
($71)
($109)
($236)
($91)
25 percentile
$6,000
$5,400*
$5,500*
$6,200
(Standard Error)
($39)
($82)
($139)
($46)
50 percentile (median)
$7,400
$7,100*
$7,200
$7,500
(Standard Error)
($37)
($100)
($157)
($41)
75 percentile
$8,800
$9,100*
$8,800
$8,700
(Standard Error)
($51)
($171)
($166)
($61)
90 percentile
$11,000
$12,000*
$11,000*
$10,000
(Standard Error)
($88)
($219)
($453)
($81)
Employee-plus-one
Average (mean)
$14,943
$14,093*
$14,458
$15,117
(Standard Error)
($91)
($240)
($350)
($103)
10 percentile
$9,000
$7,200*
$8,000*
$9,600
(Standard Error)
($161)
($446)
($716)
($251)
25 percentile
$12,000
$10,000*
$11,000*
$12,000
(Standard Error)
($116)
($296)
($261)
($136)
50 percentile (median)
$15,000
$13,000*
$14,000*
$15,000
(Standard Error)
($85)
($236)
($296)
($96)
75 percentile
$18,000
$18,000
$17,000
$18,000
(Standard Error)
($140)
($373)
($579)
($153)
90 percentile
$21,000
$22,000
$22,000
$21,000
(Standard Error)
($152)
($652)
($660)
($169)
Family
Average (mean)
$21,931
$20,406*
$21,289*
$22,228
(Standard Error)
($122)
($310)
($451)
($139)
10 percentile
$14,000
$11,000*
$11,000*
$14,000
(Standard Error)
($337)
($567)
($802)
($307)
25 percentile
$18,000
$15,000*
$16,000*
$19,000
(Standard Error)
($186)
($257)
($476)
($163)
50 percentile (median)
$22,000
$20,000*
$20,000*
$22,000
(Standard Error)
($108)
($350)
($615)
($104)
75 percentile
$26,000
$25,000*
$26,000
$26,000
(Standard Error)
($139)
($474)
($844)
($146)
90 percentile
$30,000
$31,000*
$32,000*
$29,000
(Standard Error)
($258)
($656)
($724)
($298)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99
employees
are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05.
Section 4: Employee and Employer Premium Contributions
This section presents estimates of employee and employer premium contributions for single,
employee-plus-one, and family coverage, both in nominal dollars and as a percentage of total annual premiums
per enrolled employee. This section also presents trends from 2010 to 2022 and provides information on
employee premium contributions by firm size, State where the enrolled employees' establishment was located,
industry, and other employer characteristics. In addition, this section presents the distribution of
employee contributions by firm size in 2022.
In the MEPS IC, respondents are asked to report the contributions employers and employees make to total
health insurance premiums. If employee-plus-one total premiums for the year in question were different for
employee-plus-child and employee-plus-spouse coverage, respondents are instructed to report employer and
employee contributions for employee-plus-one child coverage. If total premiums for family coverage varied by
family size, respondents are instructed to report the information for a family of four. If an employer's
premiums varied across employees for other reasons, respondents are instructed to report for the "typical"
employee.
Employee and employer premium contributions for employer-sponsored health insurance plans can vary due to
(1) variation in total premiums and (2) variation in employee and employer shares of total premiums. Total
premiums may vary for a number of reasons, including demographic and health characteristics of employers'
workforces and employers' industry and firm size (as described in Section 3).
The shares of total premiums paid by employees and employers can vary by firm size and other firm
characteristics, as well as type of coverage. Employees typically pay a lower share of premiums for single
coverage than for employee-plus-one and family coverage, which cover the employee and one or more
dependents.
Highlights
In 2022, enrolled employees paid on average 21.6 percent of total premiums for single coverage, 28.4
percent for employee-plus-one coverage, and 29.6 percent for family coverage. These shares are not
significantly different from their 2021 levels (Exhibit 4.1).
Average employee contributions in 2022 for single ($1,637) and employee-plus-one ($4,237) coverage were
not significantly different from their 2021 levels (Exhibit 4.2).
Average employer contributions for single and employee-plus-one coverage were $5,953 and $10,706,
representing increases of 3.8 percent and 2.6 percent, respectively, over the 2021 levels (Exhibits 4.3
and 4.4).
The average employee contribution in 2022 for family coverage was $6,492, representing an increase of
5.2 percent over the 2021 level. The average employer contribution for family coverage ($15,439) was not
significantly different from the 2021 level (Exhibit 4.5).
Average annual employee premium contributions, based on pooled 2020-2022 data, varied widely by State.
These contributions ranged from $918 in Hawaii to $1,865 in Vermont for single coverage; from $3,446 in
Michigan to $4,769 in North Carolina for employee-plus-one coverage; and from $4,615 in Michigan to $7,202
in Florida for family coverage (Exhibits 4.15, 4.16, and 4.17).
In 2022, the distribution of employee premium contributions showed substantial variation for all three
coverage types. Enrolled employees at the 90th percentile of the distribution paid much larger amounts
than those at the 10th percentile for single ($3,300 vs. $0), employee-plus-one ($8,400 vs. $780), and
family coverage ($13,000 vs. $1,300) (Exhibit 4.27).
Key Trends and Differences
Variation in employee premium contributions in 2022 exhibited a number of patterns broadly consistent with
those seen in previous years:
In 2022, the employee share of premiums for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage was lower at
nonprofit establishments, multilocation establishments, and establishments where less than 50 percent of
the workforce was low wage than at other employers.
Employee premium contributions showed substantial variation within and across firm size categories. The
percentages of enrollees with no required premium contribution for single, employee-plus-one, and family
coverage were highest at the smallest firms (fewer than 10 employees) and tended to fall as firm size
increased.
Employees enrolled in employee-plus-one and family coverage in small (fewer than 50 employees) and
medium firms (50-99 employees) had higher average employee contributions, both in dollars and percentages,
than those in large firms (100 or more employees). This situation occurred because employee contributions
at the top end of the distribution tended to be higher in smaller firms. For example, at the 90th
percentile, the employee contribution for family coverage was $17,000 at small firms, $16,000 at medium
firms, and $12,000 at large firms.
As in previous years, average annual employee contributions for 2020-2022 showed regional variation that
was not always consistent across coverage types:
For this 3-year period, seven of the nine States in the Northeast census region had average annual
employee contributions (in dollars) that were higher than the national average for single coverage.
However, no Northeastern State had higher than average employee contributions for dependent coverage.
In addition, for this 3-year period, for all three types of coverage, average annual employee
contributions (in dollars) tended to be higher than or not significantly different from the national
average in the Southern census region. Employee contributions tended to be lower than or not
significantly different from the national average in the West.
Exhibit 4.1: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
20.7%
20.9%
20.8%
21.0%
21.2%
21.1%
21.7%*
22.2%
21.3%*
21.4%
21.4%
22.3%*
21.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
Plus One
25.8%
26.5%
26.6%
26.7%
26.9%
27.3%
27.8%
27.6%
27.1%
27.7%
28.4%
28.7%
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Family
26.8%
26.4%
27.4%*
27.6%
27.1%
27.2%
28.0%
27.9%
27.8%
28.0%
28.8%
28.9%
29.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 4.2: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, 2010-2022
Coverage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Single
$1,021
$1,090*
$1,118
$1,170*
$1,234*
$1,255
$1,325*
$1,415*
$1,427
$1,489*
$1,532
$1,643*
$1,637
(Standard Error)
($14)
($9)
($14)
($16)
($13)
($14)
($13)
($15)
($14)
($18)
($16)
($19)
($24)
Plus One
$2,498
$2,736*
$2,824
$2,940*
$3,097*
$3,220*
$3,376*
$3,531*
$3,634
$3,881*
$4,035*
$4,199*
$4,237
(Standard Error)
($42)
($36)
($46)
($23)
($40)
($35)
($36)
($39)
($39)
($54)
($52)
($64)
($56)
Family
$3,721
$3,962*
$4,236*
$4,421*
$4,518
$4,710*
$4,956*
$5,218*
$5,431*
$5,726*
$5,978*
$6,174
$6,492*
(Standard Error)
($53)
($42)
($69)
($50)
($48)
($56)
($56)
($64)
($63)
($82)
($76)
($87)
($93)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 4.3: Average annual employee contribution, employer contribution, and
total
premium (standard error) for single coverage, 2010-2022
Type of Premium
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total Premium
$4,940
$5,222
$5,384
$5,571
$5,832
$5,963
$6,101
$6,368
$6,715
$6,972
$7,149
$7,380
$7,590
(Standard Error)
($22)
($26)
($28)
($23)
($25)
($26)
($27)
($28)
($31)
($35)
($35)
($37)
($38)
Employer Contribution
$3,918
$4,132
$4,267
$4,401
$4,598
$4,708
$4,776
$4,953
$5,288
$5,483
$5,617
$5,737
$5,953
(Standard Error)
($19)
($25)
($28)
($21)
($25)
($26)
($26)
($29)
($31)
($36)
($35)
($36)
($38)
Employee Contribution
$1,021
$1,090
$1,118
$1,170
$1,234
$1,255
$1,325
$1,415
$1,427
$1,489
$1,532
$1,643
$1,637
(Standard Error)
($14)
($9)
($14)
($16)
($13)
($14)
($13)
($15)
($14)
($18)
($16)
($19)
($24)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: The sum of employee and employer contributions may not exactly equal
the total premium due to rounding.
Exhibit 4.4: Average annual employee contribution, employer contribution, and
total
premium (standard error) for employee-plus-one coverage, 2010-2022
Type of Premium
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total Premium
$9,664
$10,329
$10,621
$10,990
$11,503
$11,800
$12,124
$12,789
$13,425
$13,989
$14,191
$14,634
$14,943
(Standard Error)
($60)
($105)
($56)
($54)
($60)
($58)
($60)
($70)
($70)
($83)
($93)
($84)
($91)
Employer Contribution
$7,167
$7,593
$7,797
$8,050
$8,406
$8,579
$8,748
$9,258
$9,791
$10,108
$10,156
$10,435
$10,706
(Standard Error)
($40)
($95)
($45)
($55)
($65)
($57)
($61)
($75)
($70)
($93)
($99)
($79)
($93)
Employee Contribution
$2,498
$2,736
$2,824
$2,940
$3,097
$3,220
$3,376
$3,531
$3,634
$3,881
$4,035
$4,199
$4,237
(Standard Error)
($42)
($36)
($46)
($23)
($40)
($35)
($36)
($39)
($39)
($54)
($52)
($64)
($56)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: The sum of employee and employer contributions may not exactly equal
the total premium due to rounding.
Exhibit 4.5: Average annual employee contribution, employer contribution, and
total
premium (standard error) for family coverage, 2010-2022
Type of Premium
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total Premium
$13,871
$15,022
$15,473
$16,029
$16,655
$17,322
$17,710
$18,687
$19,565
$20,486
$20,758
$21,381
$21,931
(Standard Error)
($75)
($98)
($95)
($61)
($79)
($95)
($84)
($105)
($104)
($125)
($124)
($111)
($122)
Employer Contribution
$10,150
$11,060
$11,238
$11,608
$12,137
$12,612
$12,754
$13,469
$14,134
$14,760
$14,781
$15,207
$15,439
(Standard Error)
($94)
($98)
($74)
($48)
($82)
($94)
($90)
($113)
($110)
($132)
($139)
($116)
($128)
Employee Contribution
$3,721
$3,962
$4,236
$4,421
$4,518
$4,710
$4,956
$5,218
$5,431
$5,726
$5,978
$6,174
$6,492
(Standard Error)
($53)
($42)
($69)
($50)
($48)
($56)
($56)
($64)
($63)
($82)
($76)
($87)
($93)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: The sum of employee and employer contributions may not exactly equal
the total premium due to rounding.
Exhibit 4.6: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees for single coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
20.7%
20.9%
20.8%
21.0%
21.2%
21.1%
21.7%*
22.2%
21.3%*
21.4%
21.4%
22.3%*
21.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
<50
18.3%
18.3%
17.9%
18.6%
17.6%
17.9%
20.0%*
20.0%
20.3%
21.0%
20.9%
22.4%
21.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
50-99
22.0%
22.7%
20.9%
21.5%
22.0%
21.8%
24.3%
21.9%
24.4%*
23.6%
22.9%
24.9%
24.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(1.2%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
100+
21.3%
21.5%
21.6%
21.7%
22.0%
21.8%
21.9%
22.8%*
21.2%*
21.2%
21.4%
22.0%
21.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.7: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
single coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$1,021
$1,090*
$1,118
$1,170*
$1,234*
$1,255
$1,325*
$1,415*
$1,427
$1,489*
$1,532
$1,643*
$1,637
(Standard Error)
($14)
($9)
($14)
($16)
($13)
($14)
($13)
($15)
($14)
($18)
($16)
($19)
($24)
<50
$907
$960
$979
$1,045
$1,035
$1,065
$1,216*
$1,287
$1,351
$1,454
$1,469
$1,650*
$1,635
(Standard Error)
($29)
($22)
($20)
($27)
($30)
($29)
($32)
($34)
($39)
($43)
($43)
($47)
($51)
50-99
$1,035
$1,101
$1,096
$1,145
$1,220
$1,230
$1,393
$1,349
$1,534*
$1,561
$1,571
$1,793*
$1,832
(Standard Error)
($34)
($64)
($37)
($59)
($57)
($65)
($60)
($50)
($51)
($69)
($60)
($89)
($107)
100+
$1,054
$1,127*
$1,159
$1,209*
$1,287*
$1,307
$1,343
$1,451*
$1,433
$1,490*
$1,540
$1,627*
$1,617
(Standard Error)
($20)
($9)
($16)
($13)
($15)
($17)
($15)
($18)
($16)
($21)
($18)
($21)
($28)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.8: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for employee-plus-one coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
25.8%
26.5%
26.6%
26.7%
26.9%
27.3%
27.8%
27.6%
27.1%
27.7%
28.4%
28.7%
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
28.8%
28.7%
28.5%
28.2%
28.8%
29.6%
29.4%
29.9%
30.8%
31.2%
32.5%
34.8%
33.4%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.7%)
(1.1%)
50-99
33.3%
33.2%
33.3%
34.0%
33.4%
34.6%
35.8%
36.5%
37.6%
39.0%
38.8%
38.6%
34.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(2.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.6%)
100+
24.8%
25.7%
25.8%
26.0%
26.2%
26.4%
27.0%
26.7%
25.9%
26.4%
27.3%
27.1%
27.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.9: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
employee-plus-one coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$2,498
$2,736*
$2,824
$2,940*
$3,097*
$3,220*
$3,376*
$3,531*
$3,634
$3,881*
$4,035*
$4,199*
$4,237
(Standard Error)
($42)
($36)
($46)
($23)
($40)
($35)
($36)
($39)
($39)
($54)
($52)
($64)
($56)
<50
$2,836
$2,942
$3,004
$3,117
$3,275
$3,454
$3,479
$3,760
$4,017
$4,244
$4,398
$4,984
$4,711^
(Standard Error)
($84)
($84)
($87)
($107)
($95)
($101)
($101)
($130)
($120)
($149)
($171)
($288)
($165)
50-99
$3,056
$3,189
$3,389
$3,630*
$3,619
$3,765
$4,077
$4,358
$4,732
$5,163
$5,337
$5,526
$5,052^
(Standard Error)
($121)
($68)
($87)
($86)
($140)
($174)
($131)
($176)
($161)
($353)
($196)
($224)
($211)
100+
$2,398
$2,670*
$2,751
$2,862
$3,031*
$3,144
$3,307*
$3,445*
$3,504
$3,723*
$3,903*
$3,986
$4,096
(Standard Error)
($46)
($48)
($49)
($30)
($46)
($37)
($40)
($41)
($43)
($55)
($56)
($62)
($62)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.10: Average percentage of premium contributed (standard error) by
employees
for family coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
26.8%
26.4%
27.4%*
27.6%
27.1%
27.2%
28.0%
27.9%
27.8%
28.0%
28.8%
28.9%
29.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
<50
31.3%
29.4%
30.1%
28.6%
28.4%
28.8%
27.4%
30.7%*
32.0%
32.7%
34.6%
34.1%
35.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
50-99
34.2%
33.0%
31.6%
34.9%*
33.1%
33.7%
35.9%
32.4%
37.9%*
38.3%
36.6%
38.9%
36.6%^
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
(1.3%)
(0.8%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.6%)
(1.8%)
(1.7%)
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
(2.6%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
100+
25.5%
25.5%
26.7%*
26.9%
26.5%
26.5%
27.6%*
27.3%
26.6%
26.6%
27.6%
27.5%
28.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.11: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
family coverage, by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$3,721
$3,962*
$4,236*
$4,421*
$4,518
$4,710*
$4,956*
$5,218*
$5,431*
$5,726*
$5,978*
$6,174
$6,492*
(Standard Error)
($53)
($42)
($69)
($50)
($48)
($56)
($56)
($64)
($63)
($82)
($76)
($87)
($93)
<50
$4,117
$4,144
$4,366
$4,228
$4,426
$4,587
$4,510
$5,413*
$5,854
$6,341
$6,714
$6,967
$7,324^
(Standard Error)
($63)
($148)
($135)
($155)
($122)
($156)
($146)
($188)
($188)
($209)
($271)
($283)
($292)
50-99
$4,455
$4,669
$4,866
$5,360*
$5,206
$5,502
$5,821
$5,738
$6,973*
$7,623
$7,261
$7,997
$7,788^
(Standard Error)
($196)
($143)
($150)
($201)
($220)
($255)
($330)
($317)
($336)
($354)
($477)
($384)
($397)
100+
$3,588
$3,882*
$4,169*
$4,387*
$4,483
$4,671*
$4,971*
$5,154*
$5,277
$5,497
$5,804*
$5,937
$6,263*
(Standard Error)
($60)
($62)
($77)
($53)
($54)
($62)
($62)
($70)
($68)
($91)
($79)
($93)
($99)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.12: Percentage (standard error) of single-coverage enrollees with no
employee
premium contribution, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
18.3%
17.3%
17.1%
16.6%
15.6%
15.8%
13.5%*
13.4%
13.2%
13.5%
12.5%
12.6%
13.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
<10
58.8%
58.6%
60.0%
59.9%
60.6%
60.5%
57.9%
52.3%*
51.8%
52.0%
51.8%
44.7%
47.6%^
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(1.1%)
(1.6%)
(2.0%)
(1.6%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.4%)
(2.8%)
(2.7%)
(2.7%)
10-24
43.3%
38.9%
43.5%*
41.2%
43.5%
44.2%
36.9%*
38.2%
39.2%
31.7%*
37.5%*
32.7%
36.0%^
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(1.5%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.9%)
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
(2.1%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.2%)
(2.0%)
25-99
29.2%
30.6%
27.7%
27.6%
27.2%
27.5%
22.9%*
23.1%
20.8%
22.8%
23.2%
21.5%
21.1%^
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(1.7%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.6%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
100-999
16.7%
15.2%
16.5%
14.4%
14.9%
13.9%
13.4%
14.3%
12.6%
13.0%
12.1%
13.0%
13.0%^
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(1.4%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
1,000+
6.5%
5.7%
5.3%
5.2%
3.7%
4.9%*
4.1%
3.9%
4.9%
5.7%
4.9%
5.4%
6.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.4%)
(0.8%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(1.0%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.13: Percentage (standard error) of employee-plus-one coverage enrollees
with
no employee premium contribution, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
9.8%
7.9%
7.7%
6.9%
7.8%
7.6%
7.4%
7.3%
7.1%
8.5%*
7.2%
7.0%
7.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.5%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
<10
50.1%
46.6%
54.7%*
49.0%
48.3%
48.3%
48.2%
49.7%
49.9%
48.2%
42.4%
36.9%
38.6%^
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(2.3%)
(2.1%)
(3.3%)
(2.7%)
(3.1%)
(3.2%)
(3.4%)
(3.3%)
(3.9%)
(4.1%)
(4.0%)
(4.1%)
10-24
25.3%
29.1%
24.0%
24.5%
24.3%
23.1%
21.8%
22.4%
18.9%
19.1%
23.6%
23.3%
23.3%^
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(1.9%)
(2.8%)
(3.0%)
(2.2%)
(2.3%)
(2.1%)
(2.6%)
(2.1%)
(2.7%)
(2.6%)
(3.1%)
(2.7%)
25-99
12.4%
12.8%
10.9%
10.0%
12.1%
13.9%
10.1%*
11.2%
9.8%
7.5%
9.9%
8.0%
8.8%^
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.1%)
(1.5%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
100-999
6.8%
5.9%
5.0%
5.6%
5.8%
4.9%
5.0%
5.5%
5.4%
6.0%
6.1%
8.2%
8.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(0.6%)
(1.1%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.6%)
(1.9%)
1,000+
6.2%
3.7%
3.7%
3.3%
4.4%
4.3%
4.6%
4.3%
4.2%
6.2%*
4.7%
3.7%
3.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <10, 10-24, 25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 1,000+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.14: Percentage (standard error) of family-coverage enrollees with no
employee
premium contribution, overall and by detailed firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
10.4%
9.7%
8.1%*
7.9%
9.2%
8.9%
8.3%
8.8%
7.7%
7.7%
7.0%
7.3%
7.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
<10
51.4%
53.2%
50.9%
53.0%
53.6%
54.4%
52.9%
52.0%
50.2%
48.7%
47.5%
46.3%
38.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(1.3%)
(2.7%)
(3.5%)
(2.2%)
(2.6%)
(2.7%)
(2.8%)
(3.2%)
(3.4%)
(4.1%)
(4.2%)
(3.6%)
10-24
29.2%
29.8%
29.6%
28.2%
27.4%
29.5%
35.8%
27.3%*
26.4%
22.1%
25.8%
21.8%
24.7%^
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(1.4%)
(2.8%)
(2.6%)
(2.2%)
(2.6%)
(2.9%)
(2.6%)
(2.5%)
(2.4%)
(2.6%)
(2.9%)
(2.7%)
25-99
15.3%
16.9%
13.4%
17.0%
17.7%
17.9%
18.6%
19.5%
13.9%*
10.0%
16.2%*
12.6%
13.1%^
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
(1.0%)
(1.7%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.3%)
(2.3%)
(1.7%)
(1.2%)
(2.9%)
(1.8%)
(1.7%)
100-999
7.6%
9.6%
6.3%
7.0%
9.6%
8.7%
5.8%
8.7%
7.6%
5.9%✝
7.5%
8.4%
5.5%
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(1.6%)
(0.9%)
(1.4%)
(1.3%)
(1.5%)
(0.9%)
(1.7%)
(1.2%)
(1.8%)
(1.5%)
(1.7%)
(1.6%)
1,000+
5.1%
4.0%
3.3%
2.0%*
3.4%*
3.3%
2.7%
3.1%
2.9%
4.4%
2.6%
3.0%
2.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.3%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: ✝ Estimate does not meet standard of reliability or precision. *
indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p < 0.05.
^ indicates that the estimates for firms with <10, 10-24,
25-99, and 100-999 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 1,000+
employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.15: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
single coverage, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$1,638
Kentucky
$1,550
North Dakota
$1,420*
(Standard Error)
($53)
(Standard Error)
($47)
(Standard Error)
($51)
Alaska
$1,608
Louisiana
$1,691
Ohio
$1,585
(Standard Error)
($124)
(Standard Error)
($71)
(Standard Error)
($50)
Arizona
$1,565
Maine
$1,609
Oklahoma
$1,419*
(Standard Error)
($61)
(Standard Error)
($49)
(Standard Error)
($55)
Arkansas
$1,573
Maryland
$1,661
Oregon
$1,061*
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($70)
(Standard Error)
($67)
California
$1,436*
Massachusetts
$1,776*
Pennsylvania
$1,611
(Standard Error)
($48)
(Standard Error)
($74)
(Standard Error)
($52)
Colorado
$1,588
Michigan
$1,538
Rhode Island
$1,797*
(Standard Error)
($62)
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($76)
Connecticut
$1,790*
Minnesota
$1,493*
South Carolina
$1,703
(Standard Error)
($77)
(Standard Error)
($41)
(Standard Error)
($76)
Delaware
$1,829*
Mississippi
$1,543
South Dakota
$1,602
(Standard Error)
($78)
(Standard Error)
($63)
(Standard Error)
($52)
District of Columbia
$1,519
Missouri
$1,667
Tennessee
$1,681
(Standard Error)
($65)
(Standard Error)
($70)
(Standard Error)
($52)
Florida
$1,680
Montana
$1,171*
Texas
$1,581
(Standard Error)
($62)
(Standard Error)
($54)
(Standard Error)
($52)
Georgia
$1,637
Nebraska
$1,794*
Utah
$1,562
(Standard Error)
($54)
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($98)
Hawaii
$918*
Nevada
$1,496
Vermont
$1,865*
(Standard Error)
($50)
(Standard Error)
($66)
(Standard Error)
($56)
Idaho
$1,221*
New Hampshire
$1,827*
Virginia
$1,734*
(Standard Error)
($71)
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($63)
Illinois
$1,712*
New Jersey
$1,734*
Washington
$1,234*
(Standard Error)
($43)
(Standard Error)
($66)
(Standard Error)
($73)
Indiana
$1,699
New Mexico
$1,665
West Virginia
$1,686
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($76)
(Standard Error)
($91)
Iowa
$1,809*
New York
$1,734*
Wisconsin
$1,685
(Standard Error)
($72)
(Standard Error)
($59)
(Standard Error)
($48)
Kansas
$1,542
North Carolina
$1,670
Wyoming
$1,525
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($78)
(Standard Error)
($106)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $1,593 at p <
0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $1,593 is $11.79.
Exhibit 4.16: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
employee-plus-one coverage, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$4,203
Kentucky
$3,775*
North Dakota
$4,009
(Standard Error)
($163)
(Standard Error)
($171)
(Standard Error)
($146)
Alaska
$4,594
Louisiana
$4,570*
Ohio
$3,733*
(Standard Error)
($260)
(Standard Error)
($202)
(Standard Error)
($140)
Arizona
$4,370
Maine
$3,853*
Oklahoma
$4,120
(Standard Error)
($148)
(Standard Error)
($122)
(Standard Error)
($153)
Arkansas
$4,224
Maryland
$4,252
Oregon
$3,458*
(Standard Error)
($154)
(Standard Error)
($161)
(Standard Error)
($149)
California
$4,086
Massachusetts
$3,787
Pennsylvania
$4,009
(Standard Error)
($141)
(Standard Error)
($174)
(Standard Error)
($131)
Colorado
$4,438
Michigan
$3,446*
Rhode Island
$3,975
(Standard Error)
($305)
(Standard Error)
($131)
(Standard Error)
($121)
Connecticut
$4,098
Minnesota
$4,071
South Carolina
$4,380
(Standard Error)
($154)
(Standard Error)
($147)
(Standard Error)
($176)
Delaware
$4,126
Mississippi
$4,343
South Dakota
$4,532*
(Standard Error)
($196)
(Standard Error)
($195)
(Standard Error)
($135)
District of Columbia
$4,140
Missouri
$4,179
Tennessee
$4,154
(Standard Error)
($161)
(Standard Error)
($132)
(Standard Error)
($179)
Florida
$4,703*
Montana
$3,852
Texas
$4,593*
(Standard Error)
($200)
(Standard Error)
($189)
(Standard Error)
($126)
Georgia
$4,147
Nebraska
$4,490*
Utah
$3,847
(Standard Error)
($136)
(Standard Error)
($155)
(Standard Error)
($200)
Hawaii
$3,598*
Nevada
$3,744*
Vermont
$4,171
(Standard Error)
($164)
(Standard Error)
($140)
(Standard Error)
($119)
Idaho
$3,806
New Hampshire
$4,292
Virginia
$4,092
(Standard Error)
($199)
(Standard Error)
($169)
(Standard Error)
($153)
Illinois
$4,079
New Jersey
$4,061
Washington
$3,711*
(Standard Error)
($120)
(Standard Error)
($198)
(Standard Error)
($198)
Indiana
$3,926
New Mexico
$4,304
West Virginia
$3,954
(Standard Error)
($184)
(Standard Error)
($144)
(Standard Error)
($200)
Iowa
$3,750*
New York
$3,720*
Wisconsin
$4,002
(Standard Error)
($129)
(Standard Error)
($175)
(Standard Error)
($134)
Kansas
$4,014
North Carolina
$4,769*
Wyoming
$3,939
(Standard Error)
($135)
(Standard Error)
($286)
(Standard Error)
($261)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $4,121 at p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $4,121 is $33.18.
Exhibit 4.17: Average annual employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for
family coverage, by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$6,129
Kentucky
$5,687
North Dakota
$6,113
(Standard Error)
($265)
(Standard Error)
($280)
(Standard Error)
($219)
Alaska
$6,245
Louisiana
$6,606
Ohio
$5,323*
(Standard Error)
($402)
(Standard Error)
($240)
(Standard Error)
($212)
Arizona
$6,569
Maine
$6,308
Oklahoma
$6,295
(Standard Error)
($291)
(Standard Error)
($179)
(Standard Error)
($234)
Arkansas
$6,095
Maryland
$6,661
Oregon
$5,958
(Standard Error)
($264)
(Standard Error)
($291)
(Standard Error)
($336)
California
$6,285
Massachusetts
$5,814
Pennsylvania
$6,343
(Standard Error)
($232)
(Standard Error)
($193)
(Standard Error)
($248)
Colorado
$6,421
Michigan
$4,615*
Rhode Island
$5,923
(Standard Error)
($296)
(Standard Error)
($199)
(Standard Error)
($224)
Connecticut
$5,929
Minnesota
$5,646*
South Carolina
$6,299
(Standard Error)
($203)
(Standard Error)
($207)
(Standard Error)
($273)
Delaware
$6,787*
Mississippi
$7,003*
South Dakota
$6,425
(Standard Error)
($311)
(Standard Error)
($293)
(Standard Error)
($185)
District of Columbia
$6,784*
Missouri
$6,493
Tennessee
$5,899
(Standard Error)
($309)
(Standard Error)
($207)
(Standard Error)
($249)
Florida
$7,202*
Montana
$5,732
Texas
$6,966*
(Standard Error)
($248)
(Standard Error)
($436)
(Standard Error)
($205)
Georgia
$6,573
Nebraska
$6,698*
Utah
$5,992
(Standard Error)
($255)
(Standard Error)
($236)
(Standard Error)
($301)
Hawaii
$5,336*
Nevada
$6,123
Vermont
$6,087
(Standard Error)
($254)
(Standard Error)
($320)
(Standard Error)
($261)
Idaho
$6,453
New Hampshire
$6,238
Virginia
$6,740*
(Standard Error)
($548)
(Standard Error)
($191)
(Standard Error)
($257)
Illinois
$5,737*
New Jersey
$6,059
Washington
$5,185*
(Standard Error)
($173)
(Standard Error)
($329)
(Standard Error)
($427)
Indiana
$5,506*
New Mexico
$6,356
West Virginia
$6,176
(Standard Error)
($322)
(Standard Error)
($243)
(Standard Error)
($396)
Iowa
$6,059
New York
$5,655*
Wisconsin
$5,408*
(Standard Error)
($189)
(Standard Error)
($201)
(Standard Error)
($185)
Kansas
$6,074
North Carolina
$7,094*
Wyoming
$5,497*
(Standard Error)
($253)
(Standard Error)
($296)
(Standard Error)
($318)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $6,161 at p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $6,161 is $49.89.
Exhibit 4.18: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for single coverage, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
21.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
36.8%✝
(Standard Error)
(11.1%)
Mining and manufacturing
23.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Construction
23.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Utilities and transportation
19.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Wholesale trade
21.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Financial services and real estate
18.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Retail trade
25.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Professional services
19.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Other services
25.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: ✝ Estimate does not meet standard of reliability or precision. *
indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the estimate for firms in the financial services
and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 4.19: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for employee-plus-one coverage, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
33.9%
(Standard Error)
(4.4%)
Mining and manufacturing
26.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Construction
31.1%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Utilities and transportation
26.0%
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Wholesale trade
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Financial services and real estate
26.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Retail trade
32.4%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Professional services
26.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Other services
36.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 4.20: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for family coverage, overall and by industry, 2022
Industry
Percentage
United States
29.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry
51.6%*
(Standard Error)
(9.7%)
Mining and manufacturing
25.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Construction
33.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Utilities and transportation
25.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Wholesale trade
28.3%
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Financial services and real estate
28.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Retail trade
32.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Professional services
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Other services
38.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: * indicates that the estimate is statistically different from the
estimate for firms in the financial services and real estate sector at p < 0.05.
Exhibit 4.21: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for single coverage, overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
21.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
22.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
24.5%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
15.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
29.6%*
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
26.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
22.5%
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
20.9%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
23.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
20.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
21.7%
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
24.9%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
22.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
% Full Time: 75%+
21.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
23.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
% Low Wage: <50%
21.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 4.22: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for employee-plus-one coverage, overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
29.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
30.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
23.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
36.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
37.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
34.9%*
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
27.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
33.9%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
26.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
24.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
27.6%
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
29.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
% Full Time: 75%+
28.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
32.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
% Low Wage: <50%
28.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 4.23: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees
for family coverage, overall and by selected characteristics, 2022
Employer Characteristics
Percentage
United States
29.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Ownership: For Profit Inc.
29.8%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
Ownership: For Profit Uninc.
35.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
Ownership: Nonprofit
25.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Firm Age: 0-4 Years
46.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Firm Age: 5-9 Years
40.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Firm Age: 10-19 Years
37.1%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Firm Age: 20+ Years
28.0%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
# of Locations: 1 Location
36.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
# of Locations: 2+ Locations
27.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
% Full Time: 0-24%
27.9%
(Standard Error)
(3.6%)
% Full Time: 25-49%
28.5%
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
% Full Time: 50-74%
29.0%
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
% Full Time: 75%+
29.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
% Low Wage: 50%+
34.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
% Low Wage: <50%
29.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2022. Note: "% Full Time" refers to the percentage of the establishment's
workforce that worked full time in 2022. "% Low Wage" refers to the percentage of the
establishment's workforce that earned less than $14.50 per hour in 2022. * indicates that the
estimate is statistically different from the estimate for the reference category within each group
at p < 0.05. Reference categories are: Nonprofit, Firm Age: 20+ Years, 2+ Locations, % Full Time
75%+, % Low Wage < 50%.
Exhibit 4.24: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees for single coverage, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce that is low wage,
2010-2022
Low wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
50%+ Low-Wage Employees
24.6%
24.7%
24.4%
25.7%
25.4%
26.2%
26.2%
26.9%
25.4%
26.3%
25.3%
26.7%
23.7%*^
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees
19.9%
20.2%
20.1%
20.1%
20.4%
20.4%
21.1%*
21.6%
20.7%*
20.7%
21.0%
21.9%*
21.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.1%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted to
account for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning less than
$14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is significantly different from the previous year at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
employers with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for employers with <50%
low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.25: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees for employee-plus-one coverage, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce that is
low wage, 2010-2022
Low wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
50%+ Low-Wage Employees
30.9%
33.3%*
30.9%*
32.4%
32.1%
33.8%
34.4%
34.2%
30.5%*
33.3%
34.0%
35.6%
32.1%^
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.6%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.6%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees
25.1%
25.7%
26.0%
26.0%
26.3%
26.7%
27.3%
27.1%
26.8%
27.2%
28.0%
28.3%
28.1%
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted to
account
for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning less than
$14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is significantly different from the previous year at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for employers with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically
different from the estimate for employers with <50%
low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.26: Average percentage (standard error) of premium contributed by
employees for family coverage, by the percentage of the establishment's workforce that is low wage,
2010-2022
Low wage
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
50%+ Low-Wage Employees
31.6%
31.0%
33.4%*
31.7%
33.1%
34.4%
35.8%
35.7%
35.8%
34.1%
35.8%
35.3%
34.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(0.9%)
(1.5%)
(2.1%)
<50% Low-Wage Employees
26.3%
25.9%
26.7%
27.1%
26.5%
26.7%
27.5%
27.4%
27.2%
27.5%
28.4%
28.6%
29.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Wage levels in the MEPS-IC questionnaires have been adjusted to
account
for changing wages over time. In 2022, low-wage employees were defined as those earning less than
$14.50 per hour. * indicates the estimate is significantly different from the previous year at p
< 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for employers
with 50%+ low wage employees are statistically different from the estimate for employers with
<50% low wage employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 4.27: Distributions of employee contribution (in dollars) (standard error)
for single, employee-plus-one, and family coverage, overall and by firm size, 2022
Coverage
Estimate
Total
<50 employees
50-99 employees
100 or more employees
Single
Average (mean)
$1,637
$1,635
$1,832
$1,617
(Standard Error)
($24)
($51)
($107)
($28)
10 percentile
$0
$0*
$0*
$260
(Standard Error)
($41)
($69)
($120)
($55)
25 percentile
$620
$0*
$590
$760
(Standard Error)
($30)
($69)
($109)
($20)
50 percentile (median)
$1,300
$1,200*
$1,500
$1,400
(Standard Error)
($24)
($76)
($88)
($27)
75 percentile
$2,200
$2,600*
$2,500*
$2,100
(Standard Error)
($29)
($91)
($92)
($32)
90 percentile
$3,300
$4,000*
$3,600*
$3,100
(Standard Error)
($50)
($126)
($194)
($59)
Employee-plus-one
Average (mean)
$4,237
$4,711*
$5,052*
$4,096
(Standard Error)
($56)
($165)
($211)
($62)
10 percentile
$780
$0*
$630✝
$1,000
(Standard Error)
($102)
($221)
($330)
($81)
25 percentile
$2,200
$890✝*
$2,400
$2,200
(Standard Error)
($36)
($358)
($186)
($40)
50 percentile (median)
$3,600
$3,900
$4,400*
$3,500
(Standard Error)
($46)
($233)
($258)
($51)
75 percentile
$5,600
$7,200*
$7,200*
$5,300
(Standard Error)
($98)
($305)
($303)
($89)
90 percentile
$8,400
$10,000*
$10,000*
$7,800
(Standard Error)
($144)
($409)
($442)
($199)
Family
Average (mean)
$6,492
$7,324*
$7,788*
$6,263
(Standard Error)
($93)
($292)
($397)
($99)
10 percentile
$1,300
$0*
$0*
$1,800
(Standard Error)
($132)
($420)
($609)
($144)
25 percentile
$3,300
$510✝*
$3,000
$3,400
(Standard Error)
($89)
($443)
($466)
($93)
50 percentile (median)
$5,400
$6,000*
$6,500*
$5,300
(Standard Error)
($84)
($333)
($446)
($98)
75 percentile
$8,400
$11,000*
$12,000*
$7,700
(Standard Error)
($152)
($434)
($645)
($122)
90 percentile
$13,000
$17,000*
$16,000*
$12,000
(Standard Error)
($329)
($872)
($758)
($334)
Source: Medical Expenditure Panel
Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector
establishments, 2022. Note: ✝ Estimate does not meet standard of reliability or precision. *
indicates that the estimates for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the
estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05.
Over the past 12 years, employers have increasingly turned to high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) and
other cost-sharing measures to limit growth in health insurance costs and premiums. This section presents
trends from 2010 to 2022 in cost-sharing measures overall and by firm size, as well as variation in
cost-sharing measures by firm size and State in 2022.
The cost-sharing measures in this section include estimates of the percentages of private-sector employees
enrolled in employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) who face various cost-sharing arrangements, including
deductibles, coinsurance rates, copayments, and maximum out-of-pocket payments. The measures also include
the percentage enrolled in an HDHP. This section also provides information on average single and family
deductibles (overall and among HDHP enrollees), average copayments and coinsurance rates, and average single
and family maximum out-of-pocket limits enrolled workers and their families face.
Cost-sharing provisions may vary for different types of healthcare services. The individual and family
deductibles reported in this section are annual deductibles that must be met before many services are
covered by the health plan. Coinsurance rates are the percentages of healthcare service expenses paid by the
enrollee or family members covered by the plan, and copayments are fixed dollar amounts paid for each
healthcare service. Coinsurance rates and copayments are reported separately for office visits to general
practitioners and office visits to specialist physicians.
The individual and family maximum out-of-pocket payment limits are the maximum amount a covered individual
or family would pay for covered services in a given year. When plans differentiate between in-network and
out-of-network providers, the deductibles, coinsurance rates, copayments, and maximum out-of-pocket limits
reported in this section are for in-network providers.
HDHPs, as defined in this section, are health insurance plans with deductibles at or above annual
thresholds set by the Internal Revenue Service for plans to qualify for Health Savings Accounts. In 2022,
the thresholds were $1,400 for single coverage and $2,800 for family coverage.
Highlights
The percentage of enrollees in a health insurance plan with a deductible in 2022 was not significantly
different from 2021 for firms overall (89.2 percent) or for small (84.8 percent), medium (86.9 percent),
or large employers (90.3 percent) (Exhibit 5.1).
In 2022, overall average deductibles among enrollees in plans with a deductible were $1,992 for
individual coverage and $3,811 for family coverage. From 2021 to 2022, there were no significant changes
in average individual or family deductibles overall or for enrollees in small and large firms. For
enrollees in medium firms, there was a significant increase in individual deductibles (Exhibits 5.2 and
5.3).i
The general lack of significant changes in average deductibles continued a recent trend of relatively
slow deductible growth. Specifically, the average annual rates of growth for individual and family
deductibles were significantly lower in the 5 years from 2017 to 2022 (2.0 and 2.3 percent, respectively)
than in the 7 preceding years from 2010 to 2017 (8.4 and 8.1 percent, respectively) (Exhibits 5.2 and
5.3).
Based on average annual estimates for 2020-2022, nine States (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia,
Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) had average individual and family
deductibles that were both lower than the national average. There were also nine States (Arizona,
Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) that had average
individual and family deductibles that were both higher than the national average (Exhibits 5.5 and 5.6).
In the 3 years from 2012 to 2015, the overall percentage of enrollees with an out-of-pocket maximum
increased by 13.2 percentage points (from 80.7 to 93.9 percent) for those with single coverage. The
percentage increased by 13.4 percentage points (from 80.9 to 94.3 percent) for those with family coverage.
After this period of rapid growth, these percentages generally held steady or fell. From 2015 to 2022, the
overall percentage of enrollees with an out-of-pocket maximum fell from 93.9 to 91.4 percent for single
coverage and from 94.3 to 89.8 percent for family coverage (Exhibit 5.15 and 5.16).
Based on 3-year average estimates for 2020-2022, the national average annual deductibles among HDHP
enrollees for individual and family coverage were $2,618 and $5,086, respectively. HDHP enrollees in four
States (Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) had average deductibles that were lower, and
HDHP enrollees in six States (Indiana, Maine, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin) had
average deductibles that were higher than the national average for both individual and family coverage
(Exhibits 5.23, and 5.24).
Key Trends and Differences
Many longstanding differences in cost-sharing provisions between large employers (100 or more employees)
and both small (fewer than 50 employees) and medium employers (50-99 employees) were again evident in
2022.ii Specifically:
Enrollees in small and medium firms were less likely than large-firm enrollees to have an annual
deductible. However, average individual and family deductibles among enrollees with a deductible were
higher in small and medium firms than in large firms.
For office visits to general practitioners and specialists, large-firm enrollees were less likely to
have a copayment and more likely to have coinsurance. Among enrollees with these cost-sharing
requirements, however, large-firm enrollees had significantly lower average copayments and coinsurance
rates.
In 2022, large-firm enrollees were more likely than medium- and small-firm enrollees to have maximum
out-of-pocket payment limits for single and family coverage (and thus less likely to face the prospect of
unlimited out-of-pocket spending). Among enrollees with limits, large-firm enrollees had lower average
maximum out-of-pocket amounts for both individual and family coverage. For small-firm enrollees, these
patterns were consistent in nearly every year from 2010 to 2022. For medium-firm enrollees, these patterns
were consistent only in the 2 most recent years.
For single and family coverage, small-firm enrollees were more likely than large-firm enrollees to be in
HDHPs in every year from 2010 to 2022. The same pattern generally holds for medium-firm enrollees, but
differences in the percentages of medium- and large-firm enrollees in HDHPs were insignificant for family
coverage in 2017 and 2022.
i Average annual growth rates are not shown but were calculated from the estimates shown in the
exhibits.
ii Statistical significance tests for firm-size differences are only marked for 2022 in the
exhibits.
Exhibit 5.1: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in a
health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
77.5%
77.8%
79.6%*
81.3%
83.9%*
85.4%*
84.5%
87.5%*
87.3%
86.6%
89.2%*
88.5%
89.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
<50
75.7%
76.3%
79.5%*
79.5%
80.8%
82.1%
81.7%
82.3%
83.0%
84.1%
86.5%*
86.0%
84.8%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.4%)
(1.0%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
50-99
78.2%
79.6%
80.3%
78.0%
82.4%*
85.3%
82.5%
83.7%
85.1%
87.5%
89.0%
89.7%
86.9%^
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(1.7%)
(1.4%)
(1.1%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(1.4%)
(1.5%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(1.6%)
100+
77.8%
77.9%
79.6%
81.9%*
84.6%*
86.1%
85.2%
88.8%*
88.3%
87.1%
89.7%*
88.8%
90.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.3%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.2: Average individual deductible (in dollars) (standard error) per
employee enrolled with single coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$1,025
$1,123*
$1,167*
$1,273*
$1,353*
$1,541*
$1,696*
$1,808*
$1,846
$1,931*
$1,945
$2,004*
$1,992
(Standard Error)
($18)
($12)
($8)
($20)
($13)
($16)
($16)
($17)
($17)
($18)
($18)
($20)
($22)
<50
$1,447
$1,561*
$1,628
$1,695
$1,777*
$1,964*
$2,105*
$2,136
$2,327*
$2,386
$2,376
$2,485
$2,499^
(Standard Error)
($21)
($26)
($25)
($24)
($28)
($35)
($34)
($35)
($36)
($35)
($39)
($43)
($39)
50-99
$1,522
$1,543
$1,622
$1,755
$1,744
$2,008*
$2,173
$2,361
$2,369
$2,441
$2,464
$2,378
$2,596*^
(Standard Error)
($57)
($49)
($64)
($49)
($59)
($62)
($64)
($85)
($65)
($67)
($67)
($74)
($81)
100+
$852
$951*
$989*
$1,106*
$1,205*
$1,383*
$1,558*
$1,681*
$1,692
$1,778*
$1,814
$1,865
$1,814
(Standard Error)
($20)
($14)
($10)
($19)
($14)
($18)
($18)
($20)
($19)
($21)
($20)
($23)
($25)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: In 2015, the methodology for calibrating the upper edit bound for the
individual deductible amount changed, causing the average individual deductible per employee
enrolled with single coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible to increase by about 5 percent at
the national level in 2015 relative to the earlier methodology. * indicates the estimate is
statistically different from the previous year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with
<50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different
from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.3: Average family deductible (in dollars) (standard error) per employee
enrolled with family coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by firm size,
2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$1,975
$2,220*
$2,322*
$2,491*
$2,640*
$2,915*
$3,069*
$3,396*
$3,392
$3,655*
$3,722
$3,868*
$3,811
(Standard Error)
($33)
($31)
($26)
($23)
($28)
($32)
($37)
($48)
($37)
($48)
($52)
($50)
($45)
<50
$2,857
$3,329*
$3,515*
$3,761*
$3,810
$4,090*
$3,940
$4,447*
$4,364
$5,067*
$4,666*
$4,945
$4,854^
(Standard Error)
($42)
($57)
($71)
($56)
($71)
($88)
($98)
($126)
($97)
($113)
($126)
($157)
($121)
50-99
$3,040
$3,349
$3,523
$3,634
$3,404
$3,875*
$3,840
$4,218
$4,755
$4,353
$4,761
$4,816
$4,822^
(Standard Error)
($101)
($138)
($113)
($157)
($112)
($148)
($174)
($216)
($172)
($166)
($168)
($170)
($209)
100+
$1,734
$1,954*
$2,038
$2,215*
$2,408*
$2,676*
$2,887*
$3,195*
$3,179
$3,390*
$3,540
$3,646
$3,581
(Standard Error)
($33)
($37)
($31)
($18)
($31)
($34)
($41)
($53)
($40)
($53)
($58)
($54)
($50)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.4: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in a
health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
90.9%
Kentucky
93.8%*
North Dakota
95.0%*
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Alaska
91.4%
Louisiana
92.6%*
Ohio
93.6%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Arizona
94.0%*
Maine
95.8%*
Oklahoma
94.6%*
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Arkansas
95.8%*
Maryland
88.1%
Oregon
95.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
California
75.1%*
Massachusetts
84.5%*
Pennsylvania
89.1%
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Colorado
94.1%*
Michigan
93.5%*
Rhode Island
92.7%*
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Connecticut
90.2%
Minnesota
91.6%
South Carolina
94.1%*
(Standard Error)
(1.5%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Delaware
93.1%*
Mississippi
96.0%*
South Dakota
96.8%*
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
District of Columbia
77.0%*
Missouri
93.7%*
Tennessee
93.9%*
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.0%)
Florida
90.6%
Montana
98.3%*
Texas
93.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Georgia
91.3%
Nebraska
97.6%*
Utah
95.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Hawaii
40.1%*
Nevada
87.4%
Vermont
94.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
Idaho
97.0%*
New Hampshire
92.7%*
Virginia
92.2%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
Illinois
88.3%
New Jersey
87.5%
Washington
95.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
Indiana
95.6%*
New Mexico
91.9%*
West Virginia
94.8%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
Iowa
94.8%*
New York
78.7%*
Wisconsin
93.0%*
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(Standard Error)
(1.3%)
(Standard Error)
(1.2%)
Kansas
94.7%*
North Carolina
93.5%*
Wyoming
97.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 88.9 percent at
p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 88.9 percent is 0.26.
Exhibit 5.5: Average individual deductible (in dollars) (standard error) per
employee
enrolled with single coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by State, 3-year
average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$1,634*
Kentucky
$2,146*
North Dakota
$2,045
(Standard Error)
($70)
(Standard Error)
($56)
(Standard Error)
($58)
Alaska
$2,004
Louisiana
$1,859*
Ohio
$2,097*
(Standard Error)
($81)
(Standard Error)
($50)
(Standard Error)
($59)
Arizona
$2,165*
Maine
$2,544*
Oklahoma
$1,967
(Standard Error)
($70)
(Standard Error)
($70)
(Standard Error)
($56)
Arkansas
$1,844*
Maryland
$1,682*
Oregon
$2,176
(Standard Error)
($52)
(Standard Error)
($60)
(Standard Error)
($153)
California
$1,731*
Massachusetts
$1,796*
Pennsylvania
$1,773*
(Standard Error)
($51)
(Standard Error)
($74)
(Standard Error)
($48)
Colorado
$2,113*
Michigan
$1,670*
Rhode Island
$1,892
(Standard Error)
($54)
(Standard Error)
($57)
(Standard Error)
($63)
Connecticut
$2,118*
Minnesota
$2,157*
South Carolina
$2,108*
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($75)
(Standard Error)
($65)
Delaware
$1,942
Mississippi
$1,868
South Dakota
$2,398*
(Standard Error)
($85)
(Standard Error)
($67)
(Standard Error)
($57)
District of Columbia
$1,354*
Missouri
$2,031
Tennessee
$2,151*
(Standard Error)
($48)
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($59)
Florida
$2,033
Montana
$2,454*
Texas
$2,143*
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($75)
(Standard Error)
($50)
Georgia
$2,107*
Nebraska
$2,036
Utah
$1,935
(Standard Error)
($68)
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($67)
Hawaii
$1,302*
Nevada
$1,747*
Vermont
$2,121*
(Standard Error)
($82)
(Standard Error)
($57)
(Standard Error)
($60)
Idaho
$2,044
New Hampshire
$2,470*
Virginia
$2,000
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($66)
Illinois
$1,795*
New Jersey
$1,725*
Washington
$1,867
(Standard Error)
($43)
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($68)
Indiana
$2,218*
New Mexico
$1,930
West Virginia
$2,011
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($79)
(Standard Error)
($66)
Iowa
$2,215*
New York
$1,784*
Wisconsin
$2,217*
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($44)
(Standard Error)
($60)
Kansas
$1,935
North Carolina
$2,243*
Wyoming
$1,984
(Standard Error)
($56)
(Standard Error)
($69)
(Standard Error)
($66)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $1,964 at p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $1,964 is $11.58.
Exhibit 5.6: Average family deductible (in dollars) (standard error) per employee
enrolled with family coverage in a health insurance plan with a deductible, overall and by State, 3-year
average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$3,161*
Kentucky
$3,860
North Dakota
$3,575
(Standard Error)
($177)
(Standard Error)
($137)
(Standard Error)
($121)
Alaska
$3,578
Louisiana
$3,863
Ohio
$4,007*
(Standard Error)
($174)
(Standard Error)
($137)
(Standard Error)
($121)
Arizona
$4,438*
Maine
$3,928
Oklahoma
$4,279*
(Standard Error)
($324)
(Standard Error)
($197)
(Standard Error)
($258)
Arkansas
$3,426*
Maryland
$3,423*
Oregon
$3,597
(Standard Error)
($133)
(Standard Error)
($132)
(Standard Error)
($156)
California
$3,546
Massachusetts
$3,578
Pennsylvania
$3,297*
(Standard Error)
($129)
(Standard Error)
($152)
(Standard Error)
($101)
Colorado
$4,358*
Michigan
$3,318*
Rhode Island
$3,674
(Standard Error)
($127)
(Standard Error)
($115)
(Standard Error)
($171)
Connecticut
$3,916
Minnesota
$4,131*
South Carolina
$4,010
(Standard Error)
($194)
(Standard Error)
($176)
(Standard Error)
($183)
Delaware
$3,447
Mississippi
$3,671
South Dakota
$4,312*
(Standard Error)
($173)
(Standard Error)
($156)
(Standard Error)
($147)
District of Columbia
$2,989*
Missouri
$3,927
Tennessee
$3,979
(Standard Error)
($180)
(Standard Error)
($117)
(Standard Error)
($170)
Florida
$3,691
Montana
$3,497
Texas
$3,972
(Standard Error)
($179)
(Standard Error)
($187)
(Standard Error)
($106)
Georgia
$4,325*
Nebraska
$3,951
Utah
$3,889
(Standard Error)
($192)
(Standard Error)
($111)
(Standard Error)
($136)
Hawaii
$3,143*
Nevada
$3,481
Vermont
$3,887
(Standard Error)
($218)
(Standard Error)
($170)
(Standard Error)
($132)
Idaho
$3,416*
New Hampshire
$4,539*
Virginia
$3,743
(Standard Error)
($126)
(Standard Error)
($167)
(Standard Error)
($139)
Illinois
$3,725
New Jersey
$3,410*
Washington
$3,466*
(Standard Error)
($137)
(Standard Error)
($160)
(Standard Error)
($141)
Indiana
$4,215*
New Mexico
$3,715
West Virginia
$3,875
(Standard Error)
($146)
(Standard Error)
($126)
(Standard Error)
($161)
Iowa
$3,960
New York
$3,422*
Wisconsin
$4,227*
(Standard Error)
($113)
(Standard Error)
($95)
(Standard Error)
($135)
Kansas
$3,665
North Carolina
$3,988
Wyoming
$3,921
(Standard Error)
($140)
(Standard Error)
($126)
(Standard Error)
($160)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $3,761 at p <
0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $3,761 is $27.98.
Exhibit 5.7: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in a
health insurance plan with a physician visit coinsurance rate, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
25.1%
26.1%
27.4%*
30.4%*
32.6%*
35.0%*
34.9%
37.6%*
37.7%
34.5%*
35.1%
38.3%*
36.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<50
14.9%
15.4%
17.3%*
18.7%
19.5%
20.4%
20.6%
22.1%
22.4%
20.5%
21.2%
20.7%
19.0%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
50-99
15.1%
14.8%
17.2%
18.8%
19.1%
21.8%
21.5%
21.8%
21.3%
19.7%
19.3%
24.4%*
19.1%*^
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(1.6%)
(1.2%)
(1.0%)
(1.5%)
(1.7%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.5%)
(1.9%)
(1.6%)
100+
28.5%
29.6%
30.6%
34.1%*
36.6%*
39.2%*
38.9%
41.9%*
42.0%
38.5%*
38.7%
42.7%*
41.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.8: Average coinsurance rate (in percentage) (standard error) for a
physician office visit per employee enrolled in a health insurance plan with a physician visit coinsurance rate,
overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
18.8%
18.9%
19.0%
19.2%
19.8%*
20.1%
20.5%
20.1%
20.2%
20.0%
20.5%*
20.8%
20.1%*
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.1%)
(0.1%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
<50
20.0%
21.5%*
20.8%
21.3%
21.5%
22.6%*
22.2%
22.2%
23.0%
22.8%
23.5%
23.5%
24.5%^
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
(0.2%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.7%)
50-99
19.6%
20.2%
20.7%
21.0%
21.1%
21.6%
22.3%
21.9%
21.6%
22.4%
23.0%
21.6%
23.6%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
100+
18.6%
18.5%
18.7%
18.8%
19.5%*
19.8%
20.2%
19.8%
19.8%
19.6%
20.2%*
20.5%
19.6%*
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.9: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in a
health insurance plan with a copayment for a physician office visit, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
70.0%
68.2%
66.3%
64.8%
61.3%*
59.9%
60.6%
59.2%
58.1%
59.8%
58.8%
56.8%*
57.2%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<50
74.0%
72.6%
72.7%
70.6%
67.3%*
69.6%
69.5%
71.5%
68.3%*
72.3%*
69.4%*
70.2%
69.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
50-99
75.8%
73.5%
71.2%
71.9%
74.6%
65.2%*
69.3%
70.2%
69.7%
67.1%
68.0%
66.2%
69.7%^
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(1.1%)
(1.7%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(2.0%)
(1.8%)
(1.8%)
(1.8%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.1%)
(1.9%)
100+
68.5%
66.7%
64.5%
62.9%
58.9%*
57.4%
58.1%
55.9%
55.2%
56.7%
56.3%
53.5%*
53.6%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates
for firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.10: Average copayment (in dollars) (standard error) for a physician
office visit per employee enrolled in a health insurance plan with a physician visit copayment, overall and by
firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$22.82
$23.34*
$23.77*
$24.31*
$24.77*
$25.04
$25.89*
$26.50*
$26.81
$26.68
$26.92
$27.41*
$27.44
(Standard Error)
($0.10)
($0.11)
($0.16)
($0.13)
($0.12)
($0.12)
($0.12)
($0.13)
($0.14)
($0.16)
($0.17)
($0.18)
($0.17)
<50
$24.79
$25.71*
$26.07
$26.75*
$27.14
$27.30
$27.82
$28.21
$29.16*
$29.16
$30.02
$30.46
$30.16^
(Standard Error)
($0.15)
($0.17)
($0.14)
($0.22)
($0.22)
($0.22)
($0.23)
($0.27)
($0.25)
($0.30)
($0.34)
($0.44)
($0.34)
50-99
$24.62
$24.05
$25.05*
$25.37
$26.29
$27.06
$27.43
$27.36
$28.37
$27.88
$28.26
$29.36
$29.01^
(Standard Error)
($0.36)
($0.34)
($0.26)
($0.44)
($0.35)
($0.40)
($0.39)
($0.48)
($0.42)
($0.48)
($0.53)
($0.64)
($0.61)
100+
$22.13
$22.68*
$23.07
$23.60
$24.03*
$24.25
$25.28*
$25.99*
$26.11
$25.93
$26.17
$26.46
$26.52
(Standard Error)
($0.11)
($0.12)
($0.22)
($0.17)
($0.14)
($0.15)
($0.15)
($0.16)
($0.16)
($0.20)
($0.20)
($0.19)
($0.20)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.11: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in
a health insurance plan with a copayment for an office visit to a specialist physician, overall and by firm
size, 2016-2022
Number of Employees
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
60.8%
58.7%*
58.0%
60.2%*
58.2%*
56.9%
57.3%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<50
69.2%
71.8%*
69.5%
72.3%*
69.5%*
70.2%
70.3%^
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
50-99
70.2%
71.1%
69.4%
67.0%
68.9%
70.0%
69.0%^
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
(1.8%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(1.9%)
100+
58.4%
55.2%*
54.9%
57.2%
55.5%
53.3%
53.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2016-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.12: Average copayment (in dollars) (standard error) for an office visit
to a
specialist physician per employee enrolled in a health insurance plan with a specialist physician
copayment at
private-sector establishments, overall and by firm size, 2016-2022
Number of Employees
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$40.29
$41.97*
$43.36*
$43.71
$45.29*
$46.29
$46.00
(Standard Error)
($0.23)
($0.26)
($0.28)
($0.31)
($0.41)
($0.35)
($0.35)
<50
$44.11
$46.27*
$49.48*
$51.27*
$51.98
$54.09
$53.51^
(Standard Error)
($0.42)
($0.44)
($0.47)
($0.61)
($0.69)
($0.84)
($0.65)
50-99
$43.20
$43.99
$48.22*
$47.75
$50.22
$52.29
$50.76^
(Standard Error)
($0.87)
($0.82)
($0.88)
($0.97)
($1.05)
($1.10)
($1.22)
100+
$39.10
$40.68*
$41.40
$41.42
$43.41*
$43.71
$43.38
(Standard Error)
($0.28)
($0.32)
($0.34)
($0.36)
($0.51)
($0.38)
($0.41)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2016-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.13: Percentage (standard error) of private-sector enrolled employees in
a health insurance plan with a coinsurance payment for an office visit to a specialist physician, overall
and by firm size, 2016-2022
Number of Employees
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
35.5%
38.1%*
38.3%
34.6%*
36.3%
38.6%*
37.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<50
22.3%
22.3%
22.6%
20.7%
20.8%
20.8%
19.4%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
50-99
22.3%
21.7%
20.7%
19.4%
20.6%
22.6%
20.7%^
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.8%)
(1.7%)
100+
39.3%
42.5%*
42.7%
38.7%*
40.1%
43.3%*
42.7%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2016-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.14: Average coinsurance rate (in percentage) (standard error) for an
office visit to a specialist physician per employee enrolled in a health insurance plan with a specialist
physician coinsurance rate at private-sector establishments, overall and by firm size, 2016-2022
Number of Employees
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
20.7%
21.2%*
21.0%
20.7%
21.4%*
22.1%*
21.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
<50
23.9%
23.1%
24.9%*
24.3%
25.1%
25.6%
26.9%^
(Standard Error)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
50-99
23.3%
22.6%
22.6%
22.5%
23.8%
25.2%
24.4%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
100+
20.2%
21.0%*
20.5%
20.2%
20.9%*
21.7%*
20.7%*
(Standard Error)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.2%)
(0.3%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2016-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.15: Among private-sector enrolled employees with single coverage,
percentage (standard error) in a health insurance plan with an individual maximum out-of-pocket payment, overall
and
by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
80.8%
81.0%
80.7%
86.0%*
91.1%*
93.9%*
93.5%
93.4%
92.3%*
90.9%*
91.0%
93.5%*
91.4%*
(Standard Error)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
<50
73.3%
74.8%
75.4%
81.7%*
85.7%*
88.1%*
88.6%
88.8%
87.3%
84.4%*
82.2%
85.7%*
83.2%^
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(1.1%)
(0.4%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
50-99
81.5%
78.3%
77.4%
83.5%*
88.9%*
93.1%*
92.5%
92.5%
89.8%
89.2%
88.5%
92.1%*
87.2%*^
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(1.8%)
(2.6%)
(0.8%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.4%)
(1.5%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
(1.6%)
100+
83.0%
83.1%
82.6%
87.6%*
92.7%*
95.5%*
94.7%
94.6%
93.7%
92.6%
92.9%
95.3%*
93.9%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.16: Among private-sector enrolled employees with family coverage,
percentage (standard error) in a health insurance plan with a family maximum out-of-pocket payment, overall and
by
firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
78.5%
80.3%
80.9%
85.7%*
91.4%*
94.3%*
94.0%
94.4%
93.3%
91.6%*
88.7%*
89.6%
89.8%
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.9%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
<50
72.3%
72.0%
75.8%*
80.9%*
83.8%
87.8%*
86.7%
86.8%
83.6%
83.3%
78.1%*
73.8%
78.4%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.6%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.3%)
(1.3%)
(1.7%)
(2.1%)
(1.7%)
50-99
80.6%
79.5%
76.4%
83.5%*
88.2%
91.5%
92.7%
94.3%
92.3%
90.2%
85.8%
88.0%
79.5%*^
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(1.6%)
(2.7%)
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
(1.5%)
(1.4%)
(1.2%)
(1.6%)
(1.7%)
(2.3%)
(2.0%)
(2.8%)
100+
79.6%
81.8%
82.1%
86.7%*
92.9%*
95.4%*
95.3%
95.6%
94.8%
93.1%*
90.3%*
92.2%*
92.4%
(Standard Error)
(0.9%)
(0.7%)
(0.8%)
(1.0%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.17: Average individual maximum out-of-pocket payment (in dollars)
(standard error) per employee enrolled with single coverage in a health insurance plan with an individual
maximum
out-of-pocket payment, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$2,939
$2,980
$3,099*
$3,259*
$3,575*
$3,865*
$4,099*
$4,246*
$4,416*
$4,476
$4,594*
$4,688*
$4,663
(Standard Error)
($46)
($18)
($25)
($17)
($30)
($24)
($24)
($21)
($25)
($28)
($25)
($26)
($32)
<50
$3,177
$3,191
$3,321*
$3,515*
$3,787*
$4,096*
$4,420*
$4,446
$4,730*
$5,126*
$5,098
$5,157
$5,519*^
(Standard Error)
($125)
($43)
($48)
($38)
($49)
($52)
($53)
($47)
($45)
($54)
($58)
($66)
($63)
50-99
$2,952
$3,019
$3,263
$3,346
$3,885*
$4,230*
$4,463
$4,678
$4,813
$4,908
$5,032
$5,055
$5,291^
(Standard Error)
($84)
($92)
($99)
($71)
($100)
($96)
($81)
($87)
($80)
($76)
($103)
($99)
($98)
100+
$2,874
$2,920
$3,026*
$3,182*
$3,489*
$3,774*
$3,992*
$4,158*
$4,312*
$4,299
$4,467*
$4,562*
$4,415*
(Standard Error)
($68)
($31)
($29)
($21)
($37)
($28)
($28)
($25)
($30)
($34)
($29)
($30)
($38)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.18: Average family maximum out-of-pocket payment (in dollars) (standard
error) per employee enrolled with family coverage in a health insurance plan with a family maximum
out-of-pocket payment, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
$5,854
$6,010
$6,356*
$6,500*
$7,114*
$7,542*
$7,881*
$8,183*
$8,375*
$8,534
$8,867*
$8,983
$8,848
(Standard Error)
($78)
($54)
($61)
($40)
($63)
($60)
($67)
($65)
($63)
($65)
($69)
($70)
($75)
<50
$6,209
$6,210
$6,671*
$6,843
$7,488*
$7,676
$8,330*
$8,821*
$9,025
$9,777*
$9,785
$9,657
$10,362*^
(Standard Error)
($129)
($102)
($155)
($140)
($123)
($135)
($155)
($136)
($143)
($157)
($177)
($185)
($194)
50-99
$6,015
$6,296
$6,299
$6,594
$7,228
$7,608
$8,393*
$8,605
$9,219
$9,314
$10,104*
$9,465
$10,042^
(Standard Error)
($178)
($234)
($277)
($281)
($301)
($239)
($265)
($246)
($231)
($217)
($228)
($254)
($223)
100+
$5,779
$5,961
$6,311*
$6,440
$7,050*
$7,519*
$7,785*
$8,066*
$8,240
$8,304
$8,692*
$8,871
$8,563*
(Standard Error)
($97)
($64)
($65)
($53)
($72)
($68)
($76)
($74)
($72)
($73)
($76)
($78)
($84)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: * indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous
year
at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for
firms with <50 and 50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with
100+ employees at p < 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.19: Among private-sector enrolled employees with single coverage,
percentage (standard error) in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
24.6%
28.0%*
30.7%*
34.1%*
39.2%*
43.9%*
47.1%*
53.0%*
53.6%
55.3%
57.7%*
60.1%*
57.9%*
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.6%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
(0.7%)
<50
36.8%
40.9%*
43.3%
45.6%
50.7%*
52.1%
54.9%
55.1%
60.2%*
63.6%*
64.2%
64.4%
64.7%^
(Standard Error)
(0.8%)
(0.7%)
(1.1%)
(1.2%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.2%)
(1.2%)
(1.3%)
(1.2%)
50-99
39.8%
38.3%
46.1%*
46.5%
50.0%
55.0%
55.0%
58.9%
62.5%
65.3%
67.4%
64.6%
67.0%^
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
(1.9%)
(1.9%)
(2.1%)
(2.1%)
(2.3%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.0%)
(2.1%)
(2.1%)
(2.3%)
(2.1%)
100+
19.3%
23.1%*
25.5%*
29.4%*
35.0%*
40.5%*
44.5%*
51.8%*
51.2%
52.4%
55.4%*
58.7%*
55.3%*
(Standard Error)
(0.6%)
(0.4%)
(0.5%)
(0.6%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Single coverage plans are classified as "high deductible" if the
individual deductible met or exceeded the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) threshold for a
high-deductible plan in a given year. In 2022, the individual deductible threshold was $1,400.
Note
that plans must also meet other requirements to be considered a high-deductible plan by the IRS. *
indicates the estimate is statistically different from the previous year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the
estimates for firms with <50
and
50-99 employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p
< 0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.20: Among private-sector enrolled employees with family coverage,
percentage (standard error) in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by firm size, 2010-2022
Number of Employees
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
U.S.
23.7%
28.8%*
30.3%*
33.9%*
39.4%*
41.9%*
44.4%*
51.9%*
50.7%
53.5%*
55.2%
58.4%*
57.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.5%)
(0.4%)
(0.4%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.8%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
<50
37.5%
42.7%*
44.3%
50.6%*
51.9%
52.7%
49.8%
55.2%*
56.6%
64.4%*
61.6%
62.3%
62.4%^
(Standard Error)
(1.1%)
(1.7%)
(1.6%)
(1.0%)
(1.5%)
(1.6%)
(1.6%)
(1.7%)
(1.6%)
(1.7%)
(1.9%)
(2.0%)
(1.8%)
50-99
37.7%
47.1%*
48.8%
47.1%
46.6%
47.2%
54.6%
53.7%
60.0%
61.1%
62.5%
69.6%
59.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(2.1%)
(2.6%)
(3.0%)
(2.6%)
(2.8%)
(3.1%)
(3.1%)
(2.9%)
(2.7%)
(4.1%)
(2.6%)
(3.0%)
100+
20.0%
25.1%*
26.6%
30.2%*
36.8%*
39.8%*
42.9%*
51.3%*
49.2%
51.2%
53.9%
57.1%*
56.5%
(Standard Error)
(0.7%)
(0.6%)
(0.5%)
(0.5%)
(0.9%)
(0.9%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
(0.9%)
(1.1%)
(1.0%)
(1.0%)
(1.1%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2010-2022. Note: Family coverage plans are classified as "high deductible" if the
family
deductible met or exceeded the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) threshold for a high-deductible plan
in
a given year. In 2022, the family deductible threshold was $2,800. Note that plans must also meet
other requirements to be considered a high-deductible plan by the IRS. * indicates the estimate is
statistically different from the previous year at p < 0.05. ^ indicates that the estimates for firms with
<50 and 50-99
employees are statistically different from the estimate for firms with 100+ employees at p <
0.05. This test is conducted for 2022 only.
Exhibit 5.21: Among private-sector enrolled employees with single coverage,
percentage in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
43.5%*
Kentucky
70.3%*
North Dakota
64.4%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Alaska
57.0%
Louisiana
57.3%
Ohio
65.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Arizona
66.2%*
Maine
73.7%*
Oklahoma
59.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Arkansas
60.0%
Maryland
51.4%*
Oregon
64.8%*
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
California
46.0%*
Massachusetts
56.4%
Pennsylvania
54.2%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
Colorado
67.5%*
Michigan
56.1%
Rhode Island
57.4%
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Connecticut
63.0%*
Minnesota
65.1%*
South Carolina
65.4%*
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
Delaware
56.9%
Mississippi
54.4%
South Dakota
75.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
District of Columbia
33.2%*
Missouri
63.1%
Tennessee
67.0%*
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Florida
61.7%
Montana
72.2%*
Texas
62.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
Georgia
62.6%
Nebraska
68.1%*
Utah
65.8%*
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Hawaii
17.9%*
Nevada
48.6%*
Vermont
62.5%*
(Standard Error)
(1.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(1.8%)
Idaho
66.4%*
New Hampshire
72.9%*
Virginia
57.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
Illinois
53.8%*
New Jersey
56.4%
Washington
61.9%
(Standard Error)
(1.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Indiana
69.2%*
New Mexico
56.5%
West Virginia
59.7%
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Iowa
69.8%*
New York
49.8%*
Wisconsin
68.5%*
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(1.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
Kansas
61.9%
North Carolina
71.1%*
Wyoming
64.0%
(Standard Error)
(2.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 58.6 percent at
p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 58.6 percent is 0.40.
Exhibit 5.22: Among private-sector enrolled employees with family coverage,
percentage in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
42.2%*
Kentucky
65.3%*
North Dakota
53.9%
(Standard Error)
(3.4%)
(Standard Error)
(3.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Alaska
49.7%
Louisiana
63.7%*
Ohio
62.2%*
(Standard Error)
(4.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Arizona
68.7%*
Maine
62.3%
Oklahoma
62.2%
(Standard Error)
(3.8%)
(Standard Error)
(3.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
Arkansas
53.5%
Maryland
52.3%
Oregon
58.2%
(Standard Error)
(3.2%)
(Standard Error)
(3.1%)
(Standard Error)
(2.9%)
California
47.4%*
Massachusetts
52.6%
Pennsylvania
49.7%*
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
Colorado
71.0%*
Michigan
58.4%
Rhode Island
52.3%
(Standard Error)
(2.4%)
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
Connecticut
56.2%
Minnesota
63.3%
South Carolina
60.3%
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(3.6%)
(Standard Error)
(3.1%)
Delaware
50.8%
Mississippi
54.9%
South Dakota
67.4%*
(Standard Error)
(3.2%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(3.1%)
District of Columbia
39.0%*
Missouri
63.9%*
Tennessee
63.0%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(3.3%)
Florida
57.7%
Montana
54.5%
Texas
61.9%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(4.0%)
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
Georgia
65.4%*
Nebraska
66.7%*
Utah
64.3%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
Hawaii
20.8%*
Nevada
50.2%*
Vermont
61.2%
(Standard Error)
(2.0%)
(Standard Error)
(3.3%)
(Standard Error)
(2.5%)
Idaho
56.6%
New Hampshire
66.1%*
Virginia
59.2%
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(3.0%)
(Standard Error)
(3.1%)
Illinois
55.2%
New Jersey
54.8%
Washington
62.0%
(Standard Error)
(2.3%)
(Standard Error)
(3.8%)
(Standard Error)
(3.2%)
Indiana
65.0%*
New Mexico
57.6%
West Virginia
57.9%
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(2.2%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
Iowa
63.4%*
New York
47.4%*
Wisconsin
63.8%*
(Standard Error)
(2.7%)
(Standard Error)
(1.9%)
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
Kansas
56.4%
North Carolina
66.0%*
Wyoming
63.1%
(Standard Error)
(2.6%)
(Standard Error)
(2.8%)
(Standard Error)
(3.4%)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of 57.0 percent at
p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of 57.0 percent is 0.51.
Exhibit 5.23: Average individual deductible (in dollars) per employee enrolled
with single coverage in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by State, 3-year average,
2020-2022
Alabama
$2,745
Kentucky
$2,615
North Dakota
$2,697
(Standard Error)
($95)
(Standard Error)
($66)
(Standard Error)
($58)
Alaska
$2,749
Louisiana
$2,515
Ohio
$2,704
(Standard Error)
($100)
(Standard Error)
($55)
(Standard Error)
($59)
Arizona
$2,764*
Maine
$3,105*
Oklahoma
$2,632
(Standard Error)
($65)
(Standard Error)
($67)
(Standard Error)
($68)
Arkansas
$2,476*
Maryland
$2,383*
Oregon
$2,873
(Standard Error)
($61)
(Standard Error)
($59)
(Standard Error)
($162)
California
$2,433*
Massachusetts
$2,385*
Pennsylvania
$2,471*
(Standard Error)
($63)
(Standard Error)
($71)
(Standard Error)
($46)
Colorado
$2,614
Michigan
$2,313*
Rhode Island
$2,605
(Standard Error)
($57)
(Standard Error)
($50)
(Standard Error)
($52)
Connecticut
$2,779*
Minnesota
$2,769*
South Carolina
$2,693
(Standard Error)
($59)
(Standard Error)
($50)
(Standard Error)
($65)
Delaware
$2,723
Mississippi
$2,734
South Dakota
$2,839*
(Standard Error)
($98)
(Standard Error)
($73)
(Standard Error)
($49)
District of Columbia
$2,355*
Missouri
$2,639
Tennessee
$2,709
(Standard Error)
($57)
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($61)
Florida
$2,651
Montana
$3,080*
Texas
$2,823*
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($82)
(Standard Error)
($52)
Georgia
$2,735
Nebraska
$2,583
Utah
$2,460*
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($62)
(Standard Error)
($65)
Hawaii
$2,415*
Nevada
$2,561
Vermont
$2,855*
(Standard Error)
($102)
(Standard Error)
($60)
(Standard Error)
($65)
Idaho
$2,653
New Hampshire
$2,959*
Virginia
$2,733
(Standard Error)
($64)
(Standard Error)
($65)
(Standard Error)
($74)
Illinois
$2,495*
New Jersey
$2,301*
Washington
$2,501
(Standard Error)
($41)
(Standard Error)
($49)
(Standard Error)
($76)
Indiana
$2,776*
New Mexico
$2,680
West Virginia
$2,770
(Standard Error)
($63)
(Standard Error)
($94)
(Standard Error)
($82)
Iowa
$2,734*
New York
$2,446*
Wisconsin
$2,755*
(Standard Error)
($56)
(Standard Error)
($48)
(Standard Error)
($57)
Kansas
$2,565
North Carolina
$2,726
Wyoming
$2,580
(Standard Error)
($58)
(Standard Error)
($71)
(Standard Error)
($73)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $2,618 at p
< 0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $2,618 is $12.36.
Exhibit 5.24: Average family deductible (in dollars) per employee enrolled with
family coverage in a high-deductible health insurance plan, overall and by State, 3-year average, 2020-2022
Alabama
$5,393
Kentucky
$4,958
North Dakota
$5,241
(Standard Error)
($206)
(Standard Error)
($173)
(Standard Error)
($107)
Alaska
$5,266
Louisiana
$4,989
Ohio
$5,268
(Standard Error)
($152)
(Standard Error)
($123)
(Standard Error)
($130)
Arizona
$5,575
Maine
$5,414*
Oklahoma
$5,721*
(Standard Error)
($291)
(Standard Error)
($135)
(Standard Error)
($312)
Arkansas
$4,876
Maryland
$4,831
Oregon
$5,075
(Standard Error)
($133)
(Standard Error)
($140)
(Standard Error)
($154)
California
$4,934
Massachusetts
$4,844
Pennsylvania
$4,767*
(Standard Error)
($135)
(Standard Error)
($155)
(Standard Error)
($106)
Colorado
$5,295
Michigan
$4,530*
Rhode Island
$5,476*
(Standard Error)
($122)
(Standard Error)
($144)
(Standard Error)
($165)
Connecticut
$5,363
Minnesota
$5,317
South Carolina
$5,443
(Standard Error)
($220)
(Standard Error)
($115)
(Standard Error)
($203)
Delaware
$5,280
Mississippi
$5,351
South Dakota
$5,470*
(Standard Error)
($157)
(Standard Error)
($184)
(Standard Error)
($104)
District of Columbia
$4,972
Missouri
$5,009
Tennessee
$5,187
(Standard Error)
($226)
(Standard Error)
($124)
(Standard Error)
($147)
Florida
$4,957
Montana
$5,212
Texas
$5,337*
(Standard Error)
($226)
(Standard Error)
($157)
(Standard Error)
($119)
Georgia
$5,558*
Nebraska
$5,056
Utah
$5,016
(Standard Error)
($212)
(Standard Error)
($97)
(Standard Error)
($130)
Hawaii
$5,328
Nevada
$5,077
Vermont
$5,304
(Standard Error)
($219)
(Standard Error)
($159)
(Standard Error)
($164)
Idaho
$4,881
New Hampshire
$5,737*
Virginia
$5,116
(Standard Error)
($160)
(Standard Error)
($159)
(Standard Error)
($146)
Illinois
$5,156
New Jersey
$4,654*
Washington
$4,621*
(Standard Error)
($142)
(Standard Error)
($109)
(Standard Error)
($173)
Indiana
$5,452*
New Mexico
$5,136
West Virginia
$5,494*
(Standard Error)
($156)
(Standard Error)
($125)
(Standard Error)
($165)
Iowa
$5,110
New York
$4,702*
Wisconsin
$5,404*
(Standard Error)
($105)
(Standard Error)
($95)
(Standard Error)
($142)
Kansas
$5,150
North Carolina
$4,927
Wyoming
$5,141
(Standard Error)
($136)
(Standard Error)
($145)
(Standard Error)
($168)
Source:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, private-sector establishments,
2020-2022. Note: * Statistically different from the national average of $5,086 at p <
0.05. Note that the standard error on the national estimate of $5,086 is $30.16.
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